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Louisiana's 6th congressional district

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Louisiana's 6th congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries
Representative
  Garret Graves
RBaton Rouge
Distribution
  • 78.12% urban[1]
  • 21.88% rural
Population (2022)796,937[2]
Median household
income
$70,632[3]
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+19[4]

Louisiana's 6th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Located in south-central Louisiana, the district contains most of the state capital of Baton Rouge, the bulk of Baton Rouge's suburbs, and continues south to Thibodaux. It also includes the western shores of Lake Pontchartrain.

The district is currently represented by Republican Garret Graves.

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • Congressional Elections: Crash Course Government and Politics #6

Transcription

Hi, I'm Craig and this is Crash Course Government and Politics, and today we're going to talk about what is, if you ask the general public, the most important part of politics: elections. If you ask me, it's hair styles. Look at Martin Van Buren's sideburns, how could he not be elected? Americans are kind of obsessed with elections, I mean when this was being recorded in early 2015, television, news and the internet were already talking about who would be Democrat and Republican candidates for president in 2016. And many of the candidates have unofficially been campaigning for years. I've been campaigning; your grandma's been campaigning. Presidential elections are exciting and you can gamble on them. Is that legal, can you gamble on them, Stan? Anyway, why we're so obsessed with them is a topic for another day. Right now I'm gonna tell you that the fixation on the presidential elections is wrong, but not because the president doesn't matter. No, today we're gonna look at the elections of the people that are supposed to matter the most, Congress. Constitutionally at least, Congress is the most important branch of government because it is the one that is supposed to be the most responsive to the people. One of the main reasons it's so responsive, at least in theory, is the frequency of elections. If a politician has to run for office often, he or she, because unlike the president we have women serving in Congress, kind of has to pay attention to what the constituents want, a little bit, maybe. By now, I'm sure that most of you have memorized the Constitution, so you recognize that despite their importance in the way we discuss politics, elections aren't really a big feature of the Constitution. Except of course for the ridiculously complex electoral college system for choosing the president, which we don't even want to think about for a few episodes. In fact, here's what the Constitution says about Congressional Elections in Article 1 Section 2: "The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature." So the Constitution does establish that the whole of the house is up for election every 2 years, and 1/3 of the senate is too, but mainly it leaves the scheduling and rules of elections up to the states. The actual rules of elections, like when the polls are open and where they actually are, as well as the registration requirements, are pretty much up to the states, subject to some federal election law. If you really want to know the rules in your state, I'm sure that someone at the Board of Elections, will be happy to explain them to you. Really, you should give them a call; they're very, very lonely. In general though, here's what we can say about American elections. First stating the super obvious, in order to serve in congress, you need to win an election. In the House of Representatives, each election district chooses a single representative, which is why we call them single-member districts. The number of districts is determined by the Census, which happens every 10 years, and which means that elections ending in zeros are super important, for reasons that I'll explain in greater detail in a future episode. It's because of gerrymandering. The Senate is much easier to figure out because both of the state Senators are elected by the entire state. It's as if the state itself were a single district, which is true for states like Wyoming, which are so unpopulated as to have only 1 representative. Sometimes these elections are called at large elections. Before the election ever happens, you need candidates. How candidates are chosen differs from state to state, but usually it has something to do with political parties, although it doesn't have to. Why are things so complicated?! What we can say is that candidates, or at least good candidates, usually have certain characteristics. Sorry America. First off, if you are gonna run for office, you should have an unblemished record, free of, oh I don't know, felony convictions or sex scandals, except maybe in Louisiana or New York. This might lead to some pretty bland candidates or people who are so calculating that they have no skeletons in their closet, but we Americans are a moral people and like our candidates to reflect our ideals rather than our reality. The second characteristic that a candidate must possess is the ability to raise money. Now some candidates are billionaires and can finance their own campaigns. But most billionaires have better things to do: buying yachts, making even more money, building money forts, buying more yachts, so they don't have time to run for office. But most candidates get their money for their campaigns by asking for it. The ability to raise money is key, especially now, because running for office is expensive. Can I get a how expensive is it? "How expensive is it?!" Well, so expensive that the prices of elections continually rises and in 2012 winners of House races spent nearly 2 million each. Senate winners spent more than 10 million. By the time this episode airs, I'm sure the numbers will