National State Assembly | |
---|---|
Sri Lanka | |
Type | |
Type | |
History | |
Established | 22 May 1972 |
Disbanded | 7 September 1978 |
Preceded by | Parliament of Ceylon |
Succeeded by | Parliament of Sri Lanka |
Seats | 151 (1972-1977) 168 (1977-1978) |
Elections | |
Last election | 1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election |
Meeting place | |
The State Council building in Galle Face Green, Colombo. The building was used by the State Council's successors (the House of Representatives of Ceylon, National State Assembly, and Parliament of Sri Lanka) until 1982. Today it is known as the Old Parliament Building and houses the Presidential Secretariat. |
The National State Assembly (NSA) was the legislative body of Sri Lanka established in May 1972 under the First Republican Constitution. The assembly was introduced by Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike under the United Front Government replacing the Parliament of Ceylon, a bicameral arrangement set up with the Soulbury Commission.[1]
The major changes were an increase in the authority of the government, described as "a vehicle for the sovereignty of the people". It gave the government the power to act without constitutional restraints, with the courts having no rights to question the validity of the laws passed by the assembly.[1][2] All laws passed by the NSA were valid until repealed by the assembly itself. The assembly saw the introduction of socialist principles and a constitutional foundation to the pre-eminent position of Sinhala and Buddhism. Both the judiciary and Civil Service came under political control.[2] The assembly was unicameral and initially consisted of the 151 elected members of its predecessor the House of Representatives, as the Senate had been abolished in 1971. The first amendment to the current constitution was to increase the number of members to 168.
The current Constitution of Sri Lanka, adopted on 7 September 1978, replaced the National State Assembly with the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
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Transcription
Have you ever wondered who has the authority to make laws or punish people who break them? When we think of power in the United States, we usually think of the President, but he does not act alone. In fact, he is only one piece of the power puzzle and for very good reason. When the American Revolution ended in 1783, the United States government was in a state of change. The founding fathers knew that they did not want to establish another country that was ruled by a king, so the discussions were centered on having a strong and fair national government that protected individual freedoms and did not abuse its power. When the new constitution was adopted in 1787, the structure of the infant government of the United States called for three separate branches, each with their own powers, and a system of checks and balances. This would ensure that no one branch would ever become too powerful because the other branches would always be able to check the power of the other two. These branches work together to run the country and set guidelines for us all to live by. The legislative branch is described in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. Many people feel that the founding fathers put this branch in the document first because they thought it was the most important. The legislative branch is comprised of 100 U.S. Senators and 435 members in the U.S. House of Representatives. This is better known as the U.S. Congress. Making laws is the primary function of the legislative branch, but it is also responsible for approving federal judges and justices, passing the national budget, and declaring war. Each state gets two Senators and some number of Representatives, depending on how many people live in that state. The executive branch is described in Article 2 of the Constitution. The leaders of this branch of government are the President and Vice President, who are responsible for enforcing the laws that Congress sets forth. The President works closely with a group of advisors, known as the Cabinet. These appointed helpers assist the President in making important decisions within their area of expertise, such as defense, the treasury, and homeland security. The executive branch also appoints government officials, commands the armed forces, and meets with leaders of other nations. All that combined is a lot of work for a lot of people. In fact, the executive branch employs over 4 million people to get everything done. The third brand of the U.S. government is the judicial branch and is detailed in Article 3. This branch is comprised of all the courts in the land, from the federal district courts to the U.S. Supreme Court. These courts interpret our nation's laws and punish those who break them. The highest court, the Supreme Court, settles disputes among states, hears appeals from state and federal courts, and determines if federal laws are constitutional. There are nine justices on the Supreme Court, and, unlike any other job in our government, Supreme Court justices are appointed for life, or for as long as they want to stay. Our democracy depends on an informed citizenry, so it is our duty to know how it works and what authority each branch of government has over its citizens. Besides voting, chances are that some time in your life you'll be called upon to participate in your government, whether it is to serve on a jury, testify in court, or petition your Congress person to pass or defeat an idea for a law. By knowning the branches, who runs them, and how they work together, you can be involved, informed, and intelligent.
List of Parliaments
# | Parliament | Began | Session | Session opened |
Session adjourned |
Ended | Duration[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 1st<br/>National State Assembly | 22 May 1972 | 1 | 22 May 1972 | 10 February 1977 | 10 February 1977 | 4 years 11 months 26 days |
11 | 2nd<br/>National State Assembly | 4 August 1977 | 1 | 4 August 1977 | 7 September 1978 | 7 September 1978 | 1 year 1 month 3 days |
Members
Speakers
- Stanley Tillekeratne (1972–77)[4]
- Anandatissa de Alwis (1977–78)[4]
Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees
- I. A. Cader (1972–77)[5]
- Mohammed Abdul Bakeer Markar (1977–78)[5]
See also
References
- "CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS SINCE INDEPENDENCE". The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
- ^ a b Gunawardena, Charles A. (2005). Encyclopedia of Sri Lanka. Sterling Publishers. p. 256. ISBN 9781932705485.
- ^ a b Peebles, Patrick (2006). The History of Sri Lanka. 124: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313332050.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ "Duration of Parliament". Parliament.lk. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
- ^ a b "Speakers". Handbook of Parliament. Parliament of Sri Lanka.
- ^ a b "Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees". Handbook of Parliament. Parliament of Sri Lanka.