Lucía Topolansky

Lucía Topolansky
Lucía Topolansky in 2014

17th Vice President of Uruguay
In office 13 September 2017 – 1 March 2020
President	Tabaré Vázquez
Preceded by	Raúl Sendic
Succeeded by	Beatriz Argimón
First Lady of Uruguay
In role 1 March 2010 – 1 March 2015
President	José Mujica
Preceded by	María Auxiliadora Delgado
Succeeded by	María Auxiliadora Delgado
Senator of Uruguay
In office 15 February 2005 – 12 September 2017
Constituency	At-large
Representative of Uruguay
In office 15 February 2000 – 14 February 2005
Constituency	Montevideo

Personal details
Born	Lucía Topolansky Saavedra (1944-09-25) 25 September 1944 (age 79) Montevideo, Uruguay
Political party	Movement of Popular Participation
Other political affiliations	Broad Front
Spouse	José Mujica (m. 2005)
Parent(s)	Luis Topolansky María Elia Saavedra

Lucía Topolansky Saavedra (born 25 September 1944) is a Uruguayan politician and former revolutionary who served as the 17th Vice President of Uruguay from September 2017 to March 2020. A member of the Movement of Popular Participation (MPP) — Broad Front, she also served as Senator of the Republic from 2020 to 2022 and from 2005 to 2017, as National Representative from 2000 to 2005 and as First Lady of Uruguay as the wife of president José Mujica from 2010 to 2015.^[1]

Raised in an upper-class family, in 1969 Topolansky joined the far-left guerrilla group Tupamaros and went underground. In 1985, due to the amnesty law, she was released and participated in the founding of the MPP, starting her political career. In 1995 she was elected as a member of the Montevideo legislature, and in 2004 she was elected as a substitute National Representative, assuming the seat after the death of the incumbent Jorge Quartino.^[2] However, she took over as Senator of the Republic, as she was the first substitute for her husband José Mujica who left the seat to take office as Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries in 2005. She was a candidate for Intendant of Montevideo in the 2015 municipal elections, being defeated by Daniel Martínez Villamil.^[3]

In September 2017, she took office as Vice President of Uruguay after the resignation of Raúl Sendic Rodríguez, becoming the first woman to hold the position.^[4]

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Early life

Topolansky and her twin sister María Elia were born on 25 September 1944 in Montevideo, the youngest of seven children of civil engineer and construction businessman Luis Topolansky Müller and María Elia Saavedra Rodríguez. The Topolansky family are of Polish noble ancestry originally from Kraków; Luis Topolansky was born in Budapest and studied in Vienna, who eventually moved to Uruguay for work.^[5] On her mother's side, the Saavedras were an upper-class family.^[6]

Topolansky grew up in the neighbourhoods of Prado, where she lived at her grandparents' house, and Pocitos. After her father became an associate for a construction company, they moved to Punta del Este, but returned to Montevideo shortly thereafter when the Uruguayan government opposed the government of then-Argentine president Juan Perón, causing him to prohibit Argentine citizens from spending their summers in Uruguay, resulting in her father's company going bankrupt.^[7]

Upon returning to Montevideo, her father became ill with cancer, leaving the family in a critical economic situation and becoming dependent on her grandfather, then-Justice of the Peace Enrique Saavedra Barrozo, who supported the family's educational expenses.^[8]

During her childhood, she studied at the College Sacré Cœur de las Hermanas Dominicas in Montevideo with her twin sister. She then entered the Alfredo Vásquez Acevedo Institute where she was part of the students' guild, and eventually studied at the University of the Republic in architecture. She abandoned her studies in 1969.^[9]

Guerrilla

In 1967, after years of political activity, she joined the left-wing organization Tupamaros, waging guerrilla fights against the authorities in Uruguay. After the coup d'état in 1973, which resulted in the beginning of the civic-military dictatorship under Juan María Bordaberry, Topolansky was arrested and imprisoned in a military prison where she endured physical and psychological torture. During her tenure with the organization, she met her future husband José Mujica, who would eventually become the President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. She eventually would have been associated with the Movement of Popular Participation (MPP).^[10]

Political offices

She served as a Representative for Montevideo from 2000 to 2005 and she subsequently became a Senator. In the 2009 election, she received the highest number of votes for Senator as the leader of the 609 electoral list.

