Gregory II of Constantinople

Gregory II of Constantinople
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Church	Church of Constantinople
In office	28 March 1283 – June 1289
Predecessor	Joseph I of Constantinople
Successor	Athanasius I of Constantinople
Personal details
Born	c. 1241
Died	1290

Gregory of Cyprus (Greek: Γρηγόριος ὁ Κύπριος, romanized: Grēgorios ho Kyprios; 1241–1290) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (as Gregory II) between 1283 and 1289.

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Life

Gregory was born in Lapithos, Cyprus. His name was originally George. His parents were middle class but of noble origin. He moved to Nicosia as a teenager seeking further education. Not satisfied by the level of education provided by local teachers in Greek, he became a student at a Latin school (available then as Cyprus was a Crusader kingdom). He had difficulty learning Latin and thus got only a superficial knowledge of grammar and Aristotle's Logic.

Still determined to get a decent education, he got on a ship to Acre, Palestine, where he arrived after three days. From there he travelled to Anaea in Asia Minor and finally made it to Mount Galesios near Ephesos. He had heard a lot about the scholar Nicephorus Blemmydes but was disappointed by him and moved to Nicaea where he studied with George Acropolites. With the recapture of Constantinople by Nicaean forces in 1261, he moved there. Later he became a teacher, his students including Nikephoros Choumnos.

He became patriarch in 1283. The orthodox and the catholic churches had proclaimed their union in 1274 in the Second Council of Lyons, motivated more by the emperor's politics than by theological arguments. Gregory, contrary to his predecessor refused to accept the filioque clause added to the Nicene creed by the Roman Catholics. Gregory spoke of an eternal manifestation of the Spirit by the Son. Gregory's formula has been considered an Orthodox "answer" to the filioque, though it does not have the status of official Orthodox doctrine. Gregory's perception of Trinity was endorsed by the council of Blachernae in 1285.

Works

Gregory wrote collections of proverbs, his own autobiography, and a series of rhetorical exercises, as well as hagiographical and doctrinal works. He also left a collection of letters.

Paroemiae (Proverbs): Schneidewin, F. G.; von Leutsch, E. L., eds. (1839). Corpus paroemiographorum Graecorum. Vol. I. Göttingen. pp. 349–378. von Leutsch, E. L., ed. (1851). Corpus paroemiographorum Graecorum. Vol. II. Göttingen. pp. 53–92, 93–130 & 131–134.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Epistola ad Joannem II sebastocratorem Thessaliae (Epistle to John II, sebastokrator of Thessaly): Rapp, C. (1988). "Ein bisher unbekannter Brief des Patriarchen Gregor von Zypern an Johannes II., Sebastokrator von Thessalien". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 81 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1515/bz-1988-0204. S2CID 191479342.
Tomus fidei (Explanatory tome of the Orthodox faith): Migne, J. P., ed. (1863). Patrologiae cursus completus. Series Graeca. Vol. CXLIV. Paris. pp. 233–246.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Progymnasmata (Rhetorical exercises): Kotzabassi, S. (1993). "Die Progymnasmata des Gregor von Zypern". Ἑλληνικά. 43: 51–63.
De vita sua (On his own life; autobiography): Lameere, W. (1937). La tradition manuscrite de la correspondance de Grégoire de Chypre Patriarche de Constantinople (1283-1289). Rome–Paris. pp. 177–191.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Contra Synesium, sive comae encomium (Against Synesius; or, hair praise): Pérez Martín, I. (1996). "El Elogio de la cabellera de Gregorio de Chipre". El Patriarca Gregorio de Chipre (ca. 1240-1290) y la transmisión de los textos clásicos en Bizancio. Madrid. pp. 361–396.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Vita sancti Lazari (Life of St. Lazarus): Delehaye, H. (1910). Acta Sanctorum Novembris. Vol. III. Bruxelles. pp. 588–606.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Oratio antirrhetica contra Joannem Beccum (Discourse against John Bekkos): Kislas, Th.; Savvatos, Ch. (2012). "Discours antirrhétique contre les opinions blasphématoires de Bekkos". In Larchet, J.-C. (ed.). La vie et l'oeuvre de Georges/Grégoire II de Chypre (1241-1290) patriarche de Constantinople. Paris. pp. 166–256.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Epistulae ad Theodoram Rhaulenam (Letters to Theodora Rhaulena): Kotzabassi, S. (2011). "Scholarly friendship in the thirteenth century: Patriarch Gregorios II Kyprios and Theodora Raoulaina". Παρεκβολαί. 1: 145–167.
Encomium maris, sive de universa aquae natura (Sea praise; or, on the Nature of Water): Migne, J. P., ed. (1863). Patrologiae cursus completus. Series Graeca. Vol. CXLIV. Paris. pp. 433–443.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Sources

Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Papadakis, Aristeides (1997) [1983]. Crisis in Byzantium: The Filioque Controversy in the Patriarchate of Gregory II of Cyprus (1283-1289) (Rev. ed.). Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 9780881411768.

External links

Eastern Orthodox Church titles
Preceded by Joseph I	Patriarch of Constantinople 1283–1289	Succeeded by Athanasius I

v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of Constantinople
Bishops of Byzantium (Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops of Constantinople (Roman period, 330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile at Nicaea Christianity portal

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This page was last edited on 21 February 2024, at 04:06

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