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List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

These lists are a companion to the Wikipedia article entitled United States presidential nominating convention.

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Transcription

Significant third-party conventions before 1860

Elec-
tion
Party City Year Presidential
nominee
Notes
1832 Anti-Masonic Baltimore, Maryland 1831 William Wirt usually considered the first U.S. political party nominating convention
1836 Anti-Masonic Philadelphia 1836 no candidate nominated
1840 Anti-Masonic Philadelphia 1838 William Henry Harrison (Whig) By 1840, Anti-Masons had been largely absorbed into the Whig Party
Liberty Albany, New York 1840 James G. Birney first U.S. anti-slavery political party
1844 Liberty Buffalo, New York 1843 James G. Birney
1848 Free Soil Utica, New York & Buffalo 1848 Martin Van Buren united Liberty Party supporters with anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs
1852 Free Soil Pittsburgh 1852 John P. Hale Most Free-Soilers joined the Republican Party after its foundation in 1854.
1856 American Philadelphia 1856 Millard Fillmore (Whig) The anti-immigrant American (or Know Nothing) Party endorsed Fillmore in February 1856, followed by the Whigs in September.

Major-party conventions

The two right-hand columns show nominations by notable conventions not shown elsewhere. Some of the nominees (e.g. the Whigs before 1860 and Theodore Roosevelt in 1912) received very large votes, while others who received less than 1% of the total national popular vote are listed to show historical continuity or transition. [For example, the Equal Rights Party convention of 1872 nominated the first national ticket to include either a woman (Victoria Woodhull) or an African-American (Frederick Douglass), although this ticket received no votes at all.]

Many important candidates are not shown here because they were never endorsed by a national party convention (e.g. William Henry Harrison in 1836, George C. Wallace in 1968, John B. Anderson in 1980 and Ross Perot in 1992); for a list by year of all notable candidates (at least one Elector or 0.1% of the popular vote), please see List of United States presidential candidates.

Note that there is no organizational continuity between the American Parties of 1856 and 1972, the Union Parties of 1860, 1864, 1888, 1900 and 1936, or the Progressive Parties of 1912–16, 1924 and 1948–52.