be much higher like a gajillion billion million. Money is important in winning an election, but even more important, statistically, is already being in Congress. Let's go to the Thought Bubble. The person holding an office who runs for that office again is called the incumbent and has a big advantage over any challenger. This is according to political scientists who, being almost as bad at naming things as historians, refer to this as incumbency advantage. There are a number of reasons why incumbents tend to hold onto their seats in congress, if they want to. The first is that a sitting congressman has a record to run on, which we hope includes some legislative accomplishments, although for the past few Congresses, these don't seem to matter. The record might include case work, which is providing direct services to constituents. This is usually done by congressional staffers and includes things like answering questions about how to get certain government benefits or writing recommendation letters to West Point. Congressmen can also provide jobs to constituents, which is usually a good way to get them to vote for you. These are either government jobs, kind of rare these days, called patronage or indirect employment through government contracts for programs within a Congressman's district. These programs are called earmarks or pork barrel programs, and they are much less common now because Congress has decided not to use them any more, sort of. The second advantage that incumbents have is that they have a record of winning elections, which if you think about it, is pretty obvious. Being a proven winner makes it easier for a congressmen to raise money, which helps them win, and long term incumbents tend to be more powerful in Congress which makes it even easier for them to raise money and win. The Constitution give incumbents one structural advantage too. Each elected congressman is allowed $100,000 and free postage to send out election materials. This is called the franking privilege. It's not so clear how great an advantage this is in the age of the internet, but at least according to the book The Victory Lab, direct mail from candidates can be surprisingly effective. How real is this incumbency advantage? Well if you look at the numbers, it seems pretty darn real. Over the past 60 years, almost 90% of members of The House of Representatives got re-elected. The Senate has been even more volatile, but even at the low point in 1980 more than 50% of sitting senators got to keep their jobs. Thanks, Thought Bubble. You're so great. So those are some of the features of congressional elections. Now, if you'll permit me to get a little politically sciencey, I'd like to try to explain why elections are so important to the way that Congressmen and Senators do their jobs. In 1974, political scientist David Mayhew published a book in which he described something he called "The Electoral Connection." This was the idea that Congressmen were primarily motivated by the desire to get re-elected, which intuitively makes a lot of sense, even though I'm not sure what evidence he had for this conclusion. Used to be able to get away with that kind of thing I guess, clearly David may-not-hew to the rules of evidence, pun [rim shot], high five, no. Anyway Mayhew's research methodology isn't as important as his idea itself because The Electoral Connection provides a frame work for understanding congressman's activities. Mayhew divided representatives' behaviors and activities into three categories. The first is advertising; congressmen work to develop their personal brand so that they are recognizable to voters. Al D'Amato used to be know in New York as Senator Pothole, because he was able to bring home so much pork that he could actually fix New York's streets. Not by filling them with pork, money, its money, remember pork barrel spending? The second activity is credit claiming; Congressmen get things done so that they can say they got them done. A lot of case work and especially pork barrel spending are done in the name of credit claiming. Related to credit claiming, but slightly different, is position taking. This means making a public judgmental statement on something likely to be of interest to voters. Senators can do this through filibusters. Representatives can't filibuster, but they can hold hearings, publicly supporting a hearing is a way of associating yourself with an idea without having to actually try to pass legislation. And of course they can go on the TV, especially on Sunday talk shows. What's a TV, who even watches TV? Now the idea of The Electoral Connection doesn't explain every action a member of Congress takes; sometimes they actually make laws to benefit the public good or maybe solve problems, huh, what an idea! But Mayhew's idea gives us a way of thinking about Congressional activity, an analytical lens that connects what Congressmen actually do with how most of us understand Congressmen, through elections. So the next time you see a Congressmen call for a hearing on a supposed horrible scandal or read about a Senator threatening to filibuster a policy that may have significant popular support, ask yourself, "Is this Representative claiming credit or taking a position, and how will this build their brand?" In other words: what's the electoral connection and how will whatever they're doing help them get elected? This might feel a little cynical, but the reality is Mayhew's thesis often seems to fit with today's politics. Thanks for watching, see you next week. Vote for me; I'm on the TV. I'm not -- I'm on the YouTube. Crash Course: Government and Politics is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios. Support for Crash Course US Government comes from Voqal. Voqal supports nonprofits that use technology and media to advance social equity. Learn more about their mission and initiatives at Voqal.org. Crash Course is made by all of these nice people. Thanks for watching. That guy isn't nice.

