The rivers of Ecuador are an important part of the nation's geography and economy. Most of the over 2,000 rivers and streams[1] have headwaters in the Andes mountain range, flowing therefrom either westward toward the Pacific Ocean or eastward toward the Amazon River.[2] Narrow in the highlands, the majority of the rivers broaden as they reach the lower elevations of the Coast and Oriente.[2] During the rainy season, which lasts from January to April, the rivers that drain into the Pacific flood and often cause damage.
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Transcription
Geography
The two main water systems are the Esmeraldas River in the North and the Guayas in the South.[3]
The Esmeraldas begins as the Guayllabamba River in the Sierra, flowing west before emptying in the Pacific near the city of Esmeraldas.
The Guayas forms to the north of Guayaquil, where the Daule and the Babahoyo Rivers converge. The Babahayo arises from its tributaries in the Andes. The Guayas basin covers 40,000 square kilometers.[2]
The most important rivers in the Oriente are the Pastaza, Napo, and Putumayo. The Pastaza includes the Agoyan Waterfall, Ecuador's highest.
Economy
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the indigenous people of Ecuador used the rivers for fishing and transportation, although frequent waterfalls limited canoe travel in the Andes. The rivers long continued to be an important means of transportation, especially as the mountains made road and railroad building difficult.
Since the 20th century, rivers have become an important source of electric power in Ecuador. As of 2006, hydroelectric dams have a capacity 1,750 megawatts.[1] Some critics have noted that these projects have tended to be "substantially oversized" without "delivering the promised energy benefits."[1] In 2008, President Rafael Correa announced that the government planned to build eleven new hydroelectric power plants.[4] Almost all of the dam projects face opposition from local communities that fear negative environmental impacts on the land and a lack of transparency in decision-making.[1]
Recreational rafting on the rivers has become an important part of Ecuador's tourism-based economy.
Rivers
This listing is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name.
Atlantic Ocean
- Putumayo River
- Napo River
- Marañón River (Peru)
- Tigre River
- Corrientes River
- Conambo River
- Pintoyacu River or Pindoyacu
- Pastaza River
- Morona River
- Santiago River
- Chinchipe River
- Tigre River
Pacific Ocean
- Carchi River
- Mira River
- San Juan River
- Chota River
- Cayapas River
- Santiago River
- Onzole River
- Esmeraldas River
- Guayllabamba River
- Blanco River
- Quininde River
- Muisne River
- Cojimies River
- Coaque River
- Jama River
- Chone River
- Portoviejo River
- Jipijapa River
- Guayas River
- Cañar River
- Balao River
- Jubones River
- Arenillas River
- Zarumilla River
- Tumbes River
- Chira River
See also
Citations
References
- Gerlach, Allen (2002). Indians, Oil, and Politics: A Recent History of Ecuador. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-8420-5108-2.
- Hanratty, Dennis M. (1989). Ecuador: A Country Study. Washington, D.C.: GPO for the Library of Congress.
- Terry, Matt (2007-12-15). "Ecuador's Water Crisis: Damming the Water Capital of the World". International Rivers. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
- "Ecuador to Build 11 New Hydroelectric Dams". Xinhua News Agency. 2008-05-22. Archived from the original on March 1, 2010. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
- Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
- GEOnet Names Server
- Water Resources Assessment of Ecuador
This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 05:44