Lupah Sug

Sultanate of Sulu	1405 to 1578
Rajahnate of Maynila	1500s to 1571
Tondo	1500s to 1571
Castilian War	1578
Civil War	1660–1673
Sarawak	15th century to 1841
Labuan	15th century to 1846
Sabah (North Borneo)	15th century to 1865
British protected state	1888–1984
Japanese occupation	1942–1945
Borneo campaign	1945
British Military Administration	1945–1946
Revolt	1962

Part of a series on the
History of the Philippines

Timeline
Prehistoric period (pre-900) Early hominin activity Homo luzonensis Tabon Man Austronesian expansion Angono Petroglyphs Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens Jade culture Sa Huỳnh culture Precolonial barangay Maritime Silk Road Events/Artifacts Balangay Cordillera Rice Terraces Grave goods Kalanay Cave Maitum anthropomorphic pottery Manunggul Jar Prehistoric beads Shell tools
Precolonial period (900–1565) Historically documented states/polities (north to south) Caboloan Cainta Tondo Namayan Maynila Ibalon Ma-i Pulilu Sandao Madja-as Dapitan Cebu Butuan Sanmalan Sultanate of Maguindanao Sultanate of Buayan Sultanates of Lanao Sultanate of Sulu Events/Artifacts Maragtas Laguna Copperplate Inscription Butuan Ivory Seal Limestone tombs of Kamhantik Kabayan Mummies Baybayin Batanes Ijang fortresses Golden Tara of Agusan Monreal Stones Butuan Silver Paleograph Piloncitos Barter rings Luzones Magellan expedition Battle of Mactan
Spanish colonial period (1565–1898) Events Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi Sandugo Treaty of Cebu Blockade of Cebu Spanish capture of Manila Battle of Bangkusay New Spain Spanish East Indies Captaincy General Tondo Conspiracy Manila galleon Revolts and uprisings Spanish–Moro conflict Battles of La Naval de Manila British invasion Propaganda Movement 1872 Cavite mutiny La Liga Filipina Katipunan Cry of Pugad Lawin Philippine Revolution Tejeros Convention Republic of Biak-na-Bato Spanish–American War Treaty of Paris (1898) Battle of Manila Bay Declaration of Independence American capture of Manila Malolos Congress First Republic Philippine–American War Artifacts Boxer Codex Doctrina Christiana UST Baybayin Documents Velarde map
American colonial period (1898–1946) Tagalog Republic Negros Republic Zamboanga Republic Military Government Moro Rebellion Insular Government Jones Law Tydings–McDuffie Act Commonwealth World War II Japanese occupation Battle of Bataan Battle of Corregidor Second Republic Philippine resistance Hukbalahap Battle of Leyte Gulf Philippines campaign
Post-independence (1946–1965) Third Republic Treaty of Manila Mutual Defense Treaty Hukbalahap Rebellion Filipino First policy North Borneo dispute
Marcos era (1965–1986) Communist rebellion Moro conflict Martial law Fourth Republic People Power Revolution
Contemporary period (1986–present) Fifth Republic 1997 Asian financial crisis 2000 campaign against the MILF 2nd People Power Revolution EDSA III Oakwood mutiny Philippine drug war Territorial disputes Siege of Marawi Bangsamoro COVID-19 pandemic
By topic Ancient religions Rulers Queen consorts Administrative divisions Agriculture Archaeology Communications Conflicts Cultural achievements Diet and health Education Economy Geography Historiography Languages Medicine Military Names Politics Science and technology World Heritage Sites
Philippines portal
v t e

In the Philippine history, the Lupah Sug (Jawi:سوݢ‎) was a predecessor state before the establishment of Sultanate of Sulu.^[1]

History

Hindu principality of Maimbung

Sulu that time was called Lupah Sug^[1] and ruled by the Indianised Hindu principality of Maimbung, populated by Buranun people (or Budanon, literally means "mountain-dwellers"), was first ruled by a certain rajah who assumed the title Rajah Sipad the Older. According to Majul, the origins of the title rajah sipad originated from the Hindu sri pada, which symbolises authority.^[2] The Principality was instituted and governed using the system of rajahs. Sipad the Older was succeeded by Sipad the Younger.

