List of equipment of the Syrian Army

This is an inventory of military equipment of the Syrian Arab Army.^[1] The organization and military doctrine of the Syrian Armed Forces followed a mix of French and Western influences as the Soviet Union closely guarded its operational principles and never shared them with client states. The Syrian Arab Army has traditionally relied on the Russian Federation and its predecessor the Soviet Union as its main supplier of military equipment. As a result of the Syrian Civil War, many vehicles and much heavy equipment has been destroyed or captured, with some stores being partially replenished from Russian stocks. Accurate numbers for equipment in the Army's inventory are difficult to ascertain. The numbers listed below should be regarded as optimistic estimates. Some armored vehicles were lost in past decades without being accounted for, while many others were not operational (or even beyond repair) at the start of the Syrian Civil War due to being in long-term storage with minimal or no maintenance. Given these factors, it has been estimated that more realistic estimates would be about 33% lower than what is listed below.^[2]

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Individual equipment

Name	Origin	Type	Quantity	Notes
Camouflage & Uniforms
Lizard	France	Combat uniform	N/A	Former standard combat uniform of Syrian Army during the 1960s and 1970s.^[3]
DPM pattern	United Kingdom	Combat uniform	N/A	Locally made copy.^[4]
ERDL pattern	United States	Combat uniform	N/A	Standard combat uniform for the Syrian Army since the 1990s. Locally produced as the Leaf Pattern. Used as main camouflage pattern during the Syrian civil war.^[4]
M81 Woodland	United States	Combat uniform	N/A	Locally made copy.^[4] Standard combat uniform for the Syrian Army since 2005.
EMR Desert	Russia	Combat uniform	N/A	Delivered by Russia since 2023. Used by Republican Guard and special forces.^[5]^[6]
MultiCam	Russia	Combat uniform	N/A	Delivered by Russia since 2023. Used by 25th SMF Division.^[7]
Helmets
JK 96 helmet	China	Combat helmet	N/A	Standard combat helmet.^[8]
Advanced Combat Helmet	Iran	Combat helmet	N/A	Iran made copy. Used by Republican Guard and special forces.^[9]
FAST	Russia	Combat helmet	N/A	LShZ 1+. Used by Republican Guard and special forces.^[10]
6B7	Russia	Combat helmet	N/A	Supplied by Russia since 2015.
6B47	Russia	Combat helmet	N/A	Some units of the Syrian Army were equipped with Ratnik since 2016.^[11]^[12]
SSh-68	Soviet Union	Combat helmet	N/A	For the reserve forces.^[13]
Protective gear
TAT-BA-7	China	Ballistic vest	N/A	China/Syria made copy. Standard issue for regular infantry.
Ruyin-3	Iran	Ballistic vest	N/A	Used by Republican Guard and special forces.^[14]
6B45	Russia	Ballistic vest	N/A	Supplied by Russia.^[11]
6B46	Russia	Plate carrier	N/A	Supplied by Russia.^[11]
6Sh117	Russia	Load bearing vest	N/A	Supplied by Russia.^[11]
Protection against chemical contamination
GP-5 gas mask	Soviet Union	Gas mask	N/A
PMK gas mask	Soviet Union	Gas mask	N/A
PMK-4	Russia	Gas mask	N/A

Pistols

Name	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
Makarov PM	Soviet Union	9×18mm Makarov	8-round magazine. Main service pistol of the Syrian Army. 65,000 units.
PB Besshumnyy	Soviet Union	9×18mm Makarov	8-round magazine.
Tokarev TT-33	Soviet Union	7.62×25mm Tokarev	8-round magazine.
Stechkin-APS	Soviet Union	9×18mm Makarov	20-round detachable magazine.
GSh-18	Russia	9×19mm Parabellum	18-round detachable magazine. Used by Syrian Armed Forces and Police. 12,000 units.
MP-446 Viking	Russia	9×19mm Parabellum	18-round magazine. Used by 25th Special Mission Forces Division. 23,000 units.^[15]^[16]
Browning Hi-Power	Belgium	9×19mm Parabellum	13-round magazine. Main police service pistol.
Girsan Regard Compact	Turkey	9x19mm Parabellum	15-round magazine. Copy of the Beretta 92F. Brought from Turkey before 2011.^[17]

