To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Olli Caldwell
Caldwell in 2023
NationalityUnited Kingdom British
Born (2002-06-11) 11 June 2002 (age 21)
Winchester, United Kingdom
FIA World Endurance Championship career
Debut season2021
Racing licence
FIA Gold
Car number36
Former teamsAlpine Elf Team
Starts8 (8 entries)
Wins0
Podiums0
Poles0
Fastest laps0
Best finish18th (LMP2) in 2021
Previous series
2021-2022
20202021
2019
2017–18
201718
201718
2017
2016
FIA Formula 2 Championship
FIA Formula 3 Championship
FR European Championship
Formula 4 UAE Championship
Italian F4 Championship
ADAC Formula 4
F4 British Championship
Ginetta Junior Championship

Oliver "Olli" Caldwell (born 11 June 2002) is a British racing driver previously competing for Alpine in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Inter Europol Competition in the European Le Mans Series.[1][2] He is a race winner in the FIA Formula 3, Formula Regional European, Italian F4 and ADAC Formula 4 championships and former member of the Alpine Academy.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    1 492
    5 718
    13 824
    104 492
    5 651
  • The Curious Case Of Olli Caldwell
  • JAKE & FAB vs F2 DRIVER OLLI CALDWELL ON HIS SIMULATOR!
  • F2 Driver Olli Caldwell tells us a crazy story...
  • The Rowing Challenge
  • Interviewing Formula 3 drivers at an F1 Grand Prix! (ft. Olli Caldwell)

Transcription

Career

Karting

Caldwell was born in Hampshire, and began karting in 2013 at the age of eleven.[3] Having raced in karts for four seasons, Caldwell finished third in the 2016 edition of the Rotax Euro Challenge and took part in the Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals in the same year. He later credited representing Great Britain at the latter competition, where he finished eighth and broke the then-lap record,[4] as his best moment of his five-year karting career.[5]

Ginetta Junior Championship

In 2016, Caldwell progressed into car racing, driving for JHR Developments in the second half of the Ginetta Junior Championship.[6] Having scored a rookie podium on his debut, the Brit would finish all but two of his thirteen races in the top ten, ending up 19th in the overall standings.[7]

Formula 4

F4 British Championship

Caldwell racing at the 2017 F4 British Championship

Having taken part in multiple tests of the F4 British Championship in the first half of 2017,[8][9] Caldwell made his single-seater debut at the Croft Circuit with Arden,[10] which, as he had missed the opening third of the campaign due to age requirements, made him the youngest ever participant in a British F4 race at the age of 15.[11] He competed in the series for the remainder of that year, finishing 14th with a highest finishing position of seventh, which he recorded in three separate events.[12] In addition to that, the Brit amassed a total of 14 podiums, which included five victories, in the Challenge Cup, the series' equivalent to a rookie championship.[13]

ADAC Formula 4

That same year, Caldwell made his debut in the ADAC Formula 4 Championship, driving for ADAC Berlin-Brandenburg e.V. His highest finish that year was ended up being a 17th place at the Nürburgring, as Caldwell was not classified in the standings due to his status as a guest driver.

In 2018 he made the full-time switch to Prema where he finished in 7th on 125 points,[14] scoring four podiums, with one of them being his only win of the season at Oschersleben.[15]

Italian F4 Championship

Mücke Motorsport was the team Caldwell made his Italian F4 debut for in 2017. In the fifteen races he competed in he recorded ten points, with a highest placing of sixth in the final race at Monza helping him to 11th in the standings.

In 2018 Caldwell switched to the Italian outfit Prema Powerteam, partnering Enzo Fittipaldi and Gianluca Petecof for the entire season. A slow start to the season at Adria which included a fightback to eighth in Race 3 after being sent down the order due to a first lap incident, which he labelled as "disappointing",[16] was cancelled out by two podiums, a pole position and a race win in France.[17] Three podiums from all three Monza races put Caldwell into the championship hunt, although the following two rounds only yielded one podium finish, setting his hopes of winning the title back significantly. However, a dominant weekend at the Vallelunga Circuit, where the Brit scored all three victories after qualifying on pole for every race, gave him a fighting chance for the season finale at Mugello.[18][19] Two podiums at the final round would not be enough to claim the title, as Caldwell finished third in the standings, being beaten by teammate Fittipaldi and Bhaitech driver Leonardo Lorandi.[20]

Formula 4 UAE

Caldwell competed in the F4 UAE Championship for Silberpfeil Energy Dubai in preparation for his 2018 season. He would only race in the first two rounds, winning three races and ending up seventh in the championship.[21][22]

Formula Regional European Championship

In 2019, Caldwell remained with Prema, progressing to the Formula Regional European Championship alongside Enzo Fittipaldi and Frederik Vesti.[23][24] Having started his season with a fourth-placed finish in Race 1 of Le Castellet after losing his front row advantage when teammate Fittipaldi rejoined the track after going off at turn eight, which forced Caldwell to take avoiding action which lost him a number of positions, the Brit took a lights-to-flag victory in Race 2.[25] However, Caldwell ended up being disqualified after his team had been found to have committed a technical infringement.[26] He capped off his weekend by finishing fourth in Race 3, profiting from a collision between Igor Fraga and Raúl Guzmán. At the following round in Vallelunga Caldwell experienced difficulties in qualifying, although he would recover his weekend by scoring a podium in the second race.[27] His next weekend at the Hungaroring, a circuit that Caldwell had not raced upon before, would end up being a success, as he took podiums in all three races and missed out on taking victory by the barest of margins after Vesti had experienced a technical issue at the end of the final lap in Race 3.[28] The fourth event of the year at the Red Bull Ring started off with meager results in qualifying and a disappointing seventh place in Race 1. Yet more misfortune would befall Caldwell in Race 2, as, having fought his way to second through a series of challenging overtakes, his gearbox would fail, costing him his "best chance of a win".[29]