Pre-Islamic social structure of the Hindu principality

Prior to the establishment of the sultanate, the Tausug lived in communities called a banwa. Each banwa was headed by a leader known as a panglima along with a healer called a mangungubat. The panglima was usually a man with a strong political and physical leadership among the community. A healer could be either a man and woman, and they specialized in contacting the spiritual realm. The healers were also exempted from practicing traditional marriage as they frequently had sensual relationships with the same sex, a common trait in numerous tribes throughout the Philippines archipelago and northern Borneo in pre-Islamic and pre-Christian times. Each banwa was considered an independent state, the same with the city-states of other regions in Asia. The Tausug during the era had trade relations with other neighboring Tausug banwas, the Digap of Malay, the Yakan of Basilan, and the nomadic Sama-Bajau.^[3]

Customs of people up to the arrival of Tuan Mashā′ikha

During the reign of Sipad the Younger, a mystic^[4] named Tuan Mashā′ikha^[note 1] arrived in Jolo in 1280 AD.^[note 2] Little is known of the origins and early biography of Tuan Mashā′ikha, except that he was a Muslim "who came from foreign lands" at the head of a fleet of Muslim traders,^[6] or he was brought into being from a stalk of bamboo and was considered a prophet, thus well respected by the people.^[7] Other reports, however, insisted that Tuan Mashā′ikha together with his parents, Jamiyun Kulisa and Indra Suga, were sent to Sulu by Alexander the Great (who is known as Iskandar Zulkarnain in Malay Annals).^[2] However, Saleeby dismisses this claim by concluding that Jamiyun Kulisa and Indra Suga were mythical names.^[7] According to tarsila, during the coming of Tuan Mashā′ikha, the people of Maimbung worshipped tombs and stones of any kind. After he preached Islam in the area, he married Sipad the Younger's daughter, Idda Indira Suga and bore three children:^[8] Tuan Hakim, Tuan Pam and 'Aisha. Tuan Hakim, in turn, begot five children.^[9] From the genealogy of Tuan Mashā′ikha, another titular system of aristocracy called "tuanship" started in Sulu. Apart from the Idda Indira Suga, Tuan Mashā′ikha also married into another "unidentified woman" and begot Moumin. Tuan Mashā′ikha died in 710 A.H. (equivalent to 1310 AD), and was buried in Bud Dato near Jolo, with an inscription of Tuan Maqbālū.^[10]

Majapahit invasion and rebellion

A descendant of Tuan Mashā′ikha named Tuan May also begot a son named Datu Tka. The descendants of Tuan May did not assume the title tuan, instead, they started to use datu. It is the first time datu was used as a political institution.^[8]^[11] During the coming of Tuan Mashā′ikha, the Tagimaha people (literally means "the party of the people") coming from Basilan and several places in Mindanao, also arrived and settled in Buansa. After the Tagimaha came the Baklaya people (which means "seashore dwellers"), believed to be originated from Sulawesi, and settled in Patikul. After these came the Bajau people (or Samal) from Johor. The Bajau were accidentally driven towards Sulu by a heavy monsoon, some of them to the shores of Brunei and others to Mindanao.^[12] The population of Buranun, Tagimaha, and Baklaya in Sulu created three parties with distinct system of government and subjects. In the 1300s the Chinese annals, Nanhai zhi, reported that Brunei invaded or administered the Philippine kingdoms of Butuan, Sulu and Ma-i (Mindoro) which would regain their independence at a later date.^[13] According to the Nagarakretagama, the Majapahit Empire under Emperor Hayam Wuruk, invaded Sulu at year 1365. However, in 1369, the Sulus rebelled and regained independence and in vengeance, assaulted the Majapahit Empire and its province Po-ni (Brunei), and had invaded the Northeast Coast of Borneo^[14] and thereafter went to the capital, looting it of treasure and gold. In the sacking of Brunei, the Sulus had stolen 2 sacred pearls from the Bruneian king.^[15] A fleet from the Majapahit capital succeeded in driving away the Sulus, but Po-ni was left weaker after the attack.^[16] Since Chinese historiographies later recorded there to be a Maharaja of Sulu, it is assumed that it was unable to be reconquered by Majapahit and it was a rival to that state. By 1390 AD, Rajah Baguinda Ali, a prince of the Pagaruyung Kingdom arrived at Sulu and married into the local nobility. At least in 1417, when Sulu rivaled Majapahit, according to Chinese annals, three kings (or monarchs) ruled three civilised kingdoms in the island.^[17] Patuka Pahala (Paduka Batara) ruled the eastern kingdom (The Sulu Archipelago), he was the most powerful; the west kingdom was ruled by Mahalachi (Maharajah Kamal ud-Din) (Ruler of Kalimantan in Indonesia); and the kingdom near the cave (or Cave King) was Paduka Patulapok (From Palawan Island).^[18] The Bajau settlers were distributed among the three kingdoms. During this time, Sulu had avenged itself from Majapahit Imperialism by encroaching upon the Majapahit Empire as the alliance of the 3 Sulu kings had territory that reached Kalimantan, specifically East and North Kalimantan, which were former Majapahit provinces.^[19]