Presidential winner in bold.
People's [Middle of the Road] = "Middle of the Road" faction of the People's Party, who opposed fusing with the Democrats after 1896.
Elec-
tion
Democratic
convention
Democratic
nominee
Republican
convention
Republican
nominee
Other
conventions
Other
nominees
1832 Baltimore, Maryland Andrew Jackson Baltimore (National Republican, 1831) Henry Clay
1836 Baltimore (1835) Martin Van Buren
1840 Baltimore Martin Van Buren Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Whig, 1839) William Henry Harrison
1844 Baltimore James K. Polk Baltimore (Whig) Henry Clay
1848 Baltimore Lewis Cass Baltimore (Whig) Zachary Taylor
1852 Baltimore Franklin Pierce Baltimore (Whig) Winfield Scott
1856 Cincinnati James Buchanan Philadelphia John C. Frémont Baltimore (Whig) Millard Fillmore
1860 Baltimore
and
Charleston, South Carolina
Stephen A. Douglas (Official);
John C. Breckinridge (Southern)
Chicago Abraham Lincoln Baltimore
(Constitutional Union)
John Bell
1864 Chicago George B. McClellan Baltimore
(National Union)
Abraham Lincoln Cleveland
(Radical Democracy)
John C. Frémont — withdrew
1868 New York City Horatio Seymour Chicago Ulysses S. Grant
1872 Baltimore Horace Greeley
(Liberal Republican)
Philadelphia Ulysses S. Grant Cincinnati, Ohio (Liberal Republican) Horace Greeley
Louisville, Kentucky
(Straight-Out Democratic)
Charles O'Conordeclined
New York (Equal Rights)[1][2] Victoria Woodhull
1876 St. Louis Samuel J. Tilden Cincinnati Rutherford B. Hayes Indianapolis (Greenback) Peter Cooper
1880 Cincinnati Winfield S. Hancock Chicago James A. Garfield Chicago (Greenback) James B. Weaver
1884 Chicago Grover Cleveland Chicago James G. Blaine Indianapolis (Greenback) Benjamin F. Butler
1888 St. Louis Grover Cleveland Chicago Benjamin Harrison Cincinnati (Union Labor) Alson Streeter
1892 Chicago Grover Cleveland Minneapolis Benjamin Harrison Omaha, Nebraska (People's) James B. Weaver
1896 Chicago William Jennings Bryan
& Arthur Sewall
St. Louis William McKinley & Garret Hobart St. Louis (People's) Wm J. Bryan (Dem.) & Thomas E. Watson (People's)
St. Louis (National Silver Party) Wm J. Bryan (Dem.) & Arthur Sewall (Dem.)
Indianapolis (National [Gold] Democratic) John M. Palmer & Simon Bolivar Buckner
1900 Kansas City William Jennings Bryan Philadelphia William McKinley Cincinnati (People's [Middle of the Road] ) Wharton Barker
Baltimore (Union Reform) Seth Ellis
1904 St. Louis Alton B. Parker Chicago Theodore Roosevelt Indianapolis (People's [Middle of the Road] ) Thomas E. Watson
1908 Denver William Jennings Bryan Chicago William Howard Taft St. Louis (People's [Middle of the Road] ) Thomas E. Watson
Chicago (Independence) Thomas L. Hisgen
1912 Baltimore Woodrow Wilson Chicago William Howard Taft Chicago (Progressive) Theodore Roosevelt
1916 St. Louis Woodrow Wilson Chicago Charles Evans Hughes Chicago (Progressive) [Theodore Roosevelt] — intended nomination declined beforehand
