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List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Positions of known outer Solar System objects
  Sun
  Jupiter trojans (6,178)
  Scattered disc (>300)   Giant planets: J · S · U · N
  Centaurs (44,000)
  Kuiper belt (>1,000)
(scale in AU; epoch as of January 2015; # of objects in parentheses)

These Solar System minor planets are the furthest from the Sun as of December 2021. The objects have been categorized by their approximate current distance from the Sun, and not by the calculated aphelion of their orbit. The list changes over time because the objects are moving in their orbits. Some objects are inbound and some are outbound. It would be difficult to detect long-distance comets if it were not for their comas, which become visible when heated by the Sun. Distances are measured in astronomical units (AU, Sun–Earth distances). The distances are not the minimum (perihelion) or the maximum (aphelion) that may be achieved by these objects in the future.

This list does not include near-parabolic comets of which many are known to be currently more than 100 AU (15 billion km) from the Sun, but are currently too far away to be observed by telescope. Trans-Neptunian objects are typically announced publicly months or years after their discovery, so as to make sure the orbit is correct before announcing it. Due to their greater distance from the Sun and slow movement across the sky, trans-Neptunian objects with observation arcs less than several years often have poorly constrained orbits. Particularly distant objects take several years of observations to establish a crude orbit solution before being announced. For instance, the most distant known trans-Neptunian object 2018 AG37 was discovered by Scott Sheppard in January 2018 but was announced three years later in February 2021.[1]

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Transcription

Noted objects

One particularly distant body is 90377 Sedna, which was discovered in November 2003. It has an extremely eccentric orbit that takes it to an aphelion of 937 AU.[2] It takes over 10,000 years to orbit, and during the next 50 years it will slowly move closer to the Sun as it comes to perihelion at a distance of 76 AU from the Sun.[3] Sedna is the largest known sednoid, a class of objects that play an important role in the Planet Nine hypothesis.

Pluto (30–49 AU, about 34 AU in 2015) was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered (1930) and is the largest known dwarf planet.

Gallery

Known distant objects

This is a list of known objects at heliocentric distances of more than 65 AU. In theory, the Oort cloud could extend over 120,000 AU (2 ly) from the Sun.