Moumin's descendants, the son of Tuan Mashā′ikha populated Sulu. After some time, a certain Timway Orangkaya Su'il was mentioned by the second page of tarsila, that he received four Bisaya slaves (People from the Kedatuan of Madja-as) from Manila (presumably Kingdom of Maynila) as a sign of friendship between the two countries. The descendants of Timway Orangkaya Su'il then inherited the title timway, which means "chief". On tarsila's third page, it accounts the fact that the slaves were the ancestors of the inhabitants in the island to Parang, Lati, Gi'tung, and Lu'uk respectively.

The fourth page then narrates the coming of the Buranun (addressed in the tarsila as "the Maimbung people") Tagimaha, Baklaya, then the drifted Bajau immigrants from Johor.^[20] The condition of Sulu before the arrival of Islam can be summarised as such: The island was inhabited by several cultures, and was reigned over by three independent kingdoms ruled by the Buranun, Tagimaha, and Baklaya peoples. Likewise, the socio-political systems of these kingdoms were characterised by several distinct institutions: rajahship, datuship, tuanship and timwayship. The arrival of Tuan Mashā′ikha afterwards established a core Islamic community in the island.

Establishment of Islamic Sultanate

The sultanate was founded on 17 November 1405.^[21]^[note 3] by the Johore-born explorer, Sunni Sufi religious scholar Sharif ul-Hashim. A scholar of the Ash'ari Aqeeda and Shafi'i Madh'hab. Paduka Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim became his full regnal name, Sharif-ul Hashim is his abbreviated name. He and his brothers and father were from the Ba Alawi Family of Yemen.^[25] He settled in Buansa, Sulu. After the marriage of Abu Bakr and a local dayang-dayang (princess) Paramisuli, he founded the sultanate. The Sultanate gained its independence from the Bruneian Empire in 1578.^[26]

Islamisation

At the end of the 14th century, an Arab Muslim scholar following the Ash'ari Aqeeda and Shafi'i Fiqh named Karim ul-Makhdum^[note 4] from Mecca arrived in the Malacca Sultanate. He preached Islam to the people, and thus many citizens, including the ruler of Malacca, converted to Islam.^[27] Chinese Muslims, Arabs, Persians, Malays, and Indian Muslims introduced Sulu and other Muslim sultanates to Islam. Chinese Muslim merchants participated in the local commerce, and the Sultanate had diplomatic relations with China during the time of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), being involved in the tribute system. The Sulu leader Paduka Pahala and his sons moved to China, where he died, and Chinese Muslims brought up his sons in Dezhou, where their descendants live and have the surnames An and Wen.^[28]

In 1380 AD,^[note 5] The Sunni Sufi scholar Karim ul-Makhdum arrived in Simunul island from Malacca, again with Arab traders. Apart from being an Islamic preacher, he operated as a trader, some see him as a Sufi missionary originating from Mecca.^[29] He preached Islam in the area, and was thus accepted by the core Muslim community. He was the second person who preached Islam in the area, following Tuan Mashā′ikha. To facilitate easy conversion of nonbelievers, he established a mosque in Tubig-Indagan, Simunul, which became the first Islamic temple to be constructed in the area, as well as the first in the Philippines. This later became known as Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque.^[30] He died in Sulu, though the exact location of his grave is unknown. In Buansa, he was known as Tuan Sharif Awliyā.^[2] On his alleged grave in Bud Agad, Jolo, an inscription was written as "Mohadum Aminullah Al-Nikad". In Lugus, he is referred to Abdurrahman. In Sibutu, he is known to as his name.^[31]

