Nanke (Fujiwara)

Fujiwara Nanke 藤原南家
Mon: Sagarifuji
Home province	Yamato Province, Yamashiro Province
Parent house	Fujiwara clan
Titles	Various
Founder	Fujiwara no Muchimaro
Founding year	8th century
Cadet branches	Kudō Itō Nikaidō Sagara Kikkawa Numerous others

The Nanke (藤原南家, Fujiwara Nanke, lit. southern house of Fujiwara) was a cadet branch of the Fujiwara clan. It was founded by Fujiwara no Muchimaro.^[1] Muchimaro had three brothers: Fusasaki, Maro and Umakai. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.^[2]

The name Nanke ("southern house") comes from the fact that Muchimaro's mansion was located south of the mansion of his younger brother. The Nanke served in the imperial court, but many of Fujiwara no Tamenori's descendants later became samurai families such as Itō, Nikaidō, Sagara and Kudō.^[3]

Nara period

The founder of Fujiwara Nanke, Fujiwara no Muchimaro, was the eldest son of Fujiwara no Fuhito. Shortly after the beginning of Nara period, Muchimaro became the head of Ministry of Civil Services in 718. When Fuhito died in 720, Prince Nagaya was at the highest rank in the state government. Prince Nagaya was grandson of Emperor Tenmu, but not a son of Fujiwara family, he was therefore seen as a threat by Muchimaro and his three brothers. After successfully removing Prince Nagaya in 729, Muchimaro rose to Dainagon, "Counselor of the first rank". In 734, he was promoted to Udaijin or "Minister of the Right", and in 737, he was made Sadaijin or "Minister of the Left".^[4]

Nanke further prospered in the Nara period as Nakamaro, the second son of Muchimaro, gained the trust of Empress Kōken and was given the name Emi no Oshikatsu.^[5]

Tachibana no Naramaro, who was unhappy about Nakamaro's monopolization of power, plotted a conspiracy to replace Nakamaro and to overthrow the Empress, but Nakamaro settled the rebellion and established dictatorship. However, Nakamaro was killed during Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion after he attempted to overthrow the Imperial Family and become the emperor, after which Hokke replaced Nanke as the leading house of Fujiwara.^[5]

Notable members

Family tree

Fujiwara family tree

Kamatari^[6]
614–669

Fuhito^[7]
659–720

NANKE branch

HOKKE branch

SHIKIKE branch

KYŌKE branch

Muchimaro^[7]
680–737

Fusasaki^[7]
681–737

Umakai^[7]
694–737

Maro^[7]
695–737

Toyonari^[8]
704–766

Nakamaro^[8]
706–764

Otomaro^[9]

Nagate^[10]
714–771

Matate^[9]
715–766

Uona^[11]
721–783

Kaedemaro^[12]
723–776

Yoshitsugu^[13]
716–777

Tamaro^[14]
722–783

Momokawa^[15]
732–779

Hamanari^[16]
724–790

Tsuginawa^[17]
727–796

Korekimi^[18]
727–789

Uchimaro^[19]
756–812

Sonohito^[17]
756–819

Otsugu^[17]
774–843

Fuyutsugu^[20]
775–826

Nagara^[6]
802–826

Yoshifusa^[6]
804–872

Yoshiyo^[21]
823–900

Mototsune^[22]
836–891

Tokihira^[23]^[17]
871–909

Tadahira^[17]
880–949

Saneyori^[17]
900–970

Morosuke^[17]
909–960

Yoritada^[24]
924–989

Koretada^[17]
924–972

Yoritada^[17]^[25]
925–977

Kaneie^[17]^[24]
929–990

Michitaka^[26]^[27]
953–995

Michikane^[27]
961–995

Michinaga^[28]
966–1028

Yorimichi^[29]^[30]
992–1074

Norimichi^[31]
996–1075

Morozane^[32]
1042–1101

Moromichi^[33]
1062–1099

Tadazane^[34]
1075–1162

Tadamichi^[35]
1097–1164

Yorinaga^[36]
1120–1156

Konoe
Family

Matsudono<br/>Family

Kujō
Family

Konoe Motozane^[37]
1143–1166

Matsudono Motofusa^[38]
1144?–1231

Kujō Kanezane^[35]
1149–1207

Konoe Motomichi^[21]^[39]
1160–1233

Matsudono Moroie^[38]
1172–1238

Kujō Yoshitsune^[40]
1169–1206

Konoe Iezane^[39]
1179–1242

Kujō Michiie^[40]
1193–1252

Takatsukasa
Family

Nijō
Family

Ichijō
Family

Konoe Kanetsune^[41]
1210–1259

Takatsukasa Kanehira^[42]
1228–1294

Kujō Norizane^[43]
1211–1235

Nijō Yoshizane^[44]
1216–1271

Ichijō Sanetsune^[45]
1223–1284

Notes

In the 13th century, the main line of the Fujiwara family split into "Five regent houses": the Kujō, Nijō and Ichijō (descendants of Kanezane); and also the Konoe and Takatsukasa (descendants of Motozane). To view the complete family tree, visit Fujiwara family tree.

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric et al. (2005). "Fujiwara no Muchimaro" at Japan Encyclopedia, p. 207, p. 207, at Google Books.
^ Brinkley, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
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^ My Pedia. Japan: Heibonsha. 1995. Fujiwara no Muchimaro. ISBN 9784582096316.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
^ ^a ^b Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
^ ^a ^b 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
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^ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
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^ Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
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^ Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
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Notes

References

Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

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Nara period

Notable members

Family tree

See also

Notes

References