Carbines

Name	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
AKS-74U	Soviet Union	5.45×39mm M74	30-round magazine. Main service carbine.^[18]
9A-91	Russia	9×39mm	20-round magazine. Limited usage by the Syrian Army. Seen during the Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013) in Qaboun.^[19]
AK-104	Russia	7.62×39mm M43	30-round magazine. With the arrival of Russian military advisors in late 2015, some Syrian Army units were equipped with AK-104s attached with telescopic sights.^[20]
AK-105	Russia	5.45×39mm	30-round magazine. Used by some Syrian special forces.^[21]

Battle rifles

Name	Photo	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
FN FAL^[22]		Belgium	7.62×51mm NATO	20 or 30-round detachable box magazine.

Assault rifles

Name	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
AKM / AKMS	Soviet Union	7.62×39mm M43	30-round magazine, main service rifle. 75,000-80,000 units.
Type 56	People's Republic of China	7.62×39mm M43	30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force. 12,000 units.^[23]
AK-47^[24]	Soviet Union	7.62×39mm M43/M67	30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.
AK-74 AKS-74	Soviet Union	5.45×39mm	Moderate usage. Most of them given to the Syrian Army by Russian forces.^[18]
AK-74M	Russia	5.45×39mm M74	30-round magazine, widely used by Airborne Special Forces and regular military units.^[25]^[26] Also AK-74M UUK variant.^[27]
AK-103	Russia	7.62×39mm	30-round detachable box magazine. Captured from rebels, used by the Syrian Army.^[25]
AK-9	Russia	9×39mm	20-round detachable box magazine. Used by the Syrian Army and Police.
AK-12	Russia	5.45×39mm	30-round detachable box magazine. Supplied by Russia in 2023. Used by 25th SMF Division.^[28]
Type 81	People's Republic of China	7.62×39mm	30-round magazine, captured from militants.^[29]
Norinco CQ	People's Republic of China	5.56×45mm NATO	30-round box magazine, captured from militants.^[30]
Zastava M70	Yugoslavia	7.62×39mm M43	30-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
MPi-KM^[31]	East Germany	7.62x39mm M43	30-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
PM md. 63^[31]	Socialist Republic of Romania	7.62×39mm	30-round detachable box magazine.
FB Tantal	Polish People's Republic	5.45×39mm	Limited usage, captured from rebels.^[32]
Sa vz. 58^[31]	Czechoslovakia	7.62×39mm M43	30-round magazine.
AK-63^[31]	People's Republic of Hungary	7.62×39mm	10, 20 or 30-round magazine. Captured from militants.
AMD 65^[33]	People's Republic of Hungary	7.62×39mm M43	30-round magazine.
VHS	Croatia	5.56×45mm NATO	30-round magazine. Supplied by Iraq in 2013.^[34]
FAMAS	France	5.56×45mm NATO	25-round detachable box magazine. FAMAS F1 variant. Moderate usage by Syrian Army.^[35]
M16A2	United States	5.56x45mm NATO	Captured from dead militants and in one instance defecting fighters.^[36] Moderate usage. Used by special forces.^[37]^[38]

