Northumberland, New Hampshire

Northumberland, New Hampshire
Town
Covered bridge over the Upper Ammonoosuc River
Location in Coös County, New Hampshire
Coordinates: 44°33′48″N 71°33′31″W / 44.56333°N 71.55861°W / 44.56333; -71.55861
Country	United States
State	New Hampshire
County	Coös
Incorporated	1779
Villages	Groveton Northumberland
Government
• Board of Selectmen	William Caron, Chair James Tierney James Weagle
Area ^[1]
• Total	36.78 sq mi (95.25 km²)
• Land	35.69 sq mi (92.43 km²)
• Water	1.09 sq mi (2.82 km²) 2.96%
Elevation	860 ft (260 m)
Population (2020)^[2]
• Total	2,126
• Density	60/sq mi (23.0/km²)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	03582 (Groveton/Northumberland) 03584 (Lancaster)
Area code	603
FIPS code	33-56100
GNIS feature ID	0873688
Website	www.northumberlandnh.org

Northumberland is a town located in western Coös County, New Hampshire, United States, north of Lancaster. It is part of the Berlin, NH–VT micropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 2,126,^[2] of whom 1,068 lived in the village of Groveton.

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History

North of the mountain ridge known as Cape Horn, near the Connecticut River, are the remains of Fort Wentworth, built by the New Hampshire Militia in 1755 during the French and Indian War. The town was granted as "Stonington" in 1761 to John Hogg and others by Governor Benning Wentworth, and first settled in 1767 by Thomas Burnside and Daniel Spaulding. Burnside was a member of Rogers' Rangers.

The land was regranted by Governor John Wentworth in 1771 as "Northumberland", the name derived from Northumberland in England. The town was incorporated November 16, 1779.^[3] In 1797 the town voted to construct a meeting house, which was completed in 1799. The structure can still be found alongside U.S. Route 3.^[4]

Groveton is the northern terminus of a railroad track owned by the New Hampshire & Vermont Railroad, where it intersects the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad. This was formerly the junction of the Grand Trunk Railway and the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad—a major point of access for the northern White Mountains.^[5]

The area was once known for its large corn and potato crop, starch mills, and manufacturing (leather, shoe pegs). More recently, the town economy centered on the lumber industry. That changed in 2007, however, when the Wausau Paper mill closed, eliminating 300 jobs.^[6]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.8 square miles (95.3 km²), of which 35.7 square miles (92.4 km²) are land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km²) are water, comprising 2.96% of the town.^[1] The Connecticut River, which forms the New Hampshire–Vermont border, runs along the western edge of town. The Upper Ammonoosuc River runs through town in a southwesterly direction to the Connecticut and is crossed by a covered bridge at Groveton.

There are several mountains in town, including Morse Mountain (1,880 ft or 570 m above sea level), Cape Horn (2,040 ft or 620 m), Moore Mountain (1,522 ft or 464 m), and Spaulding Hill (1,220 ft or 370 m). The town's highest point is 2,860 feet (870 m) above sea level on a spur of the Pilot Range on the town's eastern boundary.

Cape Horn State Forest is located in the central portion of the town boundaries.

The nucleus of Northumberland (outside of Groveton) is arranged along US 3, which runs along the Connecticut River. Route 110 intersects US 3 in Northumberland and runs east toward adjacent Stark.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1790	117	—
1800	205	75.2%
1810	281	37.1%
1820	205	−27.0%
1830	342	66.8%
1840	399	16.7%
1850	429	7.5%
1860	736	71.6%
1870	955	29.8%
1880	1,062	11.2%
1890	1,356	27.7%
1900	1,977	45.8%
1910	2,184	10.5%
1920	2,567	17.5%
1930	2,360	−8.1%
1940	2,740	16.1%
1950	2,779	1.4%
1960	2,586	−6.9%
1970	2,493	−3.6%
1980	2,520	1.1%
1990	2,492	−1.1%
2000	2,438	−2.2%
2010	2,288	−6.2%
2020	2,126	−7.1%
U.S. Decennial Census^[2]^[7]

As of the census^[8] of 2000, there were 2,438 people, 989 households, and 666 families residing in the town. The population density was 67.4 people per square mile (26.0 people/km²). There were 1,112 housing units at an average density of 30.7 per square mile (11.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.44% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.33% Asian, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.53% of the population.

There were 989 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,570, and the median income for a family was $34,444. Males had a median income of $33,281 versus $19,464 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,101. About 9.4% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

Groveton Covered Bridge

Notable person

William E. Holyoke (1868–1934), US Navy sailor; recipient of the Medal of Honor

References

^ ^a ^b "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Northumberland town, Coos County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
^ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 605–606. coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
^ 1761 Our Bicentennial Year 1961 Northumberland, New Hampshire. Coos County Democrat. 1961.
^ History of Northumberland, Coos County, New Hampshire Archived 2008-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Groveton paper mill to close, 300 jobs lost". Associated Press. October 23, 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2008.^{[dead link]}
^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