The dispute over the actual location of his grave stemmed from the fact that Karim ul-Makhdum traveled to several islands in Sulu Sea to preach Islam. In many places in the archipelago, he was beloved. It is said that the people of Tapul built a mosque honouring him and that they claim descent from Karim ul-Makhdum. Thus, the success of Karim ul-Makhdum of spreading Islam in Sulu threw a new light in Islamic history in the Philippines. The customs, beliefs and political laws of the people changed and customized to adopt the Islamic tradition.^[32]

Recorded monarchs

title	Ruler	events	From	Until
Rajah	Sipad the Older	His name derived from Sanskrit Sri Pada.	c.1280
Rajah	Sipad the Younger		1280	1405
Sultan	Sharif ul-Hashim	The founder of the Sulu sultanate, whose proper name was Sayyid walShareef Abu Bakr ibn Abirin AlHashmi. He founded The Royal Sultanate of Sulu in 1457 and renamed himself Paduka Mahasari Maulana al-Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim, which roughly translates from Arabic as "The Master His Majesty, Protector and Sultan, Noble of the Banu Hashim Clan".^{[citation needed]} The Sultan is reported to have lived about thirty years in Buansa, the first seat of the sultanate, and his tomb is located in one of the slopes of nearby Mount Tumantangis	1405

Notes

^ Mashā′ikha is an Arabic term which originated from mashā′ikh, which means "an intelligent or pious man".
^ The generally accepted date for the coming of Tuan Mashā′ikha is 1280 AD, however, other Muslim scholars dated his coming only by second half of the 13th century".^[5]
^ The generally accepted date of the establishment of the sultanate by modern historians is 1457. However, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines list the date as "around 1450", or simply "1450s",^[22] due to uncertainty. On the other hand, independent Muslim studies marked the day to a more exact date 17 November 1405 (24th of Jumada al-awwal, 808 AH).^[23]^[24]
^ May be interchange to Karimul Makhdum, Karimal Makdum or Makhdum Karim among others. Makhdum came from the Arabic word makhdūmīn, which means "master".
^ Another uncertain date in Philippine Islamic history is the year of arrival of Karim ul-Makhdum. Though some Muslim sources place the date as simply "the end of 14th century", Saleeby calculated the year as 1380 AD corresponding to the description of the tarsilas, in which Karim ul-Makhdum's coming is 10 years before Rajah Baguinda's. The 1380 reference originated from the event in Islamic history when a huge number of makhdūmīn started to travel to Southeast Asia from India. See Ibrahim's "Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia."

References

^ ^a ^b Julkarnain, Datu Albi Ahmad (30 April 2008). "Genealogy of Sultan Sharif Ul-Hashim of Sulu Sultanate". Zambo Times. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ibrahim 1985, p. 51
^ "Tausug Architecture". 30 June 2013.
^ Tan 2010, p. 85
^ Larousse 2001, p. 39, footnote 51
^ Decasa 1999, p. 321
^ ^a ^b Saleeby 1908, p. 155
^ ^a ^b Tan 2010, p. 86
^ Saleeby 1908, p. 149
^ Ibrahim 1985, p. 54
^ Tan 2010, p. 88
^ Saleeby 1908, pp. 41–42
^ Quanzhou to the Sulu Zone and beyond: Questions Related to the Early Fourteenth Century By: Roderich Ptak. Page 280
^ Ming shi, 325, p. 8411, p. 8422.
^ Brunei Rediscovered: A Survey of Early Times By Robert Nicholl Page 12, citing: "Groenveldt, Notes Page 112"
^ History for Brunei Darussalam 2009, p. 44.
^ "Paduka Batara (d. 1417)" (PDF). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
^ Tan 2010, p. 128
^ Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines By Wang Zhenping Page 258.
^ Saleeby 1908, pp. 152–153
^ P. N. Abinales; Donna J. Amoroso (1 January 2005). State and Society in the Philippines. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 44–. ISBN 978-0-7425-1024-1.
^ Philippine Almanac & Handbook of Facts. 1977.
^ Usman, Edd (10 February 2010). "Heirs of Sulu Sultanate urged to attend general convention". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
^ Cavendish 2007, p. 1178.
^ Quiling, Mucha-Shim (2020). "Lumpang Basih". Journal of Studies on Traditional Knowledge in Sulu Archipelago and Its People, and in the Neighboring Nusantara. 3. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
^ Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M; La Boda, Sharon (January 1996). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6.
^ Saleeby 1908, pp. 158–159
^ P. N. Abinales; Donna J. Amoroso (1 January 2005). State and Society in the Philippines. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-0-7425-1024-1.
^ Larousse 2001, p. 40
^ Mawallil, Amilbahar; Dayang Babylyn Kano Omar (3 July 2009). "Simunul Island, Dubbed As 'Dubai of the Philippines', Pursues Ambitious Project". The Mindanao Examiner. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
^ Gonda 1975, p. 91
^ Saleeby 1908, p. 159