Sniper rifles

Name	Type	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
Dragunov SVD^[39]	Sniper rifle	Soviet Union Russia	7.62×54mmR	10-round magazine, main sniper rifle. SVDS supplied by Russia in 2023.^[40]^[41]
PSL	Sniper rifle	Socialist Republic of Romania	7.62×54mmR	10-round magazine.
Zastava M91	Sniper rifle	Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	7.62×54mmR	10-round magazine. Captured from the Syrian Democratic Forces.
Zastava M93^[42]	Anti-material rifle	Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	12.7×108mm	10-round magazine.
Steyr SSG 69^[22]	Bolt action sniper rifle	Austria	7.62×51mm NATO	5-round magazine.
AWM	Bolt action sniper rifle	United Kingdom	.338 Lapua Magnum	5-round box magazine. Supplied by Russia in 2015. Used by special forces.^[43]
AWSM	Bolt action sniper rifle	United Kingdom	.338 Lapua Magnum	5-round detachable box magazine. Supplied by Russia in 2015. Used by special forces.^[44]
Orsis T-5000	Bolt action sniper rifle	Russia	7.62×51mm NATO	5-round magazine. In late 2015, Russia supplied the Syrian Army with the Orsis T-5000.^[45]
MTs-116M	Bolt action sniper rifle	Russia	7.62×54mmR	5- to 10-round magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard^[46]^[47]
SV-98	Bolt action sniper rifle	Russia	7.62×51mm NATO	10-round magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard and 25th SMF.^[48]
ASVK	Anti-material rifle	Russia	12.7×108mm	10-round detachable box magazine, moderate usage.^[49]
OSV-96	Anti-material rifle	Russia	12.7×108mm	5-round magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard.^[50]
VSK-94	Designated marksman rifle	Russia	9x39mm	20-round detachable box magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard and special forces.^[51]
VSS Vintorez	Designated marksman rifle	Soviet Union	9x39mm	10 or 20-round detachable box magazine. Used by the Syrian Army and NDF.^[52]
Heckler & Koch G3	Designated marksman rifle	Germany	7.62×51mm NATO	10, 20 or 40-round detachable box magazine. G3A3 and G3A4 variants. Used by Syrian Republican Guard.^[53]
FN FAL	Designated marksman rifle	Belgium	.308 Winchester	20 or 30-round detachable box magazine. 12,000 rifles were bought in 1957.^[54] Syria produced 7.62×51mm cartridges^[54] and acquired FALs from other sources.^[54] Standard designated marksman rifle of SAA.^[53]
Tabuk Sniper Rifle^[55]	Designated marksman rifle	Iraq	7.62×39mmR	30-round box magazine.
Sayyad-2	Anti-material rifle	Iran	.50 BMG	Single shot bolt-action. Copy of Austrian HS .50. Supplied by Iran.
Golan S-01	Anti-material rifle	Syria	12.7×108mm	Single shot bolt-action. Copy of Austrian HS .50. In service with Syrian Army and special forces.^[53] By 2018, Syria start to produce it under the Golan S0-1 name.^[56] CERS has upgraded the Syrian produced Golan S-01 in 2023.^[57] New model introduced a new stock, box magazine, and scope.

Shotguns

Name	Photo	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
Vepr-12		Russia	12 Gauge	20- or 25-round detachable drum magazine. VPO-205-03 variant. Supplied by Russia.^[58]

Light machine guns

Name	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
RPK	Soviet Union	7.62x39mm M43	40-round or 75-round magazine. Main service LMG of the Syrian Army.
RPD	Soviet Union	7.62×39mm M43	100-round drum magazine, former main service LMG.
Type 73^[59]	Democratic People's Republic of Korea	7.62×54mmR	40-round magazine. Main service LMG of the Syrian Army.^[60]
FN Minimi	Belgium	5.56×45mm	100 or 200-round belt. Rare, captured from dead militants.^[61]

Medium machine guns

Name	Photo	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
DS-39 Degtyaryov		Soviet Union	7.62×54mmR	250-round belt. Limited service, mostly in reserve.
SG-43 Goryunov		Soviet Union	7.62x54mmR	200 or 250-round belts. Limited service, most common variant SGMT is mounted on T-55 tanks.^[62]

Heavy machine guns

Name	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
NSV	Soviet Union	12.7×108mm	50-round belt, main service HMG of the SAA.^[63]
DShKM	Soviet Union	12.7x108mm	50-round belt, moderate usage.
KPV	Soviet Union	14.5×114mm	40-round belt, moderate usage.
Kord	Russia	12.7×108mm	50-round belt, limited usage, mostly used by Syrian Police.^[49]
W85	China	12.7×108mm	60-round belt, moderate usage.^[64]