Caldwell would bounce back after the summer break at the round in Imola, where, despite a crash in Race 3, he would score two second places in the opening two races of the weekend and win Race 4, which was held as a re-run of the cancelled third race at Vallelunga.[30] As this had been the weekend during which Formula 2 driver Anthoine Hubert had been killed at Spa-Francorchamps, Caldwell decided to dedicate his victory to the late Frenchman.[31] In Barcelona, Caldwell was fighting for a podium position in Race 1 until being forced into the gravel by Fittipaldi, which left the Brit down in seventh place.[32] Two further points finishes completed the weekend, although at the next round in Mugello Caldwell experienced his worst weekend of the season, scoring a mere three points and getting his first and only non-points finish of the season.[33] He ended his campaign with three top-eight finishes at Monza, as Caldwell finished fifth in the championship, a long way off teammates Vesti and Fittipaldi.[34]

FIA Formula 3 Championship

Macau Grand Prix

On 4 November 2019, Caldwell announced he will be racing for the Trident team at the 2019 Macau Grand Prix.[35] Caldwell qualified 17th, 1.6 seconds behind pole-sitter Jüri Vips with a time of 2:06.641. In the qualifying race Caldwell got caught up in an incident at the start where Sargeant braked later than other drivers and his front wing glanced Maini's rear-right wheel. Maini was sent into a spin and rested against a trackside wall in a way that caused his vehicle to protrude at the exit of Lisboa turn, blocking Caldwell, who lost a number of positions. In the end he finished in 23rd meaning he started the race near the back. At the start of the race Caldwell made contact with Andreas Estner and on the fourth lap, Caldwell retired from the consequences of the earlier collision that damaged his front wing and a tyre.[36]

2020

In January Caldwell was announced by Trident as one of their three drivers for the 2020 Formula 3 season, partnering the experienced pairing of David Beckmann and Lirim Zendeli.[37] The Brit had a successful start to the year, finishing in the top six in both races at the second round at Spielberg. Unfortunately, Caldwell then had to endure four successive rounds without any points, a run that included him being spun out in the feature race at Silverstone. Caldwell managed to break that streak by finishing seventh in the Barcelona feature race. His final points of the year came at the penultimate round in Monza, and he ended up 16th in the drivers' standings.

2021

Caldwell at the 2021 Spielberg Formula 3 round

Caldwell was announced to be racing for Prema Racing in the 2021 season, partnering Arthur Leclerc and Dennis Hauger.[38] He won the second race of the season in Barcelona, after he inherited the race lead when the leading pair of Hauger and Matteo Nannini collided on the penultimate lap. Caldwell held off a charging Victor Martins on the final lap to take his first F3 victory, stating afterwards that he was "over the moon with the result".[39][40] While his next round wasn't as successful, with only nine points taken from the weekend, the Brit returned to the podium at the Red Bull Ring, where he finished second in race one and third in race three, where he made his way past five cars on the way to the rostrum.[41] Caldwell's next podium finish occurred at the next race in Budapest, with him being promoted to second place after initial race winner Lorenzo Colombo received a five-second penalty.[42][43] A collision with Oliver Rasmussen in Race 2 scuppered his hopes of scoring points, although he came back to eighth place in the feature race after a string of midfield battles.[44] However, a disappointing weekend at Spa where the whole team qualified outside the top 12, a broken DRS in qualifying at Zandvoort and the decision to choose a wet-weather setup in Sochi, where the races were held in dry conditions despite the predicted rain, meant a poor last half of the season in which he didn't manage to finish on the podium.[45] Caldwell ended his campaign eighth in the drivers' standings, two places ahead of teammate Leclerc.

FIA Formula 2 Championship

2021

In November 2021 Caldwell announced that he would be joining Campos Racing to partner Ralph Boschung in the final two rounds of the FIA Formula 2 Championship.[46] Despite experiencing a difficult debut weekend the Brit stated that the jump from F3 to F2 "wasn't as big as [he] expected", but also said that he had to improve his tyre warm-up in qualifying, which had cost him "around 1-1.5 seconds".[47] After the final round of the campaign, where he set a fastest lap in the first sprint race following a late stop after a racing incident with Jake Hughes,[48] Caldwell took part in the post-season test with the Spanish team.[49]

2022

Caldwell driving the Dallara F2 2018 during the 2022 Spielberg Formula 2 round

Caldwell stepped up to Formula 2 full-time for the 2022 season, remaining with Campos and still having Boschung as his teammate,[50] whose experience Caldwell cited as being the deciding factor behind his decision of signing with the team, saying that Boschung would be "an experienced reference in the other car".[51] Having qualified 17th in the first round at Bahrain, the Brit was forced to drop out of the sprint race due to an engine issue. The following day Caldwell experienced a wretched race, as he received two penalty points and a 10-second stop-and-go penalty for being out of position on the formation lap and five penalty points for exceeding the track limits at turn 4 on six occasions, for which he received 5-second-, 10-second- and drive through penalties. The following round in Saudi Arabia once again brought 17th place in qualifying, although he once again received a penalty point coupled with a three-place grid penalty for the sprint race after he had been judged to have impeded Jüri Vips during the session. The Brit finished ahead of teammate Boschung for the first time in the sprint race after the Swiss driver had received a 20-second time penalty, and ended up just a second behind him in the feature race following the use of an alternate strategy.

