American military operations other than war (MOOTW) focus on deterring war, resolving conflict, promoting peace, and supporting civil authorities in response to domestic crises.
In United States military doctrine, military operations other than war includes the use of military capabilities across a range of operations that fall short of war. Because of political considerations, MOOTW operations normally have more restrictive rules of engagement (ROE) than in war.
MOOTW not involving the use or threat of force include humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, arms control and peacekeeping.
YouTube Encyclopedic
-
1/3Views:3 650 486731 2854 538 632
-
North Korea vs The United States - Who Would Win The War?
-
What Did WW2 Soldiers Eat | US Military Food Rations | Documentary | ca. 1943
-
The Largest Aircraft in The U.S. Military
Transcription
North Korea vs the United States The defense budget of North Korea is estimated to be $10 billion (or 15.8% of their GDP). The American defense budget is $664 billion (or 2.4% of their GDP). North Korea’s total population is 24.7 million people with a total of 10 million who are fit for service. 690,000 are active frontline personnel and 4.5 million are active reserve personnel. This means that 21% of the whole country can be activated to fight at any time. The United States has a population of 316 million people with 120 million fit for service. It has 1.4 million people who are active frontline personnel and 850,000 who are active reserve personnel. This means US manpower is twice as large as North Korea’s manpower. But if both sides activated their reserves, North Korea’s manpower would be approximately 2.5 times bigger than that of the United States. When it comes to tanks, the countries are very closely matched: North Korea has 6,600 tanks, while the United States has 8,300 tanks. But when it comes to AFVs, the United States outnumbers North Korea 10:1. Other land units that armies employ are Self-Propelled Guns, Towed-Artillery, and Multiple-Launch Rocket Systems When it comes to air power, North Korea is no match for the United States, with its 940 aircrafts compared to the US’s 13,700 aircrafts. The most popular American air fighter is the United States developed F-16 Fighting Falcon. North Korea’s most popular air fighter is the Russian developed MiG-29 Fishbed. When it comes to Naval Power, North Korea outnumbers the United States by 2:1; however, its fighting power is inferior to that of the US’s. If it came to nuclear warfare, North Korea is rumored to have enough plutonium to produce 4-8 nuclear warheads. At the same time, the United States has 5,100 warheads on standby. But even if North Korea was able to launch a warhead, it is believed that North Korea’s missiles are not able to reach the United States. We cannot forget that almost every single tank, aircraft, or naval unit needs fuel to operate. North Korea currently consumes 15,000 barrels of oil a day, but it only produces 150 barrels daily. Not to mention that North Korea has no oil in reserves. On the other hand, the United States consumes 19 million barrels of oil a day, but it only produces 8.5 million barrels daily. That said, it has 20 billion barrels of oil in reserves. But war isn’t only waged physically anymore. North Korea is estimated to have a hacker force of 1,800 hackers. It is not known how many hackers the United States employs but it is believed that the US is investing heavily in cyber warfare. If you like this video, please click like and subscribe to our channel for a weekly infographic.
Fundamental principles
Several fundamental principles can be adduced from military operations other than war: objective, unity of effort, security, restraint, perseverance, and legitimacy. The first three are derived from the principles of war, and the remaining three are MOOTW-specific.
- Objective: The aim of MOOTW is to direct every military operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective. Inherent in the principle of objective is the need to understand what constitutes mission success, and what might cause the operation to be terminated before success is achieved.
- Unity of Effort
- Security: The goal here is to never permit hostile factions to acquire a military, political, or informational advantage.
- Restraint: Judicious use of force is necessary, carefully balancing the need for security, the conduct of operations, and the political objective. Commanders at all levels must take proactive steps to ensure their personnel know and understand the ROE and are quickly informed of changes, otherwise it can result in fratricide, mission failure, and national embarrassment. ROE in MOOTW are generally more restrictive, detailed, and sensitive to political concerns than in war.
