Philip Edmond Wodehouse

Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse GCSI KCB
Governor Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse
Born	(1811-02-27)27 February 1811 Sennowe Lodge, Norfolk, England^[1]
Died	25 October 1887(1887-10-25) (aged 76) Queen Anne's Mansions, Westminster, Middlesex, England^[1]
Occupation(s)	Civil servant, colonial governor

Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse GCSI KCB (27 February 1811 – 25 October 1887) was a British colonial administrator.

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Biography

Wodehouse was the eldest child of Edmond Wodehouse and his wife and first cousin Lucy Wodehouse. His paternal grandfather Thomas Wodehouse and maternal grandfather Reverend Philip Wodehouse were both younger sons of Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet, whose eldest son John Wodehouse, 1st Baron Wodehouse, was the ancestor of the Earls of Kimberley.

Wodehouse entered the Ceylon Civil Service at an early age and later served as superintendent of British Honduras from 1851 to 1854. He then served as Governor of British Guiana from 1854 to 1861, where his unpopular measures (such as imposing a head tax) generated enormous riots that even saw him and his retinue attacked and pelted.^[2]

In 1861 he was appointed Governor of the Cape Colony and British High Commissioner for Southern Africa, taking over from Sir George Grey who had been recalled for disobeying Imperial orders. His High Commission in southern Africa was initially dominated by the dispute between the neighbouring states of Basutoland and the Orange Free State but, via his arbitration, he managed to bring Basutoland under British control.^[3] His High Commission was also overshadowed, throughout its duration, by a growing movement in the Cape for a degree of independence under a system of "Responsible Government". The local Cape Parliament was elected by a system of multi-racial franchise, but had no executive power. The movement for "responsible government" (a democratically accountable executive) had immense local popularity, fueled by what was perceived to be the ineptitude of British imperial rule. Autocratic and unpopular, Wodehouse fought this growing independence movement throughout his Governorship, even attempting to dismantle the Cape Parliament and bring the Cape back under his direct rule as a Crown Colony. Increasingly despotic, he, in turn, faced increasingly fierce opposition, led by local leader John Molteno, until he was recalled in 1870, amid great local celebration.^[4]

He was then Governor of Bombay from 1872 to 1877, when he retired from public life. He was made a CB in 1860, a KCB in 1862 and a GCSI in 1876.

Family

Wodehouse married Katherine Mary, daughter of Francis James Templer, in 1833. They had one child, Edmond Wodehouse, who became Member of Parliament for Bath. Wodehouse died in October 1887, aged 76. He is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

Legacy

Wodehouse Peak, a prominent highpoint in Golden Gate Highlands National Park is named after Philip Wodehouse supposedly due to his suggestion that the border between the Boers and Basotho should follow the Rooiberge range.^[5] This suggestion, however, dates from 1845 when Sir Peregrine (Percy) Maitland governed the Cape, well before the 1861 governorship of Wodehouse. Wodehouse presided over the Convention of Aliwal-North which formally established the boundaries of Basotholand.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004), "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29813, retrieved 9 November 2023
^ Carlyle 1901.
^ Chesson 1871, pp. 8–47.
^ Malherbe 1971.
^ "Golden Gate Highlands National Park - A Brief History". sanparks.org. n.d. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ "Basotho Wars 1858 - 1868". Sahistory.org.za. 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

Carlyle, Edward Irving (1901). "Wodehouse, Philip Edmond" . In Lee, Sidney; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). Vol. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 516–517.
Chesson, Frederick William (1871). The Dutch Republics of South Africa: Three Letters to R. N. Fowler, and Charles Buxton. London: W. Tweedie.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages ^{[self-published source]}^{[better source needed]}
Malherbe, Vertrees Canby (1971). What They Said, 1795-1910: A Selection of Documents from South African History. Cape Town: Maskew Miller. ISBN 9780623004579.

Government offices
Preceded by Charles St. John Fancourt	Superintendent of British Honduras 1851–1854	Succeeded by William Stevenson
Preceded by William Walker (acting)	Governor of British Guiana 1854–1861	Succeeded by Sir Francis Hincks
Preceded by Robert Wynyard (acting)	Governor of the Cape Colony 1861–1870	Succeeded by Charles Craufurd Hay (acting)
Preceded by Sir William Vesey-FitzGerald	Governor of Bombay 1872–1877	Succeeded by Sir Richard Temple

v t e Governors of the Cape Colony
British occupation 1806–1814	David Baird Henry George Grey Du Pre Alexander Henry George Grey John Francis Cradock Robert Meade
British colony 1814–1910	Charles Somerset Rufane Shaw Donkin Richard Bourke Galbraith Lowry Cole Thomas Francis Wade Benjamin D'Urban George Thomas Napier Peregrine Maitland Henry Pottinger Harry Smith George Cathcart Charles Henry Darling George Grey Robert Henry Wynyard Philip Edmond Wodehouse Charles Craufurd Hay Henry Barkly Henry Bartle Frere Henry Hugh Clifford George Cumine Strahan Hercules Robinson Leicester Smyth Henry D'Oyley Torrens Henry Augustus Smyth Henry Brougham Loch William Gordon Cameron Hercules Robinson William Howley Goodenough Alfred Milner William Francis Butler Walter Hely-Hutchinson Henry Jenner Scobell Those in italics were Acting Governors
State President of the South African Republic State President of the Orange Free State Prime Minister of the Cape Colony Prime Minister of Natal