Works cited

History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing our Past. Curriculum Development Department, Ministry of Education. 2009. ISBN 978-99917-2-372-3.
Cavendish, Marshall (2007), World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, vol. 9, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, ISBN 978-0-7614-7642-9
Decasa, George C. (1999), The Qur'ānic Concept of Umma and its Function in Philippine Muslim Society, Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana, ISBN 978-88-7652-812-5
Gonda, Jan (1975), Religionen: Handbuch der Orientalistik: Indonesien, Malaysia und die Philippinen unter Einschluss der Kap-Malaien in Südafrika, vol. 2, E.J. Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-04330-5
Ibrahim, Ahmad; Siddique, Sharon; Hussain, Yasmin (1985). Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-9971-988-08-1.
Larousse, William (2001), A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines : 1965–2000, Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana, ISBN 978-88-7652-879-8
Saleeby, Najeeb Mitry (1908), The History of Sulu, Bureau of Printing
Tan, Samuel K. (2010), The Muslim South and Beyond, University of the Philippines Press, ISBN 978-971-542-632-9

External links

The official website of Royal House of Sulu under the guidance of Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 35th Sultan of Sulu^{[unreliable source?]}
Line of succession of the Sultans of Sulu of the Modern Era as published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
Philippine Provincial Government of Sulu – The official list of Sultans
Sultanate of Sulu on WorldStatesMen.org

v t e Hinduism in Asia
Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor (Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan
Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau
Category Asia portal

Historical and present-day states in the Philippines

Pre-16th century: c. 1000 BC–200 AD: Jade culture; before 900–1589: Tondo; before 971–after 1339: Ma-i; before 989–1521: Rajahnate of Butuan; c. 1080–1569: Kedatuan of Madja-as; 1175–1571: Namayan; c. 13th century–1457: Lupah Sug; c. 1350–1905: Sultanate of Buayan; c. 1400–1565: Rajahnate of Cebu; c. 1400–1576: Caboloan; 1457–1915: Sultanate of Sulu; c. 1500–1571: Rajahnate of Maynila; 1515–1899: Sultanate of Maguindanao; unknown–1593: Kedatuan of Dapitan; unknown–1571: Cainta

16th century: 1565–1898: Spanish East Indies

17th century: 1616–1904: Confederate States of Lanao

18th century: 1762–1764: British Manila

19th century: 1896–1897: Sovereign Tagalog Nation; 1897–1897: Tejeros Revolutionary Government; 1897–1897: Republic of Biak-na-Bato; 1898–1898: Central Executive Committee; 1898–1898: Dictatorial Government of the Philippines; 1898–1899: Revolutionary Government of the Philippines; 1898–1901: Republic of Negros; 1898–1899: Federal State of the Visayas; 1899–1901: First Philippine Republic; 1899–1903: Republic of Zamboanga

1900–1945: 1898–1902: United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands; 1902–1906: Tagalog Republic; 1902–1935: Insular Government of the Philippine Islands; 1935–1946: Commonwealth of the Philippines; 1943–1945: Second Philippine Republic

