The Phi11 Holin (φ11 Holin) Family (TC# 1.E.11) constitutes the Holin Superfamily I.[1]
One characterized member of this family, pneumococcal EJ-1 phage holin (EJh; TC# 1.E.11.1.3), is a hydrophobic peptide of 85 amino acyl residues in length (aas) with 2 putative transmembrane segments (TMSs) displaying lethal inner membrane disruptive activity.[2] The synthetic N-terminal TMS flanked by its N-terminal positively charged residues folds into a transmembrane α-helix that increases the membrane permeability. Oligomeric channels of various sizes form depending on the peptide to lipid ratio. By atomic force microscopy, peptide-induced membrane holes can be seen.[3]
A representative list of proteins belonging to the φ11 holin family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
See also
Further reading
- Bon, J.; Mani, N.; Jayaswal, R. K. (1997-07-01). "Molecular analysis of lytic genes of bacteriophage 80 alpha of Staphylococcus aureus". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43 (7): 612–616. ISSN 0008-4166.PMID 9246739.
- Cerca, N.; Oliveira, R.; Azeredo, J. (2007-09-01). "Susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic cells and biofilms to the lytic action of staphylococcus bacteriophage K". Letters in Applied Microbiology 45 (3): 313–317. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02190.x. ISSN 0266-8254. PMID 17718845.
- Curtin, John J.; Donlan, Rodney M. (2006-04-01). "Using bacteriophages to reduce formation of catheter-associated biofilms by Staphylococcus epidermidis".Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50 (4): 1268–1275. doi:10.1128/AAC.50.4.1268-1275.2006. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 1426991. PMID 16569839.
- Iandolo, John J.; Worrell, Veronica; Groicher, Kajetan H.; Qian, Yudong; Tian, Runying; Kenton, Steve; Dorman, Angela; Ji, Honggui; Lin, Shaoping (2002-05-01)."Comparative analysis of the genomes of the temperate bacteriophages φ11, φ12 and φ13 of Staphylococcus aureus 8325". Gene 289 (1–2): 109–118.doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00481-X.
- Loessner, M. J.; Gaeng, S.; Wendlinger, G.; Maier, S. K.; Scherer, S. (1998-05-15). "The two-component lysis system of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage Twort: a large TTG-start holin and an associated amidase endolysin". FEMS Microbiology Letters162 (2): 265–274. ISSN 0378-1097. PMID 9627962.
- Martínez, Virginia; García, Pedro; García, José Luis; Prieto, María Auxiliadora (2011-07-01). "Controlled autolysis facilitates the polyhydroxyalkanoate recovery in Pseudomonas putida KT2440". Microbial Biotechnology 4(4): 533–547. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00257.x.ISSN 1751-7915. PMC 3815265. PMID 21418544.
- Seal, Bruce S.; Fouts, Derrick E.; Simmons, Mustafa; Garrish, Johnna K.; Kuntz, Robin L.; Woolsey, Rebekah; Schegg, Kathleen M.; Kropinski, Andrew M.; Ackermann, Hans-W. (2011-01-01). "Clostridium perfringens bacteriophages ΦCP39O and ΦCP26F: genomic organization and proteomic analysis of the virions". Archives of Virology 156 (1): 25–35.doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0812-z. ISSN 1432-8798.PMC 4127328. PMID 20963614.
- Xia, Guoqing; Wolz, Christiane (2014-01-01)."Phages of Staphylococcus aureus and their impact on host evolution". Infection, Genetics and Evolution 21: 593–601. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.04.022.
References
- ^ Reddy, Bhaskara L.; Saier, Milton H. (2013-11-01). "Topological and phylogenetic analyses of bacterial holin families and superfamilies". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1828 (11): 2654–2671. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.004. ISSN 0006-3002. PMC 3788059. PMID 23856191.
- ^ Diaz, E.; Munthali, M.; Lunsdorf, H.; Holtje, J. V.; Timmis, K. N. (1996-02-01). "The two-step lysis system of pneumococcal bacteriophage EJ-1 is functional in gram-negative bacteria: triggering of the major pneumococcal autolysin in Escherichia coli". Molecular Microbiology. 19 (4): 667–681. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.399929.x. ISSN 0950-382X. PMID 8820638. S2CID 22961185.
- ^ Haro, Amparo; Vélez, Marisela; Goormaghtigh, Erik; Lago, Santiago; Vázquez, Jesús; Andreu, David; Gasset, María (2003-02-07). "Reconstitution of holin activity with a synthetic peptide containing the 1-32 sequence region of EJh, the EJ-1 phage holin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (6): 3929–3936. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211334200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12464609.
As of 10 March 2016, this article is derived in whole or in part from Transporter Classification Database (TCDB). The copyright holder has licensed the content in a manner that permits reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. The original text was at "1.E.11 The φ11 Holin (φ11 Holin) Family"
This page was last edited on 31 July 2021, at 07:28