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During the initial phase of the Troubles (1969-1972), the Provisional IRA was poorly equipped and primarily used weapons from World War II. Beginning in the 1970s, the Provisional IRA began importing modern weapons from the United States, Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, and arms dealers in mainland Europe, the Middle East, and elsewhere.
In IRA arsenal from the outset of the Troubles.[11][12][13] Continued limited usage by the IRA into the late 1970s.[14] Loaded .303 rifles found by Irish security forces at an IRA training camp in Kilkelly, County Mayo, as late as 1985; Lee-Enfield reportedly still in active use in sniper role in late 1980s.[4][15]
Example found by Irish security forces at Buncrana in County Donegal in 1976, serial number traced to Harrison Network.[24] Example also demonstrated at an IRA training camp in 1983.[1]
Rifle found in IRA safehouse and bomb factory in Liverpool, England in 1975.[28][29] Example also appeared in IRA arms shipment from the United States in the early 1980s.[19]
Several traced to batch of 100 stolen from Norwegian Reserve base near Oslo in May 1984.[30][20] Already reportedly in IRA inventory as early as 1981 and used in attacks.[31][1][32]
Small numbers reported in IRA inventory by 1976.[33] Several attempts at importing from the Middle East and United States foiled in 1970s.[20] Used in attacks and at training camps from at least 1983.[34][1] Provided by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi 1985-1986.[5] 1,000 rifles seized by French security forces aboard the Libyan arms freighter Eksund in 1987. IRA believed to still have approximately 650 AK-47/AKM rifles in inventory in 1992.[20]
Large haul of vz.58 rifles found in intercepted Libyan arms shipments in 1970s.[35] Vz. 58 reportedly acquired by IRA later and used in incident in which an Irish Army soldier and Garda officer were killed at Derrada Wood, Ballinamore, County Leitrim in December 1983.[36] Six rifles found in a car stopped at permanent British Army checkpoint on the main Dublin-Road in 1988, Libyan connection suspected.[37][38] Example found in a hidden IRA arms dump in Newry, County Down, in 1989.[39] Weapons described as "Czech versions" of the AK-47/AKM were reportedly part of mid-1980s arms shipments from Libya.[5]
Used by the South Armagh Brigade from at least 1983.[41] FN CAL rifle used in killing of IPLO member in Newry in 1991 linked to 1985 attacks on British Army helicopters in South Armagh.[42][43] The IRA reported using "Cal semi-automatic rifles" in an attack in north Antrim in 1985[44] and in Belfast in 1987.[45]
First documented in IRA armoury in early 1985[46] notably before some regular militaries who had ordered the FNC.[47] Widespread usage[47] with forty examples recovered by British security forces by 1991.[48]
A 5.45×39mm round was extracted from a British soldier shot in an IRA ambush in August 1992 in County Tyrone. Security sources suspected the IRA had acquired AK-74 rifles in the former Soviet bloc, or it was part of an earlier Libyan shipment.[50][51]
Bolt-action .50 BMG rifle[55] manufactured by former Barret employee Ron Freshour of Texas.[54] Dubbed the "Tejas rifle" by security forces and media after being seized in Belfast with "Tejas" found engraved on stock.[56]
1993 newspaper report alleged IRA was in possession of the rifle.[58] Attempt to smuggle Dragunov rifles from the USA in late 1990s foiled by the FBI.[59]
Used from the outset of the Troubles, including some from the IRA in the 1920s[14] and also the later simplified M1 model.[63] Less common by the late 1970s but reportedly still seeing usage in early 1980s.[64]
Several seized aboard the Libyan arms freighter Eksund in 1987, reportedly fitted with silencers.[72] Separately, examples confiscated from the INLA and IPLO in late 1980s and early 1990s.[73]
One used intensively by the IRA in the Ballymurphy area of Belfast in 1972,[75][76] captured by British Army in February 1977.[77] Another Lewis gun was found in an IRA arms dump outside Kildare in January 1990.[78][79]