Caldwell missed out on points once again at Imola, although he did end up getting his then best ever F2 result with 13th place, which he managed to reach in the following round at Barcelona. The next three rounds did not yield points either, although Caldwell was able to outqualify Boschung for the first time at his home track at Silverstone. At the Red Bull Ring in Austria however, Caldwell would get up to eleventh by the end of the race after starting from last place, which eventually became sixth place after multiple penalties ahead of him, including one for Frederik Vesti, who had overtaken Caldwell whilst off the track, had been handed out.[52] In France, he would experience a disappointing weekend despite some promising pace, as Caldwell missed out on setting his final laptime by a couple of seconds at the end of qualifying, which put him toward the back of the grid and meant only a 13th place in the feature race.[53] In the qualifying session of the following round in Hungary, Caldwell managed to qualify 13th, his best qualifying result up to that date. He ended up finishing tenth in the sprint race, however a strong feature race was undone after his fuel ran out on the final lap.[54] Near the end of the race, he also committed a track limits infringement, which earned Caldwell a twelfth penalty point, meaning that he would miss the following event at Spa-Francorchamps.[55] Following the announcement, Caldwell apologised to the team and stated that he would "come back stronger" after the summer break.[56]

On his return at Zandvoort, Caldwell outqualified teammate Boschung, but would retire from the sprint race after experiencing brake issues which caused him to go into the gravel in the first corner. He bounced back in the feature race, taking advantage of a pileup at the Safety car restart to finish ninth, having held off attacks from Jehan Daruvala throughout the final third of the race.[57][58] Following a penalty to David Beckmann, Caldwell was elevated to eighth. At the conclusion of the weekend, Caldwell was quoted as being "very happy" with his result, whilst also acknowledging the degree of good fortune that he and the team had experienced.[59] The next round at Monza would bring two retirements, as Caldwell retired from lap 1 of both races due to collisions with Tatiana Calderón and Théo Pourchaire respectively.[60] At the final round, Caldwell finished ahead of teammate Boschung in the sprint race, being classified 16th, but would retire from the feature race following a mechanical issue with a couple of laps remaining. Caldwell ended up finishing 21st in the standings with 12 points to his name. Despite this challenging season, the Briton stated that 2022 had been a "huge year" for him, owing to his opportunities with Alpine in F1.[61]

Kush Maini replaced Caldwell at Campos for the 2023 season as the Brit left the series.[62]

Formula One

In February 2022, the Alpine F1 Team announced that Caldwell would be joining the team's academy, alongside former F3 rivals Jack Doohan, Victor Martins and Caio Collet.[63] Academy director Mia Sharizman said about Caldwell that "we accept it might take a few races for [him] to adjust to [his] new surroundings, but we’re confident [he] will hit the ground running towards the second half of the season.". Caldwell himself was quoted as saying that he was "excited to join the Academy", and that the pressure added to him was "good pressure to have in order to keep pushing". On the 14 June it was confirmed that Caldwell would drive the team's 2021 car, the Alpine A521, at his home track in Silverstone in a test, taking over from Alpine reserve driver Oscar Piastri the following day.[64] Having completed a total of 485.7 kilometres of running throughout the day,[65] Caldwell commented that it had been "everything I expected and more" and thanked the Alpine F1 Team for enabling him to drive the car.[66] In November of the same year Caldwell tested the car once again, completing more than 100 laps around the Bahrain International Circuit.[67][68][69][70] At the start of 2023, it was announced that Caldwell had graduated from the Alpine Academy.[71]

Sportscar racing

GT4

At the end of 2018 Caldwell made his GT racing debut in the Gulf 12 Hours,[72] where, having taken the Race 1 win by leading after 6 Hours of the race, he took victory in the GT4 category, driving a Mercedes for Bullit Racing alongside Ian Loggie and Oleg Kharuk.[73][74][75]

GT3

In early 2020 it was confirmed that the Brit would drive alongside Marvin Kirchhöfer and Luca Ghiotto in the Bathurst 12 Hour race for R-Motorsport. However, the trio was forced to miss the race as a crash from Kirchhöfer in the second part of qualifying broke the Vantage AMR GT3 car, which forced the team to withdraw from the event.[76] Despite the premature withdrawal, Caldwell described the event as "an amazing experience".[77]

2021-22: Prototype debut

On 3 November 2021 it was announced that Caldwell would be making his debut in the FIA World Endurance Championship, driving alongside Miro Konôpka and Nelson Panciatici for the ARC Bratislava team in the 2021 8 Hours of Bahrain.[78] The trio finished the race eleventh in the LMP2 category.