History

Since the 6th congressional district's creation, its boundaries have migrated from a position astraddle the Mississippi River to completely east of the Mississippi River and more recently astraddle the river again.

For decades prior to 1974, the district was virtually coterminous with the Florida Parishes. In 1974, the 6th congressional district shed St. Tammany Parish to the 1st congressional district, and since then several redistrictings have incrementally moved the district's boundaries westward so that it has shed both Washington and Tangipahoa parishes (including Hammond, home of James H. Morrison, who represented the district for 24 years, the longest tenure of anyone ever to represent the district) to the 1st district.

For most of its existence, the district's lines generally followed parish lines. In the 1990s redistricting, however, most of the district's black voters were transferred to the black-majority 4th district. Those lines, however, were thrown out in 1995 when the 4th was ruled to be an unconstitutional racial gerrymander, and from 1996 to 2013, the 6th included all of Baton Rouge. After the 2010 redistricting, a gash in western Baton Rouge, including most of the city's black precincts, was transferred to the New Orleans-based 2nd district.

Following a court ruling striking down Louisiana's 2022 congressional map for violating the Voting Rights Act, the new map enacted by a special legislative session on January 22, 2024 dismantled the district and now stretches from Caddo Parish in the North West to East Baton Rouge Parish, and will include a majority African-American voting-age population. The new map will take effect for the 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana.

Recent presidential elections

Election results from presidential races
Year Office Results
2000 President Bush 55–43%
2004 President Bush 59–40%
2008 President McCain 57–41%
2012 President Romney 66–32%
2016 President Trump 65–31%
2020 President Trump 64–34%

List of members representing the district

Member Party Years Cong
ress
Electoral history Location
District created March 4, 1875

Charles E. Nash
(Washington)
Republican March 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1877
44th Elected in 1874.
Lost re-election.

Edward White Robertson
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic March 4, 1877 –
March 3, 1883
45th
46th
47th
Elected in 1876.
Re-elected in 1878.
Re-elected in 1880.
Lost renomination.

Edward Taylor Lewis
(Opelousas)
Democratic March 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1885
48th Elected to finish member-elect Andrew Herron's term.
Lost renomination.

Alfred Briggs Irion
(Marksville)
Democratic March 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1887
49th Elected in 1884.
Lost renomination.

Edward White Robertson
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic March 4, 1887 –
August 2, 1887
50th Elected in 1886.
Died.
Vacant August 2, 1887 –
December 5, 1887

Samuel Matthews Robertson
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic December 5, 1887 –
March 3, 1907
50th
51st
52nd
53rd
54th
55th
56th
57th
58th
59th
Elected to finish his father's term.
Re-elected in 1888.
Re-elected in 1890.
Re-elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
Re-elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Re-elected in 1902.
Re-elected in 1904.
Lost renomination.

George Kent Favrot
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic March 4, 1907 –
March 3, 1909
60th Elected in 1906.
Lost renomination.

Robert Charles Wickliffe
(St. Francisville)
Democratic March 4, 1909 –
June 11, 1912
61st
62nd
Elected in 1908.
Re-elected in 1910.
Died.
Vacant June 11, 1912 –
November 5, 1912
62nd

Lewis Lovering Morgan
(Covington)
Democratic November 5, 1912 –
March 3, 1917
62nd
63rd
64th
Elected to finish Wickliffe's term.
Also elected to the next full term.
Re-elected in 1914.
Retired.

Jared Young Sanders
(Bogalusa)
Democratic March 4, 1917 –
March 3, 1921
65th
66th
Elected in 1916.
Re-elected in 1918.
Retired.

George Kent Favrot
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic March 4, 1921 –
March 3, 1925
67th
68th
Elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Lost renomination.

Bolivar E. Kemp
(Amite)
Democratic March 4, 1925 –
June 19, 1933
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
Elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Re-elected in 1932.
Died.
Vacant June 19, 1933 –
May 1, 1934
73rd

Jared Y. Sanders Jr.
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic May 1, 1934 –
January 3, 1937
73rd
74th
Elected to finish Kemp's term.
Re-elected in 1934.
Lost renomination.

John K. Griffith
(Slidell)
Democratic January 3, 1937 –
January 3, 1941
75th
76th
Elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Lost renomination.