Six M60s and forty-six[83] M16s stolen in raid on National Guard armoury in Danvers, Massachusetts in August 1976 by the Irish and Italian mafias and purchased by the Harrison Network. Five M60s arrived in Ireland in late 1977, sixth delayed to 1979.[84][85][86] Two more M60s seized by police in large weapons shipment at Dublin port in 1979.[84]
Stolen from the Norwegian Army in 1984, security sources theorised an unknown quantity of MG3s were smuggled to Ireland in the late 1980s/early 1990s.[87] Example recovered from an IRA unit arrested in County Donegal in September 1992.[88]
Example recovered by British security forces after the Loughgall ambush in 1987.[89] Examples recovered from an IRA arms bunker near Strabane in 1988[92] and an IRA arms dump in north County Donegal in 1989[82][81] Example recovered near Letterkenny in 1992 by Gardaí from an IRA unit captured while preparing for a large-scale attack.[93] Examples were also found in an arms hide in Belfast in 1990[94] and in a large arms dump at an IRA base in north London in 1990.[95] According to former senior IRA member and British informer Declan Casey, the IRA's West Tyrone Brigade favoured the SPAS-12 for close-range attacks.[58]
A single example discovered in a large hidden arms bunker under a farm outhouse in Gormanston, County Meath in 1991.[103] In 1981 the Harrison Network was trying to acquire 40 mm grenades suitable for an M79 grenade launcher, according to FBI testimony.[104]
Two examples[25] recovered, one in Belfast in late 1971[105] and another in Derry following Operation Motorman in 1972.[106] Derry rifle linked to attack on British Army Saracen APC.[25] .55 rounds found in hidden IRA arms dump in County Donegal in early 1974.[107]
In August 1971 the search of a farmhouse outside Cookstown, County Tyrone, by the British Army and RUC uncovered IRA training literature, including a manual for a "Solothurn 20mm anti-tank rifle."[108] IRA unit employed a Solothurn 20mm anti-tank rifle in a battle with the British Army along the County Louth border in January 1972, later captured by Gardaí.[109] Solothurn S-18/1000 seized at New York home of IRA gun runner George Harrison in June 1981.[104][110] Crate of 20×138mmB Solothurn ammunition found in IRA arms dump outside Kildare in 1990.[79]
Several imported from the United States in the late 1950s but first employed by the IRA in late 1971, in Belfast. Supplanted by the RPG-7.[5][111][112]
25 launchers and 496 warheads smuggled to Ireland from Libya in late 1972[113] and further shipments from Libya in 1985-1987. Attempted import from Lebanon intercepted in Antwerp in 1977.[20] First used in 1972, with nearly two hundred attacks involving the RPG-7 recorded by 1981.[114] The IRA was believed to still have upwards of 40 launchers in inventory in 1992.[89]
Anti-armour grenade manufactured by the IRA. First appeared in late 1987. Design resembled a WW1-era German hand grenade, with a tin can filled with Semtex with a handle and a parachute device. Parachute ensured a copper cone attached to the top was the first point of contact, facilitating a shaped charge effect.[74]
Improvised flamethrower using a liquid manure spreader filled with fuel mix.[126] Employed in a number of attacks on British Army fortifications in the early 1990s.[127][128]
"Barrack buster" most powerful of a series of IRA home-made mortars from early 1970s onwards. British military analysts assessed the conventional-style bipod and baseplate 60mm "Mark 6" model in 1993 as "extremely well-made and may easily be mistaken for military models."[129][130]
^Geraghty, Toby (1998). The Irish War: the Hidden Conflict Between the IRA and British Intelligence. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 190. ISBN0-8018-6456-9.
^"Three years for former boss of Bray Travel", Bray People, 2 August 1991.
^Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001–2002, Jane's Information Group, 2000
Bibliography
French, Laurence Armand (2018). The History of Policing America: From Militias and Military to the Law Enforcement of Today. Lanham, Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN978-1538102039.
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This page was last edited on 4 April 2024, at 01:03