- Perseverance: Some MOOTW may require years to achieve the desired results.
- Legitimacy: The goal here is to have committed forces sustain the legitimacy of the operation and of the host government, where applicable. In MOOTW, legitimacy is a condition based on the perception by a specific audience of the legality, morality, or rightness of a set of actions.
Types
- Arms Control b39
- Combatting Terrorism: This includes antiterrorism and counterterrorism. Antiterrorism programs are defensive measures taken to reduce vulnerability to terrorist acts and form the foundation for effectively combatting terrorism. Counterterrorism is offensive measures taken to prevent, deter and respond to terrorism, which provides response measures that include preemptive, retaliatory, and rescue operations.
- DOD Support to Counterdrug Operations
- Enforcement of Sanctions and/or Maritime Security Operations (MSO), Maritime Intercept Operations, Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS)
- Enforcing Exclusion Zones
- Ensuring Freedom of Navigation and Overflight
- Humanitarian Assistance: HA operations relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation in countries or regions outside the United States.
- Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA): These operations can consist of temporary augmentation of air traffic controllers and postal workers during strikes, restoration of law and order after a riot, protection of life and federal property, or providing relief in the aftermath of natural disaster. The Posse Comitatus Act prohibits the use of federal military forces to enforce or otherwise execute laws unless expressly authorized by the Constitution or Act of Congress. Examples of DSCA are disaster relief provided during Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki in 1992, and deployment of troops during the 1992 Los Angeles riots and George Floyd protests.
- Nation Assistance and/or Support to Counterinsurgency:
- Security assistance refers to a group of programs by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services to foreign nations by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales.
- Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)
- Peace Operations (PO): Military PO are categorized as peacekeeping operations (PKO) and peace enforcement operations (PEO).
- PKO are military operations undertaken with the consent of all major parties to a dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. PEO are the application of military force, or threat of its use, normally pursuant to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order.
- Protection of Shipping: Protection of shipping includes coastal sea control, harbor defense, port security, countermine operations, and environmental defense.
- Recovery Operations: Recovery operations are conducted to search for, locate, identify, rescue, and return personnel or human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to national security.
- Show of Force Operations: These operations involve increased visibility of US deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation.
- Strikes and Raids: Strikes are offensive operations conducted to inflict damage on, seize, or destroy an objective for political purposes. Strikes may be used for punishing offending nations or groups, upholding international law, or preventing those nations or groups from launching their own offensive actions. A raid is usually a small-scale operation involving swift penetration of hostile territory to secure information, confuse the enemy, or destroy installations. It ends with a planned withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission.
- Support to Insurgency: US forces may provide logistic and training support to an insurgency, but normally do not themselves conduct combat operations.
-Peacekeeping -Contingency Operations -Non-combatant Evacuation Operations, or NEOs -Combat terrorism -Aid host nations through security assistance -Enforce United Nations economic sanctions -Intercept vessels -Plan and execute disaster relief, humanitarian assistance, and civil support operations -Conduct public health operations -Assist interagency counter-drug operations -Show the flag.
Select American deployments
- 2004-5 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami: Emergency relief and medical assistance.[1]
See also
- Effects-Based Operations (EBO)
- Civil-Military Co-operation (CIMIC)
- Low intensity conflict
- Counter-insurgency
- Divide and rule
- Fourth generation warfare
Notes
- ^ Kellerhals, Merle D. "Indonesia: U.S. Navy hospital ship treats nearly 10,000 earthquake victims; Crewmembers work closely with civilian groups to provide medical aid," United States Department of State press release. April 15, 2005.
References
- Bonn, Keith E. and Anthony E Baker. (2000). Guide to Military Operations Other than War: Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Stability and Support operations, Domestic and International. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-811-72939-0; OCLC 231842432
- "U.S. Joint Doctrine, Joint Force Employment Briefing Modules."
This page was last edited on 9 March 2022, at 19:06