Jared Y. Sanders Jr.
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic January 3, 1941 –
January 3, 1943
77th Elected in 1940.
Lost renomination.

James H. Morrison
(Hammond)
Democratic January 3, 1943 –
January 3, 1967
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th
Elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Lost renomination.

John Rarick
(Baton Rouge)
Democratic January 3, 1967 –
January 3, 1975
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
Elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Lost renomination.

Henson Moore
(Baton Rouge)
Republican January 3, 1975 –
January 3, 1987
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
Elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Richard Baker
(Baton Rouge)
Republican January 3, 1987 –
February 2, 2008
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
Elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Resigned to take a lobbying position at the Managed Funds Association.
2003–2013
Vacant February 2, 2008 –
May 3, 2008
110th

Don Cazayoux
(New Roads)
Democratic May 3, 2008 –
January 3, 2009
Elected to finish Baker's term.
Lost re-election.

Bill Cassidy
(Baton Rouge)
Republican January 3, 2009 –
January 3, 2015
111th
112th
113th
Elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
2013–2023

Garret Graves
(Baton Rouge)
Republican January 3, 2015 –
present
114th
115th
116th
117th
118th
Elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Re-elected in 2022.
2023–2025


Recent election results

2002

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Runoff Election (2002)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Richard H. Baker* 146,932 84.04
Libertarian Rick Moscatello 27,898 15.96
Total votes 174,830 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2004

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2004)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Richard H. Baker* 188,980 72.24
Democratic Rufus Craig, Jr. 50,642 19.36
Democratic Edward "Scott" Galmon 21,987 8.41
Total votes 261,609 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2006

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2006)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Richard H. Baker* 94,658 82.81
Libertarian Richard Fontanesi 19,648 17.19
Total votes 114,306 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2008

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Special Election (May 3, 2008)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Don Cazayoux 49,703 49.20
Republican Woody Jenkins 46,746 46.78
Independent Ashley Casey 3,718 3.68
Independent Peter J. Aranyosi 448 0.44
Constitution Randall T. Hayes 402 0.40
Total votes 101,017 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic gain from Republican
Louisiana's 6th Congressional District General Election (2008)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Cassidy 150,332 48.12
Democratic Don Cazayoux* 125,886 40.29
Independent Michael Jackson 36,198 11.59
Total votes 312,416 100.00
Turnout  
Republican gain from Democratic

2010

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2010)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Cassidy* 138,607 65.63
Democratic Merritt E. McDonald, Sr. 72,577 34.37
Total votes 211,184 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2012

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2012)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Cassidy* 243,553 79.41
Democratic Rufus Holt Craig, Jr. 32,185 10.49
Independent Richard Torregano 30,975 10.10
Total votes 306,713 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2014

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Runoff Election (2014)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Garret Graves* 139,209 62.4
Democratic Edwin Edwards 83,781 37.6
Total votes 222,990 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2016

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2016)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Garret Graves* 207,483 63
Republican Robert Lamar "Bob" Bell 33,592 10
Libertarian Richard M. Fontanesi 7,603 2
Other Devin Lance Graham 3,218 1
Democratic Richard Lieberman 49,380 15
Democratic Jermaine Sampson 29,822 9
Total votes 331,098 100.00
Turnout   71.3
Republican hold

2018

Louisiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2018)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Garret Graves* 186,553 69.5
Democratic Justin DeWitt 55,089 20.5
Democratic Andie Saizan 21,627 8.1
Other Devin Lance Graham 5,256 2.0
Total votes 268,525 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2020

Louisiana's 6th congressional district, 2020
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Garret Graves* 265,706 71.05
Democratic Dartanyon Williams 95,541 25.55
Libertarian Shannon Sloan 9,732 2.60
Independent Richard Torregano 3,017 0.81
Total votes 373,996 100.0
Republican hold

2022

Louisiana's 6th congressional district, 2022
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Garret Graves* 189,684 80.4
Libertarian Rufus Holt Craig 30,709 13.0
Republican Brian Belzer 15,535 6.6
Total votes 235,928 100.0
Republican hold

See also

References

  1. ^ "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (State-based)". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  2. ^ "My Congressional District".
  3. ^ "My Congressional District".
  4. ^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.

30°17′51″N 91°01′30″W / 30.29750°N 91.02500°W / 30.29750; -91.02500

This page was last edited on 10 March 2024, at 23:58
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