She was considered as a possible running mate for Tabaré Vázquez, the presidential candidate of the ruling coalition, in the 2014 elections.^[11]

Acting President of Uruguay

On 26 November 2010, due to the absence of both President Mujica and Vice-President Danilo Astori, she became Acting President, making her the first woman to assume the Uruguay presidential powers and duties. This brief tenure as acting president lasted until 28 November 2010, when Vice President Astori returned to Uruguay.^[12]^[13]

This state of affairs came about because of a clause in the Uruguayan Constitution, which stipulates that the Presidential powers & duties passes temporarily to the leader of the largest elected grouping in the Upper House, if both the President and the Vice President are absent from the territory of the Republic.

Vice President of Uruguay

Following the resignation of Raúl Fernando Sendic, after protracted series of controversies, she was appointed Vice President of Uruguay in Sendic's place on 13 September 2017.^[14] This occurred since she was the second most voted Senator on the most voted ballot of the party by which the president and vice president were elected. The Senator with the most votes could not assume the position since he had served as President of the Republic in the previous term.^[15]

Bibliography

Vierci, Pablo (2015). Ellas 5. Montevideo: Aguaclara. ISBN 9789974994232.

References

^ "Lucía Topolansky se convertirá en vicepresidenta" (in Spanish). El Observador. 11 September 2017.
^ "Topolansky dejó el Parlamento tras 22 años; envió una carta y no fue a sesión que la homenajeó". EL PAIS. 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
^ Redacción. "Topolansky aceptó ser candidata a la IMM". El Observador. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
^ "Lucia Topolansky is Uruguay's first female vice president". BBC News. 2017-09-14. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
^ "Jose Mujica - najbiedniejszy prezydent świata? Nie, dla nas najbogatszy!". ruchspoleczny.com.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2018-09-19.
^ "El linaje de Lucía Topolansky". El patriciado del Río de la Plata. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
^ Pellegrino, Guillermo. "Lucía Topolansky, de guerrillera a vicepresidente". www.clarin.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 September 2017.
^ Inciarte, Diego Castro Arrúe (2012-07-28). ""Orgullo y Prejuicios de las Familias Patricias": "Lucía, la rebelde tataranieta de los barones de Amazonas"". "Orgullo y Prejuicios de las Familias Patricias". Retrieved 2023-09-21.
^ "Topolansky, la negociadora de Tabaré". El Observador (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 September 2017.
^ Pellegrino, Guillermo. "Lucía Topolansky, de guerrillera a vicepresidente". www.clarin.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 September 2017.
^ "Uruguay's first lady praises Cristina Fernandez and blast opposition". Merco Press.
^ El País (2010-11-28). "Lucía Topolansky presidenta de Uruguay" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2011-04-29.
^ Mercopress (2010-11-25). "First time ever woman president (for a few days) in Uruguay". Retrieved 2011-04-29.
^ "Wife of ex-Uruguay President Mujica becomes vice president". Reuters. 2017-09-13. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
^ Luzzi, Leonardo. "Topolansky, la negociadora de Tabaré". El Observador. Retrieved 2023-09-23.

Vice presidents of Uruguay

Navarro (1934–1938) • Charlone (1938–1943) • Guani (1943-1947) • Batlle Berres (1947) • Brum (1947–1952) • Pacheco Areco (1967) • Abdala (1967–1972) • Sapelli (1972–1973) • Tarigo (1985–1990) • Aguirre (1990–1995) • Batalla (1995–1998) • Fernández Faingold (1998–2000) • Hierro López (2000–2005) • Nin Novoa (2005–2010) • Astori (2010–2015) • Sendic (2015–2017) • Topolansky (2017–2020) • Argimón (2020–)