External links

v t e Municipalities and communities of Coös County, New Hampshire, United States
County seat: Lancaster
City	Berlin	Map of New Hampshire highlighting Coos County
Towns	Carroll Clarksville Colebrook Columbia Dalton Dummer Errol Gorham Jefferson Lancaster Milan Northumberland Pittsburg Randolph Shelburne Stark Stewartstown Stratford Whitefield
Townships	Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant Bean's Grant Bean's Purchase Cambridge Chandler's Purchase Crawford's Purchase Cutt's Grant Dix's Grant Dixville Erving's Location Green's Grant Hadley's Purchase Kilkenny Low and Burbank's Grant Martin's Location Millsfield Odell Pinkham's Grant Sargent's Purchase Second College Grant Success Thompson and Meserve's Purchase Wentworth Location
CDPs	Colebrook Gorham Groveton Lancaster West Stewartstown Whitefield
Other communities	Beatties Bretton Woods Cascade Dixville Notch North Stratford Paris Tinkerville Twin Mountain
New Hampshire portal United States portal

Connecticut River watershed

Tributaries

Connecticut	Blackledge River Coginchaug River Connecticut River Duck River Eightmile River Falls River Farmington River Hockanum River Hubbard River Jeremy River Lieutenant River Mattabesset River Nepaug River Pameacha Creek Park River Pequabuck River Salmon River Scantic River
Massachusetts	Burnshirt River Chapel Brook Chicopee River Connecticut River Cranberry River Deerfield River East Brookfield River Farmington River Fall River Five Mile River Green River Hubbard River Manhan River Mill River (Northampton) Mill River (Springfield) Millers River Mirey Brook North Branch Millers River North Branch Westfield River North River Otter River Quaboag River Scantic River Seven Mile River Tarbell Brook Ware River Westfield River
New Hampshire	Ammonoosuc River Ashuelot River Blow-me-down Brook The Branch Cold River Connecticut River East Branch Mohawk River Gale River Great Brook Halls Stream Ham Branch Indian River Indian Stream Israel River Johns River Knox River Little River Little Sugar River Mascoma River Millers River Mink Brook Mirey Brook Mohawk River Nash Stream North Branch Gale River North Branch Millers River North Branch Sugar River North Branch Upper Ammonoosuc River Oliverian Brook Otter Brook Partridge Brook Perry Stream Phillips Brook Simms Stream South Branch Ashuelot River South Branch Gale River South Branch Israel River South Branch Sugar River Stocker Brook Sugar River Tarbell Brook Upper Ammonoosuc River West Branch Mohawk River West Branch Upper Ammonoosuc River Wild Ammonoosuc River Zealand River
Vermont	Black River Connecticut River Deerfield River Fall River Green River Halls Stream Leach Creek Moose River Nulhegan River Ompompanoosuc River Ottauquechee River Passumpsic River Rock River Saxtons River Utley Brook Waits River Wells River West River Whetstone Brook White River Williams River Winhall River

Lakes

Connecticut	Barkhamsted Reservoir Lake Beseck Lake Hayward Lake Pocotopaug
Massachusetts	Brooks Pond Browning Pond Lake Monomonac Quabbin Reservoir Lake Wyola
New Hampshire	Ashuelot Pond Back Lake Canaan Street Lake Cedar Pond Christine Lake Comerford Reservoir Connecticut Lakes Crystal Lake Dublin Pond Eastman Pond Echo Lake Lake Francis (Murphy Dam) Goose Pond Grafton Pond Granite Lake Lakes of the Clouds Little Sunapee Lake Mascoma Lake McIndoes Reservoir Lake Monomonac Moore Reservoir Pearly Lake Silver Lake Spofford Lake Lake Sunapee Surry Mountain Lake Lake Tarleton
Vermont	Ball Mountain Lake Comerford Reservoir Harriman Reservoir Harvey's Lake McIndoes Reservoir Moore Reservoir North Hartland Lake Lake Rescue Townshend Lake

Towns

Connecticut	Chester Cromwell Deep River East Haddam East Hampton East Hartford East Windsor Enfield Essex Glastonbury Haddam Hartford Higganum Lyme Middletown Moodus Old Lyme Old Saybrook Portland Rocky Hill South Windsor Suffield Thompsonville Wethersfield Windsor Windsor Locks
Massachusetts	Agawam Chicopee Deerfield Easthampton Gill Greenfield Hadley Hatfield Holyoke Longmeadow Millers Falls Montague Northampton Northfield South Hadley Springfield Sunderland Turners Falls West Springfield Whately
New Hampshire	Bath Charlestown Chesterfield Claremont Clarksville Colebrook Columbia Cornish Dalton Groveton Hanover Haverhill Hinsdale Lancaster Lebanon Littleton Lyme Monroe Northumberland Orford Piermont Pittsburg Plainfield Stewartstown Stratford Walpole West Lebanon Westmoreland Woodsville
Quebec	East Hereford
Vermont	Ascutney Barnet Beecher Falls Bellows Falls Bloomfield Bradford Brattleboro Brunswick Canaan Concord Dummerston Fairlee Gilman Guildhall Hartford Hartland Lemington Lunenburg Maidstone Newbury Norwich Putney Rockingham Ryegate Springfield Thetford Vernon Waterford Weathersfield Wells River Westminster White River Junction Wilder Windsor

Crossings

This page was last edited on 13 March 2024, at 23:05

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