1920 San Francisco James M. Cox Chicago Warren G. Harding Chicago (Farmer-Labor) Parley P. Christensen
1924 New York City John W. Davis Cleveland Calvin Coolidge Cincinnati (Progressive) Robert La Follette, Sr.
1928 Houston Al Smith Kansas City Herbert Hoover Chicago (Farmer-Labor) Frank E. Webb
1932 Chicago Franklin Roosevelt Chicago Herbert Hoover Omaha (Farmer-Labor) Jacob S. Coxey, Sr.
1936 Philadelphia Franklin Roosevelt Cleveland Alf Landon Cleveland (Union) William Lemke
1940 Chicago Franklin Roosevelt Philadelphia Wendell Willkie
1944 Chicago Franklin Roosevelt Chicago Thomas E. Dewey
1948 Philadelphia Harry S. Truman Philadelphia Thomas E. Dewey Philadelphia (Progressive) Henry A. Wallace
Birmingham (States' Rights Democratic) Strom Thurmond
1952 Chicago Adlai Stevenson II Chicago Dwight Eisenhower Chicago (Progressive) Vincent Hallinan
1956 Chicago Adlai Stevenson II San Francisco Dwight Eisenhower Richmond, Virginia (States' Rights) T. Coleman Andrews
1960 Los Angeles John F. Kennedy Chicago Richard Nixon Dayton, Ohio (National States' Rights) Orval Faubus
1964 Atlantic City Lyndon B. Johnson San Francisco Barry Goldwater
1968 Chicago Hubert Humphrey Miami Beach Richard Nixon Ann Arbor, Mich. (Peace & Freedom) Eldridge Cleaver
1972 Miami Beach George McGovern Miami Beach Richard Nixon Louisville, Kentucky (American Party) John G. Schmitz
St Louis (People's Party) Benjamin Spock
1976 New York City Jimmy Carter Kansas City Gerald Ford Chicago (American Independent Party) Lester Maddox
Salt Lake City, Utah (American Party) Thomas J. Anderson
1980 New York City Jimmy Carter
& Walter Mondale
Detroit Ronald Reagan
& George H.W. Bush
Cleveland (Citizens) Barry Commoner
& LaDonna Harris
1984 San Francisco Walter Mondale
& Geraldine Ferraro
Dallas Ronald Reagan
& George H.W. Bush
Saint Paul, Minnesota (Citizens) Sonia Johnson
& Richard J. Walton
1988 Atlanta Michael Dukakis
& Lloyd Bentsen
New Orleans George H.W. Bush
& Dan Quayle
1992 New York City Bill Clinton
& Al Gore
Houston George H.W. Bush
& Dan Quayle
Washington, D.C. (Natural Law Party) John Hagelin
& Mike Tompkins
1996 Chicago Bill Clinton
& Al Gore
San Diego Bob Dole
& Jack Kemp
Long Beach & Valley Forge (Reform) Ross Perot
& Pat Choate
2000 Los Angeles Al Gore
& Joe Lieberman
Philadelphia George W. Bush
& Dick Cheney
Long Beach, California (Reform) Pat Buchanan
& Ezola Foster
2004 Boston John Kerry
& John Edwards
New York City George W. Bush
& Dick Cheney
Irving, Texas (Reform) [3] Ralph Nader (ind.)
& Peter Camejo (ind.)
2008 Denver Barack Obama
& Joe Biden
Saint Paul John McCain
& Sarah Palin
2012 Charlotte Barack Obama
& Joe Biden
Tampa Mitt Romney
& Paul Ryan
2016 Philadelphia Hillary Clinton
& Tim Kaine
Cleveland Donald Trump
& Mike Pence
2020 Milwaukee Joe Biden
& Kamala Harris
Charlotte Donald Trump
& Mike Pence

