To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Diagram of the basic linear question presented below.

Logic games, abbreviated LG, and officially referred to as analytical reasoning, is one of three types of sections that appear on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). A logic games section contains four 5-8 question "games", totaling 22-25 questions. Each game contains a scenario and a set of rules that govern the scenario, followed by questions that test the test-taker's ability to understand and apply the rules, to draw inferences based on them. In the words of the  Law School Admission Council (LSAC), which administers the test, it "measure[s] the ability to understand a structure of relationships and to draw logical conclusions about that structure".[1] Like all other sections on the LSAT, the time allowed for this section is 35 minutes. While most students find this section to be the most difficult section on the LSAT, it is widely considered the easiest and fastest to improve at once the right strategies are learned and employed.[2]

What makes the games challenging is that the rules do not produce a single "correct" set of relationships among all elements of the game; rather, the examinee is tested on their ability to analyze the range of possibilities embedded in a set of rules. Individual questions often add rules or modify existing rules, requiring quick reorganization of known information.

The underlying skill tested by logic games is important to the practice of law in two aspects. First, American law often requires parties to prove essential elements of various multi-part tests to prevail on procedural motions or on the substantive merits of claims or defenses at trial. In other words, parties must present evidence to prove facts which go to each essential element to the satisfaction of the finder of fact (judge or jury). The parties' lawyers must work with imperfect information which may not evolve or develop as expected, and must be able to smoothly pivot between arguments and strategies as the record develops, especially during trial. That is, they must quickly think of another way to plug the facts as they develop into the elements the law says they must prove. Second, at trial, evidence is often inadmissible for one purpose against a party but may be admissible for another purpose, or admissible only against one side and not the other. The lawyers and the judge must evaluate admissibility in real time as evidence is introduced into the record, keeping in mind the relationships of each witness to the various parties and other witnesses and the potential purposes for which the evidence could be considered by the finder of fact.

In 2019 the LSAC reached a legal settlement with two blind LSAT test takers who claimed that it violated the Americans with Disabilities Act because they were unfairly penalized for not being able to draw the diagrams commonly used to solve the questions in the section. As part of the settlement, the LSAC agreed to review and overhaul the section within four years. In October 2023, it announced that the section would be replaced by a second logical reasoning section in August 2024.[3]

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/3
    Views:
    430 277
    59 283
    229 382
  • LSAT Logic Games | Logic Games Basics | How to Diagram LSAT Logic Games
  • How I scored Perfectly on the LSAT Logic Games!
  • LSAT Logic Games Pt. 1 (Sequencing)

Transcription

logic games can be intimidating but they're very learnable when you first start preparing for the exam it can feel like there are countless different types of games that can be thrown your way however the truth is all of the games that have appeared in the modern era can be defined in terms of just a few basic characteristics seven in fact my name is mike kim and i'm the author of the lsat trainer i want to talk with you a little bit about the general design of all LSAT Logic Games and i also want to discuss the one skill that will most determine how well you perform on test day your ability to diagram let's get started the well are here's a sample game there are four such games per logic games section each game presents a scenario and set of rules the further define that scenario then we will be asked five to seven questions that test our understanding of the situation that we've been given we'll come back to this game in just a bit but first let's discuss the general design of all lsat logic games every game that has appeared in the modern era can be thought of in terms of three main design issues assignment ordering and grouping that's assignment ordering and grouping let's break this down every game is about assigning elements to positions seven runners compete in a race or six friends split up into two different cars your diagram will always involve positions and a list of elements and most commonly you will notate assignment rules by either placing elements into these positions or crossing out the elements above or below them about two thirds of all games relate these positions in some sort of order imagine that the runners game tells us that they finished the race one-at-a-time and let's imagine that we are given a rule about f and g what could they tell us? they tell us that f finishes ahead of g or vice verse of course or maybe that f finishes right before g or that f finishes exactly two spots ahead a g or maybe there's exactly one person that finishes between f_ and g_ but we don't know if f or g goes first there are lots of different types of ordering rules but they're all closely related to one another about half of all games arrange elements into groups like the different groupings of friends that will ride in various cars for example we will generally represent grouping rules vertically and mark that elements go together or don't by stacking them once in a while it also makes sense to use other notations like this one on the right so again assignment, ordering and grouping this trio represents the core of what all lsat games are about and now we've got two categories of complications a pair of design complications and a pair of rules complications let's quickly discuss them some games involves subsets characteristics that further define the positions the elements or both we can notate subsets using lower case letters imagine for example the for the runners game we're told that some of the runners are men and others are women if we get a rule about a certain element being a man or woman or about a man or woman finishing in a certain position we can notate it like so and some games involve numbers issues these most typically appear when the number of positions is left uncertain or when the number of positions doesn't equal the number of elements imagine for example the going back to the cars grouping game each car can sit up to four but there's six friends total and we're not sure how they're going to be split up if we have rules about which spaces get filled or not we can notate those like so finally some of the rules are complicated by being made conditional or complex some rules are conditional that is is that it is instead of just telling us, they tell us that if one thing is true then another thing will be true here some examples of conditional rules we'll always notate conditional relationships using arrows and finally some rules are complex they involve multiple components typically by using the words and or or here's some examples complex rules can be intimidating but they're also often very very useful let's use a simple example to illustrate why imagine you had this game and got this rule notice that by itself this rule helps dictate three of six assignments half the board and commonly when it's coupled with some of the other rules of the game the complex rule be the most important one in terms of dictating where elements can and cannot go here's some of the key points that we've discussed thus far all lsat logic games are about assigning elements to positions about two thirds of all games involve ordering and about half of all games involve grouping some games like the one about the play involved both ordering and grouping the design of certain games can be further complicated by subsets and numbers issues and rules can be complicated by being made conditional or complex just seven issues for you to master and if you can learn to think about all LSAT logic games in terms of these seven conditions it will put you in a great position to perform at your best on test day now its return to the game we saw at the beginning of the video so we can discuss the specific diagramming and problem solving strategies please go ahead and cause the video if you'd like to try this on your own before seeing the solution i think it's always a good idea to read the scenario and the rules before you start diagramming this will help you figure out your priorities and it'll tip you off on the best way to lay out the game in this case you get eight friends playing four matches of chess in order and we can set up our base and list our elements like so one thing i noticed in the initial read was that three of the rules involve g so i'm going to think about and notate these rules first and though this is a small step i'll go ahead and notate the fourth rule right next to the first one because I can see that those two are very closely related to one another next i'll go on to the other rules and notate those as well during the test I'd probably just write in the H I rule but if you want to include but not both to make sure you remember that of course you should do so and finally it's helpful to mark the elements that haven't been mentioned in any of the rules in addition to notating the rules i always want to do to other things during the setup one look for inferences the things that we figure out by bringing the rules together some games have big upfront inferences that are essential for us to and cover and others like this one don't in this case probably the most interesting inferences are that G and M can't play in the fourth game and K can't play in the first or second you can notate those but it's not essential two i want to confirm that my notations are exactly correct and i can do that by looking at each notation saying to myself what it means and checking my understanding back against the original text okay now that we've done that let's go ahead and use our diagram to answer the question notice the question stem gives us new information in the form of a condition every time a question gives you new information you should expect that you'll be able to make inferences off of it and that these inferences will be what lead you to getting to the right answer here were told that L plays in the third match looking at the rules we can see that that also means f must play in the third match looking right above the f_ l_ rule we can see that if g_ had played in the second match F couldn't play in the third that must mean G doesn't play in the second match G plays in the first match And since G and M can't play one another and both g and m must go before k M must play in the second match and K must play in the fourth we've got two open slots and j and either H or I to fill them let's go through that one more time if L plays in the third match f does as well we must place g M and k and G and M must go before k G can't go in two because F is in three so G must go in one M must go in two and K must go in four now let's look at the answers we're asked which answer cannot possibly be true that means we need the one answer that must be false we should expect that the work we've already done makes that answer obvious there's no reason a_b_c_or e have to be false and d is the correct answer there's no place for H and J to play one another i hope that explanation is clear for further discussion on some of the topics that we covered today including a breakdown of recent lsat logic games based on these seven characteristics please check out my website the lsat trainer dot com if you're ready to get started studying using the trainer methods you can purchase the book on amazon and hopefully in your local bookstore we discussed at the beginning the lsat logic games are very learnable i hope this video gave you the sense that that is indeed true if you sat through this whole thing you must be very interested in getting yourself a top score thank you so much for watching i wish you the best and take care

