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Voiced palatal lateral approximant

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Voiced palatal lateral approximant
ʎ
IPA Number157
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ʎ
Unicode (hex)U+028E
X-SAMPAL
Braille
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant
l̠ʲ
ʎ̟

The voiced palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʎ, a rotated lowercase letter ⟨y⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.

Many languages that were previously thought to have a palatal lateral approximant actually have a lateral approximant that is, broadly, alveolo-palatal; that is to say, it is articulated at a place in-between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate (excluded), and it may be variously described as alveolo-palatal, lamino-postalveolar,[1] or postalveolo-prepalatal.[2] None of the 13 languages investigated by Recasens (2013), many of them Romance, has a 'true' palatal.[3] That is likely the case for several other languages listed here. Some languages, like Portuguese and Catalan, have a lateral approximant that varies between alveolar and alveolo-palatal.[4]

There is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the alveolo-palatal lateral approximant. If precision is desired, it may be transcribed l̠ʲ or ʎ̟; they are essentially equivalent because the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. There is also a non-IPA letter U+0234 ȴ ; ȴ ("l", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives ɕ, ʑ) is used especially in Sinological circles.

The voiced palatal lateral approximant contrasts phonemically with its voiceless counterpart /ʎ̥/ in the Xumi language spoken in China.[5][6]

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • [ʎ] voiced palatal lateral approximant consonant
  • [ ʎ̮ ] voiced dorsal palatal lateral tap
  • E voiced palatal lateral approximant
  • ʎ
  • [lʲ] voiced palatalized alveolar lateral approximant consonant

Transcription

Features

Cased forms of the IPA letter in the Pilagá alphabet. The capital is not supported by Unicode.

Features of the voiced palatal lateral approximant:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Albanian[7] Malsia e Madhe lule [ˈʎuʎɛ] 'flower'
Arbëresh
Arvanitika
Aragonese agulla [a̠ˈɣuʎa̠] 'needle'
Aromanian ljepuri [ˈʎe̞puri] 'rabbit'
Astur-Leonese Asturian llingua [ˈʎĩŋɡwa̝] 'language' Where /ʎ/ is absent and replaced by different sounds (depending on dialect), a phenomenon known as che vaqueira, its corresponding sounds are spelled ḷḷ.
Leonese
Mirandese lhéngua [ˈʎɛ̃ɡwɐ]
Aymara llaki [ʎaki] 'sad'
Basque bonbilla [bo̞mbiʎa̠] 'bulb'
Breton familh [fa̠miʎ] 'family'
Bulgarian любов [ʎuˈbof] 'love' Alveolo-palatal.[dubious ]
Catalan Standard llac [ˈʎ̟a̠k] 'lake' Alveolo-palatal.[2] See Catalan phonology
Eastern Aragon clau [ˈkʎ̟a̠ʊ̯] 'key' Allophone of /l/ in consonant clusters.
Chipaya lloqa [ʎoqa] 'bank' See Chipaya languages
English Australian million [ˈmɪʎən] 'million' A frequent allophone of the sequence /lj/
Canadian (Atlantic and Newfoundland)
County Donegal[8] Allophone of the sequence /lj/.[8]
General American[9] A frequent allophone of the sequence /lj/; sometimes realized as [jj].[9] See English phonology
Hiberno-English A frequent allophone of the sequence /lj/
New England
New York City
New Zealand
Received Pronunciation
South African
Southern American
Philippine gorilla [goˈɾɪʎɐ] 'gorilla' Common realization of ⟨ll⟩ between vowels due to Spanish influence.[citation needed]
Enindhilyagwa angalya [aŋal̠ʲa] 'place' Laminal post-alveolar
Faroese[10] telgja [ˈtʰɛʎt͡ʃa] 'to carve' Allophone of /l/ before palatal consonants.[10] Sometimes voiceless [ʎ̥].[10] See Faroese phonology
Franco-Provençal balyi [baʎi] 'give'
French Some dialects[11] papillon [papiʎɒ̃] 'butterfly' Corresponds to /j/ in modern standard French. See French phonology
Galician Standard illado [iˈʎa̠ðo̝] 'insulated' Most Galician speakers, especially the urban and younger populations, are nowadays yeístas[12] because of influence from Spanish
Greek ήλιος [ˈiʎos] 'sun' Postalveolar.[13] See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian Northern dialects[14] lyuk [ʎuk] 'hole' Alveolo-palatal.[15] Modern Standard Hungarian has undergone a phenomenon akin to Spanish yeísmo, merging /ʎ/ into /j/. See Hungarian ly and Hungarian phonology
Irish duille [ˈd̪ˠɪl̠ʲə] 'leaf' Alveolo-palatal. Some dialects contrast it with palatalized alveolar /lʲ/. See Irish phonology
Italian[2] figlio [ˈfiʎːo] 'son' Alveolo-palatal.[2] Realized as fricative [ʎ̝] in a large number of accents.[16] See Italian phonology
Ivilyuat Iviuɂat [ʔivɪʎʊʔat] 'the speaking [Ivilyuat]' ('Ivilyuat language')
Jaqaru allaka [a'ʎaka] 'pumpkin' See Jaqaru Language
Jebero llinllin[17] [ʎinʎin] 'name' See Jebero Language
Korean Seoul dialect 천리마 / cheollima [t͡ɕʰʌ̹ʎʎima̠] 'qianlima' /l/ is palatalized to [ʎ] before /i, j/ and before palatal consonant allophones[18]
Latvian ļaudis [ʎàwdis] 'people' See Latvian phonology
Mapudungun aylla [ˈɐjʎɜ] 'nine' See Mapuche language
Norwegian Northern and central dialects[19] alle [ɑʎːe] 'all' See Norwegian phonology
Occitan Standard miralhar [miɾa̠ˈʎa̠] 'to reflect' See Occitan phonology
Paiwan Standard veljevelj [vəʎəvəʎ] 'banana' See Paiwan language
Paez silli [siʎi] 'reed' See Paezan languages
Portuguese Standard alho [ˈaʎu] 'garlic' Alveolo-palatal in European Portuguese.[20] May instead be [lʲ], [l] (Northeast) or [j] (Caipira), especially before unrounded vowels.[21][22] See Portuguese phonology
Many dialects[23] sandália [sɐ̃ˈda̠l̠ʲɐ] 'sandal' Possible realization of post-stressed /li/ plus vowel.
Quechua[24] qallu [qaʎʊ] 'tongue'
Romanian Transylvanian dialects[25] lingură [ˈʎinɡurə] 'spoon' Corresponds to [l][in which environments?] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Scottish Gaelic[26] till [tʲʰiːʎ] 'return' Alveolo-palatal.[citation needed] See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Serbo-Croatian[27] љуљaшка / ljuljaška [ʎ̟ǔʎ̟äːʂkä] 'swing (seat)' Palato-alveolar.[27] See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Sissano piyl [piʎ] 'fish'
Slovak ľúbiť [ˈʎu̞ːbi̞c] 'to love' Merges with /l/ in western dialects. See Slovak phonology
Spanish[28] Andean (from Argentina to Colombia) caballo [ka̠ˈβ̞a̠.ʎo̞] 'horse' Found in traditional speakers in Peninsular Spanish. Also found in Andean countries and Paraguay. For most speakers, this sound has merged with /ʝ/, a phenomenon called yeísmo. See Spanish phonology. "Caballo" with yeísmo is pronounced [ka̠ˈβ̞a̠.ʝo̞]
Castilian, Aragonese and Catalonian outside of large cities[29]
Central areas in Extremadura
Eastern and southwestern Manchego[citation needed]
Murcian
Paraguayan[30]
Philippine
Very few areas in Andalusia
Xumi Lower[5] [ʎ̟o˩˥] 'musk deer' Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiceless /ʎ̥/.[5][6]
Upper[6] [ʎ̟ɛ˦] 'correct, right'