The following year, Caldwell competed in the series' rookie test at Bahrain in November, driving the Richard Mille Racing Team LMP2 car during the afternoon session.[79] He ended up setting the second-fastest time of all rookies in the category.[80]

2023: Alpine LMP2 programme

For the 2023 season, Caldwell would move into the World Endurance Championship on a full-time basis, partnering the experienced pairing of André Negrão and Memo Rojas for the Alpine Elf Team in the LMP2 class.[81][82][83] In addition, he signed a factory contract with the brand's endurance racing branch in view of a potential seat in Alpine's future Hypercar line-up.[84] The campaign began disappointingly at the 1000 Miles of Sebring, where, with Negrão having qualified twelfth and last, Caldwell was forced to retire after five hours due to an electrical issue.[85] Caldwell and his teammates experienced a more positive 6 Hours of Portimão, as the Briton overtook Oliver Rasmussen during his first stint, though he lost the place during the pit stop phase. He completed a triple stint on used tyres and relinquished his car to Negrão, who was caught out due to a late race safety car, which left the team one lap down before the restart. They eventually finished eleventh and took home their first point of the season.[86][87] Caldwell would be handed qualifying duties for the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, where he managed to place himself ahead of Charles Milesi in the sister car, before contributing to take eighth on a damp track on Saturday.[88][89] Asked to sum up the season ahead of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Caldwell admitted that the campaign had proven to be "difficult", as Alpine were still trying to catch up with the frontrunning teams.[90]

The Centenary 24 Hours of Le Mans week started on the wrong foot, as Caldwell lost control at the Ford Chicanes during the first free practice session, coming back to the pits with minimal damage. Having qualified 19th in class courtesy of a lap from Negrão, wet track conditions during the opening portions of the race as well as a fortuitous pit strategy allowed the #35 to cycle towards the front just before Caldwell entered the car. Having defended fourth place against Ben Barnicoat for a number of laps, Caldwell took third place during his second stint as a result of an accident by Tom Blomqvist, which he held until pitting minutes before midnight. Laps later, with Rojas in the car, the #35 was involved in an accident with the #66 JMW Motorsport of Louis Prette and the #7 Toyota of Kamui Kobayashi, forcing the team to repair the car and serve a one-minute stop-go penalty, losing them several laps. In spite of the damage sustained to their Oreca 07, Caldwell and his teammates were able to keep things clean until the end and finished the race ninth in the LMP2 class in what Caldwell called "a positive Le Mans".[91][92]

Monza saw Caldwell take the reigns for qualifying, where he once again outqualified his teammate Milesi. In the race, a mistimed safety car period scuppered the team's chances of finishing in a high position, as Negrão brought the car home in eighth.[93]

During the same year, the Briton also raced in the European Le Mans Series with Inter Europol Competition alongside Jonathan Aberdein and Rui Andrade.[94][95] Due to an early gearbox issue during the season opener, Inter Europol were unable to start the campaign strongly, however they would bounce back at Le Castellet.[96] Caldwell qualified fourth and - in spite of a drive-through penalty caused by contact from Andrade and the team having to make an emergency fuel stop under safety car conditions - helped his team to score a podium finish in the LMP2 class.[97][98][99] At MotorLand Aragón, Caldwell managed to qualify third, missing out on pole by less than a tenth of a second, but his team's chances of a podium finish were scuppered within an hour, as Andrade, who had been running in second place, was taken out of the race by the LMGTE Ferrari of Johnny Laursen.[100] Despite fighting for the podium at Spa, Inter Europol would once again go scoreless owing to a late crash at Stavelot caused by Aberdein.[101]

At the final event in Portimão, Caldwell managed to qualify a season-best second for the race on Friday, though the team fell back early during Andrade's opening stint and eventually ended up sixth after a penalty for a driving time infringement, though they bounced back to finish fourth on Sunday.[102][103][104]

2024: Sophomore ELMS Season

Moving away from Alpine, Caldwell joined reigning ELMS champions Algarve Pro Racing for his second season in the ELMS, partnering Matthias Kaiser and title winner Alex Lynn.[105] At the season-opener in Barcelona, the Briton charged into the lead during his stint, using traffic to pass Ritomo Miyata, before a quicker pit stop ended up dropping APR back to second, the position in which they eventually finished.[106]

Personal life

As of 2022, Caldwell lives in Oxford alongside Formula One driver and Mercedes Junior Frederik Vesti.[107]

Karting record

Karting career summary

Season Series Team Position
2013 Super 1 National Championship — IAME Cadet Eclipse Motorsport NC
Super 1 National Championship — Comer Cadet 9th
2014 Super 1 National Championship — Rotax Mini Max 22nd
2015 Rotax Max Wintercup — Rotax Max Junior KR Sport NC
Super 1 National Championship — Rotax Mini Max 21st
Rotax Max Euro Challenge — Junior 33rd
2016 Rotax Max Wintercup — Rotax Max Junior KR Sport 30th
Rotax International Open — Junior 9th
BNL International Karting Series — Junior 17th
Rotax Euro Challenge — Rotax Max Junior 3rd
Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals — Junior 8th
Sources:[108][109]

Complete Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals results

Year Team Class Quali Heats Pre-Final Main race
2016 United Kingdom KR Sport 125 Junior 5th 7th 8th