Third-party conventions since 1872

Prohibition and socialist parties

The Prohibition Party was organized in 1869. At the 1896 Prohibition Party convention in Pittsburgh, the majority of delegates supported a "narrow-gauge" platform confined to the prohibition of alcohol, while a "broad-gauge" minority — who also wanted to advocate for Free Silver and other reforms — broke away to form the National Party.

The Socialist Party of America (1901–1972) resulted from a merger of the Social Democratic Party (founded 1898) with dissenting members of the Socialist Labor Party (founded 1876). The Socialist Party of America stopped running its own candidates for president after 1956, but a minority of SPA members who disagreed with this policy broke away in 1973 to form the Socialist Party USA (SPUSA).

Note that the years refer to the relevant presidential election and not necessarily to the date of a convention making a nomination for that election. Some nominating conventions meet in the year before an election.

Elec-
tion
Prohibition Party convention Prohibition Party nominee Socialist Labor Party convention Socialist Labor Party nominee Social Democratic or Socialist Party convention Social Democratic or Socialist Party nominee
1872 Columbus, Ohio James Black
1876 Cleveland Green Clay Smith
1880 Cleveland Neal Dow
1884 Pittsburgh John St. John
1888 Indianapolis Clinton B. Fisk
1892 Cincinnati John Bidwell New York City Simon Wing
1896 Pittsburgh (Prohibition Party) Joshua Levering New York City Charles Matchett
Pittsburgh (National Party) Charles Eugene Bentley
1900 Chicago John G. Woolley New York City Joseph F. Malloney Indianapolis (SDP) Eugene V. Debs
1904 Indianapolis Silas C. Swallow New York City Charles H. Corregan Chicago (SPA) Eugene V. Debs
1908 Columbus Eugene W. Chafin New York City August Gillhaus Chicago (SPA) Eugene V. Debs
1912 Atlantic City Eugene W. Chafin New York City Arthur E. Reimer Indianapolis (SPA) Eugene V. Debs
1916 St. Paul J. Frank Hanly New York City Arthur E. Reimer (mail ballot) (Allan L. Benson)
1920 Lincoln, Nebraska Aaron Watkins New York City William Wesley Cox New York City (SPA) Eugene V. Debs
1924 Columbus Herman P. Faris New York City Frank T. Johns Cleveland (SPA) Robert La Follette, Sr. (Progressive)
1928 Chicago William F. Varney New York City Verne L. Reynolds New York City (SPA) Norman Thomas
1932 Indianapolis William D. Upshaw New York City Verne L. Reynolds Milwaukee (SPA) Norman Thomas
1936 Niagara Falls, New York D. Leigh Colvin New York City John W. Aiken Cleveland (SPA) Norman Thomas
1940 Chicago Roger W. Babson New York City John W. Aiken Washington, D.C. (SPA) Norman Thomas
1944 Indianapolis Claude A. Watson New York City Edward A. Teichert Reading (SPA) Norman Thomas
1948 Winona Lake, Indiana Claude A. Watson New York City Edward A. Teichert Reading (SPA) Norman Thomas
1952 Indianapolis Stuart Hamblen New York City Eric Hass Cleveland (SPA) Darlington Hoopes
1956 Milford, Indiana Enoch A. Holtwick New York City Eric Hass Chicago (SPA) Darlington Hoopes
1960 Winona Lake, 1959 Rutherford Decker New York City Eric Hass
1964 Chicago E. Harold Munn New York City Eric Hass
1968 Detroit E. Harold Munn Brooklyn Henning A. Blomen
1972 Wichita, Kansas E. Harold Munn Detroit Louis Fisher
1976 Wheat Ridge, Colorado Benjamin C. Bubar Southfield, Michigan Jules Levin Milwaukee (SPUSA) Frank P. Zeidler
1980 Birmingham Benjamin C. Bubar     Milwaukee (SPUSA) David McReynolds
1984 Mandan, North Dakota Earl Dodge     Milwaukee (SPUSA) Sonia Johnson (Citizens')
1988 Springfield, Illinois Earl Dodge     Milwaukee (SPUSA) Willa Kenoyer
1992 Minneapolis Earl Dodge     Chicago (SPUSA) J. Quinn Brisben
1996 Denver Earl Dodge     Cambridge (SPUSA 1995) Mary Cal Hollis
2000 Bird-in-Hand, Pennsylvania Earl Dodge     Milwaukee (SPUSA) David McReynolds
2004 Fairfield Glade, Tennessee Gene Amondson     Chicago (SPUSA) Walt Brown
2008 Indianapolis Gene Amondson     St. Louis (SPUSA) Brian Moore
2012 Cullman, Alabama Jack Fellure     Los Angeles (SPUSA) Stewart Alexander
2016 (conference call) (James Hedges)     Milwaukee (SPUSA) Mimi Soltysik
2020 (conference call) (Phil Collins)     Newark (SPUSA 2019) Howie Hawkins (Green)
2024 Buffalo (2023) Michael Wood     (Zoom call, SPUSA, 2023) (Bill Stodden}

Workers', Communist and Socialist Workers parties

The Communist Party was formed by Leninists who had left the Socialist Party of America in 1919. The Socialist Workers Party was formed by Communists who followed Leon Trotsky rather than Joseph Stalin and briefly joined the Socialist Party before forming their own party in 1937.

Election Communist Party convention Communist nominee SWP convention Socialist Workers
 Party
nominee
1924 Chicago [Workers Party] William Z. Foster
1928 New York City
[Workers (Communist) Party]
William Z. Foster
1932 Chicago William Z. Foster
1936 New York City Earl Browder
1940 New York City Earl Browder
1944 CPUSA briefly dissolved into
Communist Political Association
1948 New York City Henry A. Wallace (Progressive) New York City Farrell Dobbs
1952 Vincent Hallinan (Progressive) New York City Farrell Dobbs
1956 New York City Farrell Dobbs
1960 (Farrell Dobbs)
1964 New York City Clifton DeBerry
1968 New York City Charlene Mitchell New York City Fred Halstead
1972 New York City Gus Hall Detroit Linda Jenness
1976 Chicago Gus Hall (Peter Camejo}
1980 Detroit Gus Hall Oberlin, Ohio Andrew Pulley
1984 Cleveland, Ohio Gus Hall New York City Melvin T. Mason
1988 New York City James Warren
1992 Chicago James Warren

Libertarian, Green, and Constitution Parties

In 1999, the United States Taxpayers' Party changed its name to the Constitution Party.

The individual article about a Libertarian convention after 1980 or a Green Party convention after 1996 is linked to its respective city in the table below. Cities linked for Constitution and U.S. Taxpayers' Party conventions lead to individual sections of Constitution Party National Convention.