1945–present: 1946–1981: Third Republic; 1981–1986: Fourth Republic; 1986–present: Fifth Republic

v t e History of East Malaysia
Common history¹	Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888) Japanese occupation Battle of Borneo (1941–1942) Borneo campaign British Military Administration Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Malaysia Agreement Proclamation of Malaysia 2019 federal constitution amendment (on hold) ★ first tabling 2020 Malaysia coronavirus pandemic 2021 federal constitution amendment (passed) ★ second tabling
History of Sabah	Brunei Civil War Sultanate of Sulu Austrian colony North Borneo Chartered Company North Borneo Antanum Mat Salleh Madrid Protocol Jesselton revolt Sandakan camp Sandakan Death Marches Battle of North Borneo Crown Colony of North Borneo Self-government of North Borneo Cobbold Commission 20-point agreement Keningau Oath Stone Double Six Crash Cross border attacks from the Philippines 1985 Lahad Datu ambush 2000 Sipadan kidnappings 2013 Lahad Datu standoff 1986 Sabah riots 1991 Sabah political arrests Project IC Sabah State Water Department corruption probe 2020 Sabah coronavirus pandemic
History of Sarawak	Sultanate of Sarawak Raj of Sarawak Rentap Liu Shan Bang Syarif Masahor Crown Colony of Sarawak Anti-cession movement of Sarawak Communist insurgency in Sarawak Self-government of Sarawak Cobbold Commission 18-point agreement 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis 1987 Ming Court Affair 1997 Sarawak HFMD outbreak Sarawak rabies outbreak (2017–present) 2020 Sarawak coronavirus pandemic
History of Labuan	Crown Colony of Labuan North Borneo Chartered Company North Borneo (1890–1904) Straits Settlements (1907–46) Battle of North Borneo Battle of Labuan Colony of Singapore (1946) Crown Colony of North Borneo (1946–63) Cobbold Commission 20-point agreement Sabah (1963–84) Federal territory (1984–)
¹ Covers the three territories

India-related topics in Philippines articles

History

Geography

Religion

Religion in pre-colonial Philippines had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
Buddhism in Southeast Asia
- Buddhism in the Philippines
Hinduism in Southeast Asia

Politics

Language

Economy

Maritime Southeast Asia
Murrah buffalo from Haryana imported to Philippine
- from Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India to Philippine Carabao Center in Nueva Ecija
Business process outsourcing to India
Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
Indian Companies

Culture

People

List of sultans of Sulu (1405–1915) and claimants (1936–present)

Sultans from 1405 to 1915

Sharif ul-Hāshim
Kamal ud-Din
Ala ud-Din
Amir ul-Umara
Muizz ul-Mutawadi-in
Nasir ud-Din I
Muhammad ul-Halim
Batarah Shah Tengah
Muwallil Wasit I
Nasir ud-Din II
Salah ud-Din
Ali Shah
Azim ud-Din I (Ferdinand I)
Bantilan
Azim ud-Din II
Azim ud-Din I (Ferdinand I)
Jamalul Kiram I
Jamalul Kiram II¹

Claimants after 1936

Line after Jamalul Kiram II	Bomid-Din I (1936-73) Muwallil Wasit II (-36, murdered) Amirul Umara I (35-1964)

Claimants after Muwallil Wasit II

Line after Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram	Mohammed Esmail Kiram I (1950-74) Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram (74-86) Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram (86 - current)

Line after Punjungan Kiram	Muhammad Punjungan Kiram (1980-83) Aguimuddin Abirin (83) Mohammad Akijal Atti (83-90) Jamalul Kiram III (90-99) Ismael Kiram II (99-2015) Agbimuddin Kiram (2015) Phudgal Kiram Fuad Kiram Mohamad Akjan Ali Muhammad Abdul Rajak Aliuddin Eddy T. Sulaiman

¹ The last recognised Sultan of Sulu was Sultan Jamalul Kiram II and based on historical records in Malaysia, Philippines and Brunei, he died in 1936 and had seven daughters but no son which in Islamic law, a woman cannot be appointed as heir or successor. (note)

6°03′07″N 121°00′07″E / 6.05194°N 121.00194°E / 6.05194; 121.00194

This page was last edited on 4 April 2024, at 18:25

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

History

Hindu principality of Maimbung

Pre-Islamic social structure of the Hindu principality

Customs of people up to the arrival of Tuan Mashā′ikha

Majapahit invasion and rebellion

Establishment of Islamic Sultanate

Islamisation

Recorded monarchs

See also

Notes

References

Works cited

External links