Most distant observable objects in the Solar System as of December 2021[4]
Object name Distance from the Sun (AU) Radial velocity
(AU/yr)[a]
Perihelion Aphelion Semimajor
axis
Apparent
magnitude
Absolute
magnitude
(H)
Important dates
December 2021 December 2015 Discovered Announced
Great Comet of 1680
(for comparison)
258.0[5] 255.4[5] +0.47[5] 0.006 889 444 Unknown Unknown 1680-11-14
Voyager 1
(for comparison)
152.9[5] 133.3[5] +3.57[5] 8.90
Hyperbolic
−3.2[6] ~50 ~28
2018 AG37 132.9±1.8 131.9±10.7 ±0.2(?) 27.1 145.0 86.0 25.4 4.2 2018-01-15 2021-02-10
Voyager 2
(for comparison)
129.4[5] 109.7[5] +3.17[5] 21.2
Hyperbolic
−4.0[6] ~48 ~28
Pioneer 10
(for comparison)
128.9[5] 114.8[5] +2.51[5] 4.94
Hyperbolic
~49 ~29
2018 VG18 123.6 123.2 +0.06 37.8 123.9 81.3 24.6 3.7 2018-11-10 2018-12-17
2020 BE102 110.9 111.7 32.9 116.9 74.9 25.6 5.1 2020-01-24 2022-05-31
Pioneer 11
(for comparison)
107.7[5] 92.5[5] +2.35[5] 9.45
Hyperbolic
~48 ~29
2020 FY30 98.9 99.9 –0.17 35.6 107.7 71.6 24.8 4.7 2020-03-24 2021-02-14
2020 FA31 97.3 96.5 +0.14 39.5 102.4 71.0 25.4 5.4 2020-03-24 2021-02-14
Eris
136199
95.9 96.3 −0.07 38.3 97.5 67.9 18.8 −1.21 2003-10-21 2005-07-29
2020 FQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">40</span></span> 92.4 92.7 –0.05 38.2 93.1 65.6 25.7 6.1 2020-03-24 2022-05-31
2015 TH367[b] 90.3 88.2 +0.42 28.9 136.4 82.6 26.3 6.6 2015-10-13 2018-03-13
2021 DR15 89.6 88.6 +0.17(?) 37.8 96.5 67.2 23.1 3.6 2021-02-17 2021-12-17
2014 UZ224 89.5 92.0 −0.45 38.3 177.0 107.6 23.2 3.4 2014-10-21 2016-08-28
Gonggong
225088
88.7 87.4 +0.23 33.7 101.2 67.5 21.5 1.6 2007-07-17 2009-01-07
2015 FG415 87.2 87.9 −0.14 36.2 92.1 64.1 25.5 6.0 2015-03-17 2019-03-27
2014 FC69 85.5 84.1 +0.26 40.4 104.4 72.4 24.2 4.6 2014-03-25 2015-02-11
2006 QH181 84.6 83.3 +0.22 37.5 96.7 67.1 23.7 4.3 2006-08-21 2006-11-05
Sedna
90377
84.2 85.8 −0.29 76.3 892.6 484.4 21.0 1.3 2003-11-14 2004-03-15
2015 VO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">166</span></span> 84.3 82.5 +0.32 38.3 113.2 75.8 25.5 5.9 2015-11-06 2018-10-02
2012 VP113 84.2 83.3 +0.16 80.4 442.6 261.5 23.5 4.0 2012-11-05 2014-03-26
2013 FS28 83.5 85.9 −0.62 34.2 358.2 196.2 24.3 4.9 2013-03-16 2016-08-29
2017 SN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">132</span></span> 82.8 80.4 +0.44 42.0 110.0 76.0 25.2 5.8 2017-09-16 2019-02-10
2019 EU5 81.7 85.5 46.5 2310 1178 25.6 6.4 2019-03-05 2021-12-17
2015 UH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">87</span></span>[b] 81.3 82.3 −0.19 34.3 90.0 62.2 25.2 6.0 2015-10-16 2018-03-12
2013 FY27
532037
79.7 80.3 −0.10 35.2 82.1 58.7 22.2 3.2 2013-03-17 2014-03-31
2021 DP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">15</span></span> 79.7 76.2 29.1 204.1 116.6 25.4 6.2 2021-02-16 2021-12-17
2015 TJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">367</span></span>[b] 79.4 77.1 +0.42 33.6 128.1 80.9 25.8 6.7 2015-10-13 2018-03-13
2017 FO161 78.1 79.1 −0.18 34.1 85.5 59.8 23.3 4.3 2017-03-23 2018-04-02
Leleākūhonua
541132
77.6 79.8 −0.40 65.2 2,106 1,085 24.6 5.5 2015-10-13 2018-10-01
2018 AD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">39</span></span> 77.2 74.1 –0.58 38.4 287.9 163.2 25.0 6.2 2018-01-15 2021-02-13
2020 FB<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">31</span></span> 75.8 76.8 –0.19 34.4 83.3 59.1 24.5 5.6 2020-03-24 2021-02-14
2018 AK<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">39</span></span> 75.3 75.4 –0.01 27.3 75.4 51.4 25.3 6.5 2018-01-18 2021-02-18
2021 LL37 73.9 74.2 –0.05 36.1 74.6 55.4 22.7 4.0 2021-06-02 2022-05-31
2010 GB174 73.6 70.7 +0.54 48.7 630.7 339.7 25.3 6.5 2010-04-12 2013-04-30
2015 VJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">168</span></span> 73.4 72.4 +0.19 37.6 81.5 59.5 24.8 5.8 2015-11-06 2018-10-03
2015 DU<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">249</span></span> 73.1 72.7 +0.06 34.7 73.7 54.2 23.9 5.2 2015-02-17 2018-07-23
2014 FJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">72</span></span> 72.6 70.1 +0.46 38.4 148.2 93.3 24.4 5.6 2014-03-24 2016-08-31
2016 TS<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">97</span></span>[b] 71.2 71.5 −0.04 36.2 71.7 54.0 24.9 6.1 2016-10-06 2018-04-02
2015 GN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">55</span></span> 71.0 72.1 −0.19 32.5 78.4 55.5 24.6 5.8 2015-04-13 2018-09-02
2015 VL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">168</span></span> 69.7 72.1 –0.44 37.7 136.0 86.8 24.7 6.1 2015-11-07 2018-10-03
2020 BA<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">95</span></span> 69.6 68.4 +0.20 35.9 76.5 56.2 24.3 5.8 2020-01-25 2021-12-17
2015 RZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">277</span></span> 69.3 67.5 +0.32 34.7 90.5 62.6 25.6 6.8 2015-09-08 2018-10-01
2021 DJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">17</span></span> 69.0 69.2 40.4 69.4 54.9 23.2 6.7 2021-02-17 2022-05-31
2012 FH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">84</span></span> 68.8 68.4 +0.07 41.9 70.1 56.0 25.8 7.2 2012-03-25 2016-06-07