Racing record

Racing career summary

Season Series Team Races Wins Poles F/Laps Podiums Points Position
2016 Ginetta Junior Championship JHR Developments 13 0 0 0 0 105 19th
2017 F4 British Championship TRS Arden Junior Racing Team 17 0 0 0 0 39 14th
Italian F4 Championship Mücke Motorsport 15 0 0 0 0 15 11th
ADAC Formula 4 Championship ADAC Berlin-Brandenburg e.V. 6 0 0 0 0 0 NC†
2017–18 Formula 4 UAE Championship Silberpfeil Energy Dubai 8 3 1 1 4 123 7th
2018 Italian F4 Championship Prema Powerteam 21 4 4 2 11 262 3rd
ADAC Formula 4 Championship 21 1 0 0 4 125 7th
Gulf 12 Hours - GT4 Bullit Racing 2 2 0 1 2 N/A 1st
2019 Formula Regional European Championship Prema Powerteam 24 1 1 0 7 213 5th
Macau Grand Prix Trident 1 0 0 0 0 N/A DNF
2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship Trident 18 0 0 0 0 18 16th
Intercontinental GT Challenge R-Motorsport 0 0 0 0 0 0 NC
2021 FIA Formula 3 Championship Prema Racing 20 1 0 1 4 93 8th
FIA World Endurance Championship - LMP2 ARC Bratislava 1 0 0 0 0 1 31st
FIA Formula 2 Championship Campos Racing 6 0 0 1 0 0 26th
2022 FIA Formula 2 Championship Campos Racing 26 0 0 0 0 12 21st
2023 FIA World Endurance Championship - LMP2 Alpine Elf Team 7 0 0 0 0 23 18th
24 Hours of Le Mans - LMP2 1 0 0 0 0 N/A 9th
European Le Mans Series - LMP2 Inter Europol Competition 6 0 0 0 1 33 7th
2024 European Le Mans Series - LMP2 Algarve Pro Racing 1 0 0 0 1 18* 2nd*

As Caldwell was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.

Complete Ginetta Junior Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Pos Points
2016 JHR Developments BRI
1
BRI
2
DON
1
DON
2
DON
3
THR
1
THR
2
OUL
1
OUL
2
CRO
1

5
CRO
2

16
CRO
3

13
SNE
1

13
SNE
2

Ret
KNO
1

15
KNO
2

10
KNO
3

10
ROC
1
ROC
2
ROC
3
SIL
1

14
SIL
2

12
SIL
3

13
BHGP
1

8
BHGP
2

11
19th 105

Complete F4 British Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pos Points
2017 TRS Arden Junior Racing Team BRI
1
BRI
2
BRI
3
DON
1
DON
2
DON
3
THR
1
THR
2
THR
3
OUL
1
OUL
2
OUL
3
CRO
1

DNP
CRO
2

10
CRO
3

12
SNE
1

7
SNE
2

8
SNE
3

8
KNO
1

9
KNO
2

C
KNO
3

13
KNO
4

9
ROC
1

12
ROC
2

7
ROC
3

Ret
SIL
1

17
SIL
2

18
SIL
3

8
BHGP
1

9
BHGP
2

7
BHGP
3

9
14th 39

Complete Italian F4 Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Pos Points
2017 Mücke Motorsport MIS
1
MIS
2
MIS
3
ADR
1
ADR
2
ADR
3
VLL
1

18
VLL
2

14
VLL
3

13
MUG1
1

11
MUG1
2

13
MUG1
3

11
IMO
1

Ret
IMO
2

19
IMO
3

14
MUG2
1

21
MUG2
2

10
MUG2
3

10
MNZ
1

11
MNZ
2

15
MNZ
3

6
11th 15
2018 Prema Theodore Racing ADR
1

7
ADR
2

4
ADR
3

8
LEC
1

1
LEC
2

8
LEC
3

2
MNZ
1

2
MNZ
2

2
MNZ
3

3
MIS
1

6
MIS
2

10
MIS
3

9
IMO
1

9
IMO
2

2
IMO
3

9
VLL
1

1
VLL
2

1
VLL
3

1
MUG
1

2
MUG
2

4
MUG
3

3
3rd 262

Complete ADAC Formula 4 Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Pos Points
2017 ADAC Berlin-Brandenburg e.V. OSC1
1
OSC1
2
OSC1
3
LAU
1
LAU
2
LAU
3
RBR
1
RBR
2
RBR
3
OSC2
1

23
OSC2
2

26
OSC2
3

22
NÜR
1

20
NÜR
2

21
NÜR
3

17
SAC
1
SAC
2
SAC
3
HOC
1
HOC
2
HOC
3
NC† 0
2018 Prema Theodore Racing OSC
1

10
OSC
2

8
OSC
3

1
HOC1
1

3
HOC1
2

15
HOC1
3

10
LAU
1

Ret
LAU
2

3
LAU
3

7
RBR
1

8
RBR
2

4
RBR
3

4
HOC2
1

Ret
HOC2
2

2
NÜR
1

Ret
NÜR
2

9
NÜR
3

7
HOC3
1

10
HOC3
2

12
HOC3
3

9
7th 125

As Caldwell was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.

