| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
(1-Chloro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzene | |
| Other names
(Chloro-tert-butyl)benzene
| |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.453 |
| EC Number |
|
PubChem CID
|
|
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C10H13Cl | |
| Molar mass | 168.663 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 1.047 g/cm3 |
| Boiling point | 223 °C (433 °F; 496 K) |
| organic solvents | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling:[1] | |
| |
| Warning | |
| H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Neophyl chloride, C6H5C(CH3)2CH2Cl, is a halogenated organic compound with unusual nucleophilic substitution properties. Neophyl chloride is used to form a versatile organolithium reagent, neophyl lithium, by reaction with lithium.[2][3]
Preparation
Neophyl chloride was first synthesized[citation needed] by Haller and Ramart from neophyl alcohol by a nucleophilic substitution reaction, using thionyl chloride as the chlorinating agent:[4]
- C6H5C(CH3)2CH2OH + SOCl2 → C6H5C(CH3)2CH2Cl + HCl + SO2
It is easily prepared on a large scale from benzene and methallyl chloride by an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, using sulfuric acid as the catalyst:[4] The reaction is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
- H2C=C(CH3)CH2Cl + C6H6 → C6H5C(CH3)2CH2Cl
It can also be prepared by free radical halogenation of tert-butylbenzene, using various chlorine donors.[4]
Reactions and applications
Neophyl chloride can be used to form an organolithium reagent, neophyl lithium, by reaction with lithium. Organolithium reagents are useful due to their nucleophilic properties and their ability to form carbon-to-carbon bonds, like in reactions with carbonyls.
- C6H5C(CH3)2CH2Cl + 2Li → C6H5C(CH3)2CH2Li + LiCl
Neophyl chloride is of interest to organic chemists due to its substitution properties. Neophyl chloride is a neopentyl halide which means it is subject to the neopentyl effect. This effect makes SN2 nucleophilic substitution highly unlikely because of steric interactions due to the branching of the β-carbon. No rotamer of the molecule would allow a backside attack of the α carbon.
β-Hydride elimination also does not occur with neophyl derivatives as this group lacks hydrogens at the β positions. These factors make neophyl chloride a precursor to intermediates that resist common substitution and elimination reactions.
References
- ^ "Neophyl chloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- ^ Lide, R. D. (2003). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. p. 590. ISBN 0-8493-0595-0.
- ^ Streitwieser, Andrew; Heathcock, Clayton H. (1985). Introduction to Organic Chemistry (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan Co. ISBN 0-02-946720-9.
- ^ a b c W. T. Smith, Jr. and J. T. Sellas (1963). "Neophyl chloride". Organic Syntheses.
This page was last edited on 31 May 2023, at 17:36