Persicaria virginiana

Persicaria virginiana

Conservation status
Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Polygonaceae
Genus:	Persicaria
Species:	P. virginiana
Binomial name
*Persicaria virginiana* (L.) Gaertn.

Range within North America
Synonyms^[1]
Polygonum virginianum L. 1753 Antenoron virginianum (L.) Roberty & Vautier Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf.

Persicaria virginiana, also called jumpseed,^[2] Virginia knotweed or woodland knotweed^[3] is a North American species of smartweed within the buckwheat family. It is unusual as a shade-tolerant member of a mostly sun-loving genus. Jumpseed is a perennial, named for its seeds which can "jump" several feet when a ripe seedpod is disturbed.

Persicaria virginiana blooms in midsummer to late summer/early fall. It has a stalk of small white flowers.^[4]

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Description

Like other Persicaria, jumpseed has alternate leaves, with fine-hairy stipular sheaths (ocrea) with bristle-fringed edges which often turn brownish. Flowers, widely spaced along slender stalks, are white to greenish-white, rarely pink-tinged, and fruiting flowers have 2 downward-pointing hook-tipped styles.^[3] Persicaria virginiana is easily distinguished from most other Persicaria species by its much larger, more oval-shaped leaves, although a few species also have large leaves. It sometimes has a chevron-shaped marking on the leaves; often a single plant will have this marking on some leaves but not others.

Cultivars and naturalized populations from cultivation show much greater variation than wild-type plants, sometimes having variegation or have more involved red patterning, and sometimes having red or pink flowers.

Distribution and habitat

Persicaria virginiana has a wide native range throughout most of eastern North America (from Ontario and Quebec, south to Florida, and west as far as Texas, Nebraska, and Minnesota/),^[2]^[5]^[6] as well as Japan and the Himalayas.^[7]^[8]

It naturally occurs in full to partial shade, on riverbanks, woods, cliffs, and rocks.^[9]

Cultivation

Many variegated cultivars exist including 'Variegata' and 'Painter's Palette'.^[8] The cultivated plant prefers medium to moist soil and full sun to part shade.^[10]

References

^ "Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn.", Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden
^ ^a ^b USDA, NRCS (n.d.), "Persicaria virginiana", The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov), Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team, retrieved 12 October 2015
^ ^a ^b David M., Brandenburg (2010), National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Wildflowers of North America, New York: Sterling Publishing, p. 432, ISBN 978-1402741548
^ Hinds, Harold R.; Freeman, Craig C. (2005), "Persicaria virginiana", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), vol. 5, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA
^ "Persicaria virginiana", County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA), Biota of North America Program (BONAP), 2014
^ "Map Key". 2010 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. 2011-02-18. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
^ "Persicaria virginiana". Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
^ ^a ^b Barbara W. Ellis. Covering Ground: Unexpected Ideas for Landscaping with Colorful, Low-Maintenance Ground Covers. Storey Publishing, 2012. p. 154. ISBN 9781612122168
^ "Persicaria virginiana", Plants of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium, archived from the original on 2013-05-30
^ "Persicaria virginiana (Variegata Group)", Plant Finder, Missouri Botanical Garden