Complete Gulf 12 Hours results

Year Team Class Car Qualifying 6 Hours 12 Hours
2018 France Bullit Racing GT4 Mercedes-AMG GT4 4th 1st 1st

Complete Formula Regional European Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 DC Points
2019 Prema Powerteam LEC
1

4
LEC
2

DSQ
LEC
3

4
VLL
1

8
VLL
2

3
VLL
3

C
HUN
1

3
HUN
2

3
HUN
3

2
RBR
1

7
RBR
2

Ret
RBR
3

7
IMO
1

2
IMO
2

2
IMO
3

Ret
IMO
4

1
CAT
1

7
CAT
2

6
CAT
3

4
MUG
1

9
MUG
2

11
MUG
3

10
MNZ
1

5
MNZ
2

8
MNZ
3

7
5th 213

Complete Macau Grand Prix results

Year Team Car Qualifying Quali Race Main race
2019 Italy Trident Dallara F3 2019 17th 23rd DNF

Complete FIA Formula 3 Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 DC Points
2020 Trident RBR
FEA

20
RBR
SPR

19
RBR
FEA

5‡
RBR
SPR

6
HUN
FEA

21
HUN
SPR

18
SIL
FEA

Ret
SIL
SPR

26
SIL
FEA

21
SIL
SPR

22
CAT
FEA

20
CAT
SPR

Ret
SPA
FEA

7
SPA
SPR

11
MNZ
FEA

Ret
MNZ
SPR

9
MUG
FEA

17
MUG
SPR

16
16th 18
2021 Prema Racing CAT
1

6
CAT
2

1
CAT
3

4
LEC
1

10
LEC
2

4
LEC
3

Ret
RBR
1

2
RBR
2

9
RBR
3

3
HUN
1

2
HUN
2

29
HUN
3

8
SPA
1

16
SPA
2

15
SPA
3

11
ZAN
1

10
ZAN
2

6
ZAN
3

14
SOC
1

17
SOC
2

C
SOC
3

10
8th 93

Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed.

Complete FIA Formula 2 Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 DC Points
2021 Campos Racing BHR
SP1
BHR
SP2
BHR
FEA
MCO
SP1
MCO
SP2
MCO
FEA
BAK
SP1
BAK
SP2
BAK
FEA
SIL
SP1
SIL
SP2
SIL
FEA
MNZ
SP1
MNZ
SP2
MNZ
FEA
SOC
SP1
SOC
SP2
SOC
FEA
JED
SP1

18
JED
SP2

12
JED
FEA

16
YMC
SP1

20
YMC
SP2

15
YMC
FEA

18
26th 0
2022 Campos Racing BHR
SPR

19†
BHR
FEA

17
JED
SPR

14
JED
FEA

16
IMO
SPR

17
IMO
FEA

13
CAT
SPR

13
CAT
FEA

14
MCO
SPR

16
MCO
FEA

15
BAK
SPR

19
BAK
FEA

Ret
SIL
SPR

18
SIL
FEA

17
RBR
SPR

17
RBR
FEA

6
LEC
SPR

18
LEC
FEA

13
HUN
SPR

10
HUN
FEA

20†
SPA
SPR

EX
SPA
FEA

EX
ZAN
SPR

Ret
ZAN
FEA

8
MNZ
SPR

Ret
MNZ
FEA

Ret
YMC
SPR

16
YMC
FEA

20†
21st 12

Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant Class Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rank Points
2021 ARC Bratislava LMP2 Oreca 07 Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8 SPA ALG MNZ LMS BHR BHR
11
31st 1
2023 Alpine Elf Team LMP2 Oreca 07 Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8 SEB
Ret
ALG
10
SPA
8
LMS
7
MNZ
8
FUJ
11
BHR
10
18th 23

Complete European Le Mans Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant Class Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank Points
2023 Inter Europol Competition LMP2 Oreca 07 Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8 CAT
Ret
LEC
3
ARA
Ret
SPA
Ret
POR
6
ALG
4
7th 33
2024 Algarve Pro Racing LMP2 Oreca 07 Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8 CAT LEC IMO SPA MUG ALG

24 Hours of Le Mans results

Year Team Co-Drivers Car Class Laps Pos. Class
Pos.
2023 France Alpine Elf Team Brazil André Negrão
Mexico Memo Rojas
Oreca 07-Gibson LMP2 323 19th 9th

