The Nernst lamp was an early form of incandescent lamp.
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Transcription
Ok, what we have here is an induction lamp This lamp is actually a fluorescent lamp, it just works on a different principle than your standard fluorescents, there is no electrodes or cathodes inside the lamp, there is no electrical connection inside the lamp at all this particular specamin is a Philips QL 55 watt, and if you look up inside the bottom of the lamp there is really nothing there, just a hole up inside, and on this little tip here is a reservoir of mercury because they do have to have mercury to generate light because they are a fluorescent source and this piece, the center piece, is actually an antenna, and it fits up inside the lamp and what it does is, it's connected to an electronic power supply, which is a type of ballast that gives off radio frequency radiation, electromagnetic radiation and when it passes through the bulb to where the mercury vapor is it excites the gas and the mercury vapor and makes it glow, the mercury vaporizes into the gas produces UV light and makes the phosphor glow, just like any fluorescent, it just does it without electrodes It has a great advantage because the bulb can't go bad unless it's broken, over time the phosphors will degrade some with use so their color will shift a little, and their light output will drop a little but the bulb can last many 100s of thousands of hours, the antenna seldom goes bad the electronics that run it sometimes do go bad, the ballasts do fail, so this is the most likely part to need replacement. This particular model is Chinese one, that has a bulb, and around the bulb is an external antenna instead of one up inside and this one has a socket that is plugs into, which allows you to replace this if it ever goes bad which is a nice feature INVENTORS
Construction
Nernst lamps did not use a glowing tungsten filament. Instead, they used a ceramic rod that was heated to incandescence. Because the rod (unlike tungsten wire) would not further oxidize when exposed to air, there was no need to enclose it within a vacuum or noble gas environment; the burners in Nernst lamps could operate exposed to the air and were only enclosed in glass to isolate the hot incandescent emitter from its environment. A ceramic of zirconium oxide – yttrium oxide was used as the glowing rod.[1]
Efficiency
Developed by the German physicist and chemist Walther Nernst in 1897 at the University of Göttingen, these lamps were about twice as efficient as carbon-filament lamps and emitted a more "natural" light (more similar in spectrum to daylight). The lamps were quite successfully marketed for a time, although they eventually lost out to the more efficient tungsten-filament incandescent light bulb. One disadvantage of the Nernst design was that the ceramic rod was not electrically conductive at room temperature, so the lamps needed a separate heater filament to heat the ceramic sufficiently to begin conducting electricity.
Manufacturing
In the U.S., Nernst sold the patent to George Westinghouse, who founded the Nernst Lamp Company at Pittsburgh in 1901. Minerals for the production of the glowers were extracted from the company's own mines at the legendary Barringer Hill, Texas (since 1937 submerged beneath the waters of Lake Buchanan). By 1904 a total of over 130,000 Nernst lamps had been placed in service throughout the country.
In Europe, the lamps were produced by the German Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG, General Electricity Company) at Berlin. At the 1900 World's Fair held in Paris, the pavilion of the AEG was illuminated by 800 Nernst lamps, which was said to be quite spectacular at the time.
Scientific use
In addition to their usage for ordinary electric illumination, Nernst lamps were used in one of the first practical long-distance photoelectric facsimile (fax) systems, designed by professor Arthur Korn in 1902, and in Allvar Gullstrand's original slit lamp (1911) which is used for ophthalmology to allow physicians to view the inside of a patient's eye and contributed to Gullstrand's Nobel Prize award.[2]
Even after Nernst lamps became obsolete as visible lamps, "Nernst glowers" continue to be used as the infrared-emitting source used in IR spectroscopy devices. Their emission of infrared makes them inefficient as visible light sources, but perfect for IR spectroscopy applications. [3] Silicon carbide Globars now compete for this purpose as they are conductive even at room temperature and therefore need no preheating.[citation needed]
See also
- Globar, a silicon carbide rod used as thermal light source for infrared spectroscopy
- List of light sources
References
- ^ Allan Mills, "The Nernst Lamp. Electrical Conductivity in Non-Metallic Materials". eRittenhouse, vol. 24, no. 1, June 2013.
- ^ Ehinger, Berndt; Grzybowski, Andrzej (2012). "Allvar Gullstrand (1862-1930)--the gentleman with the lamp". Acta Ophthalmologica. 89 (8): 701–708. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02235.x. ISSN 1755-3768. PMID 22026737.
- ^ "Newport Oriel Spectral Irradiance Product Training" (PDF). Newport Corporation. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
External links
- "Nernst Lamp". Archived from the original on 2017-06-27.
- "120 Year Old Rare Nernst Lamps". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. - video showing the lamp in operation.
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This page was last edited on 15 January 2024, at 13:30