2019 AC<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">77</span></span> 68.7 69.9 –0.21 35.0 79.0 57.0 25.0 6.6 2019-01-11 2021-02-14
2015 GR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">50</span></span> 68.6 68.2 +0.07 38.2 69.7 54.0 25.2 6.6 2015-04-13 2016-08-31
2013 FQ28 68.4 67.3 +0.19 45.6 80.0 62.7 24.5 6.0 2013-03-17 2016-06-07
2011 GM<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">89</span></span> 68.3 68.5 –0.24 36.5 68.8 52.7 25.7 7.1 2011-04-04 2016-08-31
2021 DQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">15</span></span> 68.3 71.4 27.8 130.9 79.3 24.7 6.3 2021-02-16 2021-12-17
2021 DG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">17</span></span> 67.6 66.7 +0.15 47.5 75.8 61.7 23.2 5.0 2021-02-17 2022-05-31
2015 GP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">50</span></span> 67.5 68.1 –0.10 40.4 70.0 55.2 25.0 6.5 2015-04-14 2016-06-07
2016 CD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">289</span></span> 67.2 66.2 +0.18 37.5 74.0 55.8 25.7 7.3 2016-02-05 2018-03-13
2018 VJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">137</span></span> 67.2 69.7 –0.42 37.8 139.3 88.5 25.2 6.9 2018-01-15 2021-02-13
2020 KV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">11</span></span> 67.1 64.1 +0.50 35.0 155.0 95.6 25.6 7.3 2020-05-29 2022-11-02
2014 UD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">228</span></span> 66.7 65.7 +0.18 36.7 73.3 55.0 24.5 6.1 2014-10-22 2017-12-07
2016 GB<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">277</span></span> 66.2 68.3 –0.39 40.0 119.4 79.7 25.6 7.3 2016-04-10 2020-06-04
2016 GZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">276</span></span> 66.1 69.2 –0.56 38.6 253.6 146.1 25.3 7.0 2016-04-10 2020-06-03
2014 FL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">72</span></span> 66.1 63.3 +0.47 38.0 167.1 102.5 25.1 6.8 2014-03-26 2016-08-31
2016 TQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">120</span></span>[b] 65.8 63.7 +0.37 42.3 114.3 78.3 25.0 6.7 2016-10-06 2020-06-04
2015 RQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">281</span></span> 65.7 62.7 +0.56 36.9 210.6 123.8 25.1 6.8 2015-09-05 2019-03-27
2020 BS<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">60</span></span>[b] 65.7 68.0 –0.42 31.0 104.1 67.6 24.6 6.5 2020-01-26 2021-02-23
2013 UJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">15</span></span> 65.4 64.8 +0.11 37.2 67.4 52.3 25.4 7.0 2013-10-28 2016-08-31
2019 EV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span> 65.3 63.5 +0.30 32.0 79.8 55.9 25.8 7.6 2020-03-05 2021-12-17
2014 FD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">70</span></span> 65.2 63.8 +0.26 35.9 78.6 57.3 25.1 6.9 2014-03-25 2018-04-02
2018 AZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">18</span></span> 65.1 65.9 –0.15 39.1 70.5 54.8 26.0 7.7 2018-01-15 2019-03-27
2015 KV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">167</span></span> 65.0 65.2 –0.03 38.0 65.3 51.6 25.6 7.2 2015-05-18 2018-03-13
2018 VO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">35</span></span> 65.0 67.8 –0.51 35.2 152.2 93.7 24.9 6.8 2018-11-10 2019-02-10
2020 KX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">11</span></span>[b] 65.0 65.0 –0.01 64.6 67.1 65.9 26.4 8.2 2020-05-29 2020-09-25
This table includes all observable objects currently located at least 65 AU from the Sun.[4]


  1. ^ AU/yr indicates whether the object is moving inwards or outwards in its orbit, and the rate at which it does so.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Distance and orbital elements are crudely estimated based on a short observation arc.

See also

References

  1. ^ "MPEC 2021-C187 : 2018 AG37". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  2. ^ Horizons output. "Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for 90377 Sedna (2003 VB12)". Retrieved 18 September 2021. (Solution using the Solar System barycenter. Select Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0) (Saved Horizons output file 2011-Feb-04 "Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for 90377 Sedna". Archived from the original on 19 November 2012.) In the second pane "PR=" can be found, which gives the orbital period in days (4.160E+06, which is 11,390 Julian years).
  3. ^ Most Distant Object In Solar System Discovered; NASA.gov; (2004)
  4. ^ a b "AstDyS-2, Asteroids –  Dynamic Site". Retrieved 17 December 2021. Objects with distance from Sun over 65 AU
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. "JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris". Retrieved 10 February 2021.
    Ephemeris Type: Vector; Observer Location: @sun; Time Span: Start=2015-12-01, Stop=2021-06-01, Intervals=1; Table Settings: quantities code=6
  6. ^ a b "Voyager - Hyperbolic Orbital Elements".
This page was last edited on 5 February 2024, at 14:08
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