References

  1. ^ "Olli Caldwell steps up to FIA WEC with Alpine Elf Endurance Team". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  2. ^ "Alpine announces full driver line-up for two-car WEC LMP2 attack". www.motorsport.com. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Early Years". OlliCaldwell.com. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  4. ^ "Olli Caldwell takes 8th overall in Junior Rotax World Finals". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Olli Caldwell's 5 best karting moments". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Ginetta Junior Championship | 2016 Season | Olli Caldwell". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  7. ^ "Ginetta Junior Championship". OlliCaldwell.com. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  8. ^ "Olli Caldwell completes 100 laps at British F4 Media Day". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Olli Caldwell in the top ten at Rockingham test". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Olli looks ahead to debut British F4 season". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Olli ready to make history". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  12. ^ "British F4". OlliCaldwell.com. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  13. ^ "Caldwell takes a pair of Challenge Cup victories at Brands GP Finale". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  14. ^ "Olli finishes 7th in ADAC F4 Championship". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  15. ^ "ADAC & Italian F4". OlliCaldwell.com. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  16. ^ "Olli takes trio of points scoring finishes at Adria season opener". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Olli confirmed as title contender after win and podium at Paul Ricard". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  18. ^ Sport, ACI (16 September 2018). "1, 2 and 3 Caldwell!". ACISport.it. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  19. ^ "Olli Caldwell dominates all three races in dream weekend at Vallelunga". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  20. ^ "Olli Caldwell takes Italian F4 championship podium". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  21. ^ "Two wins for Caldwell at Yas Marina!". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  22. ^ Wood, Ida (26 January 2018). "Caio Collet and Sami Taoufik to make single-seater debuts in F4 UAE". Formula Scout. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  23. ^ Suttill, Josh (11 February 2019). "Olli Caldwell remains with Prema for Formula Regional European Championship debut". Formula Scout. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  24. ^ "Olli Caldwell steps up to Formula Regional European Championship for 2019!". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  25. ^ "History repeats itself at Paul Ricard". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  26. ^ Waring, Bethonie (14 April 2019). "Frederik Vesti claims dominant victory at Paul Ricard". Formula Scout. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  27. ^ "Olli on the podium at Vallelunga". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Three podiums for Olli on Hungaroring debut!". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  29. ^ "Disappointment in Austria for Olli". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  30. ^ "Formula Regional European Championship - Imola - Caldwell wins, Blomqvist 2nd, Fraga 3rd". Federation Internationale de l'Automobile. 1 September 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  31. ^ "Top step at Imola!". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  32. ^ "Missed opportunities in Barcelona". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  33. ^ "A frustrating weekend at Mugello". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  34. ^ "How 'incomplete' Vesti was the class of Formula Regional Europe". Formula Scout. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  35. ^ @ollicaldwell64 (4 November 2019). "ANNOUNCEMENT! Super excited to announce that I will be taking part in the 66th running of the iconic Macau Grand Prix with @trident_team. Looking forward to racing the @FIAFormula3 car and seeing what I can achieve at arguably the most prestigious circuit in the world!" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 November 2019 – via Twitter.
  36. ^ "Olli impresses on Macau Grand Prix debut". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  37. ^ "Caldwell completes Trident's 2020 line-up". 12 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  38. ^ Allen, Peter (15 January 2021). "Prema signs Olli Caldwell to complete FIA F3 line-up". Formula Scout. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  39. ^ Series, F1 Feeder (11 May 2021). "Caldwell takes maiden FIA F3 victory in 'crazy race'". F1 Feeder Series. Retrieved 10 October 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ Allen, Peter (8 May 2021). "Caldwell inherits first FIA F3 win at Barcelona after two lead collisions". Formula Scout. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  41. ^ "2021 Round 3 post-Race 3 press conference". FIAFormula3® - The Official F3® Website. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  42. ^ "2021 Round 4 post-Race 1 press conference". FIAFormula3® - The Official F3® Website. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  43. ^ "RACE 1: Colombo clinches maiden victory for Campos in Race 1". FIAFormula3® - The Official F3® Website. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  44. ^ "Success and Strife for Olli in Hungary". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  45. ^ "Caldwell explains Qualifying struggles and insists he has the pace to win Race 2". FIAFormula3® - The Official F3® Website. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  46. ^ "Caldwell to race for Campos in the final two rounds of 2021 at Jeddah and Yas Marina". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  47. ^ "'Now I've got to learn Spanish!' – Caldwell enjoying life with Campos Racing as he looks to cut out Round 1 mistakes". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  48. ^ "Olli Caldwell signs off the season with 2022 already in his sights". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  49. ^ Olli Caldwell [@ollicaldwell] (14 December 2021). "Can't get rid of me that easily 😉 Ready to jump back in for three days testing with @CamposRacing" (Tweet). Retrieved 2 August 2022 – via Twitter.
  50. ^ "Olli Caldwell volverá a correr para Campos Racing". Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  51. ^ "Caldwell on his injured teammate Boschung: 'I don't think it helped team morale'". F1 Feeder Series. 25 July 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  52. ^ "Olli Caldwell climbs 16 places to score his first F2 points". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  53. ^ "Olli Caldwell shows strong pace at Paul Ricard". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  54. ^ "Positive pace and momentum for Olli in Hungary". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  55. ^ Allen, Peter (31 July 2022). "Alpine junior Caldwell picks up F2 ban for Spa". Formula Scout. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  56. ^ Olli Caldwell [@ollicaldwell] (31 July 2022). "I'm frustrated that a lot of the points were for minor things but it's my job to handle those and I can only accept the stewards decision" (Tweet). Retrieved 2 August 2022 – via Twitter.