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Recasens (2013:2), citing Ladefoged (1997:602)
  2. ^ a b c d Recasens et al. (1993), p. 222.
  3. ^ Recasens (2013), p. 11.
  4. ^ Recasens (2013), pp. 10–13.
  5. ^ a b c Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367–368.
  6. ^ a b c Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 382–383.
  7. ^ Dedvukaj, Lindon; Ndoci, Rexhina (2023). "Linguistic variation within the Northwestern Gheg Albanian dialect". Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America. Linguistic Society of America. 8 (1): 7. doi:10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5501.
  8. ^ a b Stenson (1991), cited in Hickey (2004:71)
  9. ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 490.
  10. ^ a b c Árnason (2011), p. 115.
  11. ^ Grevisse & Goosse (2011, §33, b), Fagyal, Kibbee & Jenkins (2006:47)
  12. ^ Regueira, Xosé L. (December 1996). "Galician". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 26 (2): 119–122. doi:10.1017/S0025100300006162.
  13. ^ Arvaniti (2007), p. 20.
  14. ^ Benkő (1972), p. ?.
  15. ^ Recasens (2013), p. 10.
  16. ^ Ashby (2011:64): "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of [ʎ], creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)."
  17. ^ "Diccionario Shiwilu o Jebero (Pano-Tacanas) | PDF | Lengua española | Vocal". Scribd. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  18. ^ Crosby, Drew; Dalola, Amanda (March 2021). "Phonetic variation in the Korean liquid phoneme". Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America. 6 (1): 706–707, 711. doi:10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5002. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  19. ^ Skjekkeland (1997), pp. 105–107.
  20. ^ Teixeira et al. (2012), p. 321.
  21. ^ Stein (2011), p. 223.
  22. ^ Aragão (2009), p. 168.
  23. ^ "Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português". Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
  24. ^ Ladefoged (2005), p. 149.
  25. ^ Pop (1938), p. 30.
  26. ^ Oftedal (1956), p. ?.
  27. ^ a b Jazić (1977:?), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:188)
  28. ^ [1] Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine ALPI
  29. ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.
  30. ^ Peña Arce, Jaime (2015). "Yeísmo en el español de América. Algunos apuntes sobre su extensión" [Yeísmo in the Spanish spoken in America. Some notes on its extension]. Revista de Filología de la Universidad de la Laguna (in Spanish). 33: 175–199. Retrieved October 5, 2021.

References

This page was last edited on 20 March 2024, at 15:07
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