Common game types

Basic linear

In a basic linear game, two sets of variables are provided. The first set of variables, sometimes referred to as the 'base variables,' is often days of the week, an order of arrival, or some other order. The second variable set is then matched to the first set according to a set of rule. For example:

Eight runners, F, G, H, I, J, K, L and M, are running a marathon. The runners arrive at the finish line one at a time. The following facts are known about the runners' order of arrival.

F does not arrive first or last.

H arrives either immediately before or immediately after K.

If G arrives before H, G also arrives before I.

M arrives fifth.

After setting the scenario, the game challenges the test-taker with questions such as:

If F arrives at the finish line second, and H third, which one of the following runners cannot arrive at the finish line first:

a. J

b. K

c. L

d. G

e. I

Advanced linear

Advanced linear games are similar to basic linear games, but three or more sets of variables are presented. For example:

Seven runners, F, G, H, I, J, K and L, are running a marathon. Each runner wears a shirt that is blue, red, yellow or purple. No runner's shirt has more than one color. The runners arrive at the finish line one at a time.

The game can then provide rules and pose questions relating to the order of arrival of a runner, the color of a specific runner's shirt, sequences of color that must or must not be present, the shirt color of the runner that comes first etc.

Grouping

Grouping games provide variables that must be assigned to groups, but not in a specific order or sequence. For example:

Eight soccer players, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W and X, must each be assigned to one of two groups, group 1 and group 2. No more than five players are assigned to one group.

T and U may not be in the same group.

If S and V are assigned to the same group, X is also assigned to that group.

Grouping linear combinations

Combination games follow a similar structure but include both linear and grouping elements.

Less common game types

In addition to the common games, the LSAT sometimes includes other types of games that appear less frequently. Examples of less common games are:

  • Mapping – Distribution of marks or landmarks on a map.
  • Pure sequencing – A variation on the basic linear games, but no placement rules are given, only sequencing rules.
  • Circular linearity – Similar to linear games, but the variables are placed in a circle rather than a straight line, thus allowing spatial relationships in addition to the neighboring relationships.
  • Pattern – A variation on the advanced linear games, but no placement rules are given, only pattern rules.[4]

Method

To solve the game quickly and efficiently, test-takers usually draw a master diagram at the bottom of the page. The rules and key inferences are written down in short symbols next to the diagram, and, where possible, marked on the diagram itself. A smaller diagram can also be drawn next to a specific question if that question poses any additional rules. On some games, it is helpful to create separate diagrams of all the possibilities and then use that to tackle the questions.

See also

References

  1. ^ "About The LSAT". LSAC.org. Law School Admission Council. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  2. ^ "Test Prep: 7 Tips for LSAT Success". US News. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  3. ^ Sloan, Karen (2023-10-18). "Law School Admission Test to drop 'logic games' questions from exam". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  4. ^ Kiloram, David M. (1974). LSAT Logic Games Bible. Webcom – Toronto Ontario. p. 147.

External links

This page was last edited on 9 March 2024, at 20:41
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.