  57. ^ "Olli bounces back to point-scoring form at Zandvoort". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  58. ^ "Campos Racing". www.camposracing.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  59. ^ "Caldwell: Salvaging Feature Race points beyond my expectations". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  60. ^ "Campos Racing". www.camposracing.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  61. ^ "Olli Caldwell completes 2022 season of F1 testing and F2 development". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  62. ^ "Campos Racing signs Kush Maini to complete 2023 line-up". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. 22 November 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  63. ^ "Alpine Academy announces four driver roster including Olli Caldwell and Jack Doohan for 2022 | Formula 1®". www.formula1.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  64. ^ "Caldwell set for maiden F1 test run with Alpine". Motorsport Week. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  65. ^ "Caldwell gets first taste of F1 in Alpine test at Silverstone". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  66. ^ Hensby, Paul (17 June 2022). "Olli Caldwell Enjoys Maiden Formula 1 Test at Silverstone with Alpine Academy". The Checkered Flag. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  67. ^ "Over 100 laps done and I'm speechless". Twitter. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  68. ^ "Olli Caldwell successfully completes his second F1 Test with BWT Alpine F1 Team". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  69. ^ "Caldwell: 'Confidence-boosting' Alpine tests have set me up well for Abu Dhabi". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. 9 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  70. ^ "Formula 1 BWT Alpine testing for Farnham driver Olli Caldwell | farnhamherald.com". Farnham Herald. 8 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  71. ^ "Alpine Academy announce biggest ever line-up for 2023". Formula 1. 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  72. ^ "Gulf 12 Hours - Our team caught up with Bullitt Racing..." www.facebook.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  73. ^ Lloyd, Daniel (15 December 2018). "Kessel Racing Wins After Leading McLaren Hits Trouble – Sportscar365". sportscar365.com. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  74. ^ "Olli Caldwell Added To ARC Bratislava Roster For WEC Finale | dailysportscar.com". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  75. ^ Racing, Bullitt (16 December 2018). "Gulf 12 hours Champions!". Bullitt Racing. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  76. ^ "Mount Panorama Claims Record Number Of Pre-Race Victims | dailysportscar.com". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  77. ^ "Olli's trip down under". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  78. ^ "Olli Caldwell Added To ARC Bratislava Roster For WEC Finale | dailysportscar.com". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  79. ^ Lloyd, Daniel (13 November 2022). "Armstrong, Caldwell Among Additions to Rookie Test Entry – Sportscar365". sportscar365.com. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  80. ^ Dagys, John (13 November 2022). "Jakobsen Quickest Rookie in Bahrain Test – Sportscar365". sportscar365.com. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  81. ^ "The two Alpine trios completed for the 2023 season". Endurance Info. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  82. ^ Lloyd, Daniel (6 February 2023). "Alpine Confirms Driver Lineup for Transition Season in LMP2 – Sportscar365". sportscar365.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  83. ^ "Alpine Elf Endurance Team Reveal 2023 Drivers | dailysportscar.com". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  84. ^ Lloyd, Daniel (24 March 2023). "Alpine "Preparing for Future" With LMP2 Driver Lineup – Sportscar365". sportscar365.com. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  85. ^ "WEC / 1000 Miles de Sebring H+6 – La Ferrari 499 n°51 impliquée dans un accrochage". Endurance Info (in French). Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  86. ^ "Olli completes a strong triple stint at the 6 Hours of Portimão". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  87. ^ "Wec News: Alpine Elf Endurance Team Put to The Test in Portimão". www.alpinecars.de. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  88. ^ "Olli impresses in his first WEC qualifying ahead of a difficult race for the Alpine Elf Squad". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  89. ^ "Wec News: Points And Improvements For Alpine Elf Endurance Team At Spa". www.alpinecars.de. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  90. ^ "Oliver Caldwell veut briller au Mans pour ses débuts avec Alpine". Endurance Info (in French). Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  91. ^ "Olli Caldwell impresses on his Le Mans debut in the Centenary Event". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  92. ^ "Wec News: Alpine's Determination Shines With A Double Heroic Comeback In The 24H". www.alpinecars.de. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  93. ^ "Olli impresses with best qualifying pace of the season". www.ollicaldwell.com. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  94. ^ "Inter Europol Confirm ELMS Line-ups In LMP2 & LMP3 | dailysportscar.com". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  95. ^ "Inter Europol Competition confirm 2023 ELMS drivers - ELMS". www.europeanlemansseries.com. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  96. ^ "Inter Europol Competition - First race, first podium for Inter Europol Competition in 2023 European Le Mans Series". Inter Europol Competition. 23 April 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  97. ^ Euwema, Davey (16 July 2023). "Algarve Pro Takes Dramatic Paul Ricard Victory – Sportscar365". sportscar365.com. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  98. ^ "Algarve Pro Racing Wins 4H Le Castellet After Nail-Biting Finale | dailysportscar.com". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  99. ^ "Inter Europol Competition - Persistence pays dividends for Inter Europol Competition in the 4 Hours of Le Castellet". Inter Europol Competition. 16 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  100. ^ "Inter Europol Competition - A tough week for IEC in European Le Mans at Motorland Aragon". Inter Europol Competition. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  101. ^ "Algarve Pro Racing Wins Incident-Packed 4H Spa *UPDATED*". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  102. ^ Euwema, Davey (20 October 2023). "Allen Storms to 4H Algarve Pole – Sportscar365". sportscar365.com. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  103. ^ "Inter Europol Competition - Inter Europol Competition wrap up the ELMS campaigns with P4 in both classes". Inter Europol Competition. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  104. ^ "ELMS Grand Finale: Saturday Paddock Notes". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  105. ^ Cox, Sam (8 December 2023). "Champion Algarve Pro Racing team confirms drivers for European Le Mans Series title defence". Algarve Pro Racing. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  106. ^ "COOL Racing Beats APR To 4H Barcelona Win". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  107. ^ "Keeping fit, karting and pineapple on pizza: Getting to know the real Frederik Vesti". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  108. ^ kartcom (14 February 2015). "Caldwell Olli" (in French). Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  109. ^ "Olli Caldwell | Racing career profile | Driver Database". www.driverdb.com. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

External links

This page was last edited on 14 April 2024, at 15:10
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.