Elec-
tion
Libertarian Party convention Libertarian Party nominee Green Party convention Green Party nominee U.S. Taxpayers' or Constitution Party convention U.S. Taxpayers' or Constitution Party nominee
1972 Denver John Hospers
1976 New York Roger MacBride
1980 Los Angeles Ed Clark
1984 New York (1983) David Bergland
1988 Seattle (1987) Ron Paul
1992 Chicago (1991) André Marrou New Orleans (US Taxpayers') Howard Phillips
1996 Washington, D.C. Harry Browne Los Angeles Ralph Nader San Diego (US Taxpayers') Howard Phillips
2000 Anaheim Harry Browne Denver Ralph Nader St. Louis (Constitution, 1999) Howard Phillips
2004 Atlanta Michael Badnarik Milwaukee David Cobb Valley Forge, Pa. (Constitution) Michael Peroutka
2008 Denver Bob Barr Chicago Cynthia McKinney Kansas City (Constitution) Chuck Baldwin
2012 Las Vegas Gary Johnson Baltimore Jill Stein Nashville (Constitution) Virgil Goode
2016 Orlando Gary Johnson Houston Jill Stein Salt Lake City (Constitution) Darrell Castle
2020 (Online) (Jo Jorgensen) (Online) (Howie Hawkins) (Online) (Constitution) (Don Blankenship)

Location of the Party Convention in Relation to Election Winner

The list below shows the location of the party convention, along with the winner of the election. Bold font indicates that party won the presidential election. If the party won the state where the convention was held the box is shaded. Other parties are only listed if they garnered electoral college votes.[4]

Election Democratic Convention Republican Convention Other Party Convention
1832 Baltimore Baltimore (National Republican, 1831)
1836 Baltimore (1835)
1840 Baltimore Harrisburg, Penna. (Whig, 1839)
1844 Baltimore Baltimore (Whig)
1848 Baltimore Baltimore (Whig)
1852 Baltimore Baltimore (Whig)
1856 Cincinnati Philadelphia Baltimore (American)
1860 Charleston & Baltimore Chicago Baltimore (Constitutional Union)
1864 Chicago Baltimore (National Union)
1868 New York City Chicago
1872 Baltimore Philadelphia
1876 St. Louis Cincinnati
1880 Cincinnati Chicago
1884 Chicago Chicago
1888 St. Louis Chicago
1892 Chicago Minneapolis Omaha (People's)
1896 Chicago St. Louis
1900 Kansas City Philadelphia
1904 St. Louis Chicago
1908 Denver Chicago
1912 Baltimore Chicago Chicago (Progressive)
1916 St. Louis Chicago
1920 San Francisco Chicago
1924 New York City Cleveland Cincinnati (Progressive)
1928 Houston Kansas City
1932 Chicago Chicago
1936 Philadelphia Cleveland
1940 Chicago Philadelphia
1944 Chicago Chicago
1948 Philadelphia Philadelphia Birmingham (States' Rights Democratic)
1952 Chicago Chicago
1956 Chicago San Francisco
1960 Los Angeles Chicago
1964 Atlantic City San Francisco
1968 Chicago Miami Beach
1972 Miami Beach Miami Beach
1976 New York City Kansas City
1980 New York City Detroit
1984 San Francisco Dallas
1988 Atlanta New Orleans
1992 New York City Houston
1996 Chicago San Diego
2000 Los Angeles Philadelphia
2004 Boston New York City
2008 Denver Saint Paul
2012 Charlotte Tampa
2016 Philadelphia Cleveland
2020 Milwaukee Charlotte

See also

References

  1. ^ http://victoria-woodhull.com/wc052500.htm OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE EQUAL RIGHTS CONVENTION, HELD IN NEW YORK CITY, ON THE NINTH, TENTH AND ELEVENTH OF MAY 1872. Woodhull's and Claflin's Weekly, May 25, 1872
  2. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/09/11/woman-who-ran-president-was-compared-satan-locked-up-it-wasnt-her-emails/ Kayla Epstein, "A woman who ran for president in 1872 was compared to Satan and locked up. It wasn't for her emails.", The Washington Post, September 11, 2019
  3. ^ https://www.c-span.org/video/?183273-1/reform-party-convention[bare URL]
  4. ^ "Historical Presidential Election Map Timeline". 270toWin.com. Retrieved 2020-03-11.

Sources (partial list)

This page was last edited on 9 February 2024, at 16:30
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