General-purpose machine guns

Name	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
PKM	Soviet Union	7.62×54mmR	100-round magazine, main service machine gun of the Syrian Army.
Pecheneg machine gun^[65]^[66]	Russia	7.62x54mmR	100 and 200-round belt magazine. SP and Bullpup variants. Used by Republican Guard, special forces.^[67] Moderate usage by regular units.
Type 67	People's Republic of China	7.62x54mmR	100 and 250-round belt. Limited usage.^[68]^[69]
Type 80	People's Republic of China	7.62x54mmR	100-round magazine. Moderate usage.
M240B	United States	7.62x51mm NATO	Extremely rare. 2 were captured from defecting Maghawir Thawra fighters.^[36]^[70]

Submachine guns

Name	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
MAT-49	France	9×19mm Parabellum	20-round magazine, main service SMG of the SAA.
FB PM-63	Polish People's Republic	9×19mm Parabellum	25-round magazine. Supplied by Poland before 1989.^[71]
PP-19 Vityaz	Russia	9×19mm Parabellum	30-round box magazine. Supplied by Russia.^[72]

Grenades

Name	Type	Origin	Diameter	Notes
F-1	Hand grenade	Soviet Union	55mm	4 meter kill radius, 3.5-4 second fuse.
RGD-5	Hand grenade	Soviet Union	58mm	Propels ~350 fragments, 5 meter kill radius, 3.2–4 second fuse.
RGN	Hand grenade	Soviet Union	60mm	4 meter kill radius, 3.8 second fuse.
RGO	Hand grenade	Soviet Union	60mm	6 meter kill radius, 3.8 second fuse.
RPG-43	Anti-tank grenade	Soviet Union	95mm	75mm RHA penetration, hard impact activates impact fuse.
RKG-3	Anti-tank grenade	Soviet Union		170 mm RHA penetration, impact fuse.

Grenade launchers

Name	Type	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
GP-25/GP-30M/GP-34^[25]	Grenade launcher	Soviet Union	40x53mm grenade	Single shot under-barrel grenade launcher.
AGS-17	Automatic grenade launcher	Soviet Union	30×29mm grenade	Belt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire. Seen in use by the Syrian Republican Guard.^[73]
RG-6 grenade launcher	Automatic grenade launcher	Russia	40x53mm grenade (GP-25)	Belt fed with 6-round drums. Seen in use by the Syrian Republican Guard and special forces.

Flamethrowers

Name	Photo	Type	Origin	Cartridge	Notes
LPO-50		Flamethrower	Soviet Union	3 x 14.5mm nozzles	Maximum firing range 70m. Upgraded by Syria.^[74]

Mines

Name	Type	Origin	Detonation	Notes
PMN mine^[75]	Anti-personnel mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	~240g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine.
PMD series mines	Anti-personnel mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	Wooden box with a slot and detonator.
TM-35 mine	Anti-tank mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-38 mine	Anti-tank mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	Detonates when there is 440 lbs of pressure.
TM-41 mine	Anti-tank mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine	Anti-tank mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TM-46 mine	Anti-tank mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	5.7 kg of TNT.
TM-57 mine	Anti-tank mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	6.3 kg of TNT.
TM-62 series of mines	Anti-tank mine	Soviet Union	Pressure	7.5 kg of TNT.
TM-72 mine	Anti-tank mine	Russia	Magnetic influence fuse	100 mm RHA penetration, cylindrical metal-cased anti-tank mine.
TM-83 mine	Anti-tank mine	Russia	Seismic sensors	9.6 kg of TNT.
TM-89 mine	Anti-tank mine	Russia	Seismic sensors	6.7 kg of TNT.
TMA-3 mine	Anti-tank mine	Yugoslavia	Pressure	6.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-4 mine	Anti-tank mine	Yugoslavia	Pressure	5.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-5 mine	Anti-tank mine	Yugoslavia	Pressure	5.5 kg of TNT.
M18A2^[76]	Anti-personnel mine	Iran	Pressure	2,7kg TNT, directional anti-personnel blast mine.

Anti-tank

Name	Type	Origin	Caliber	Quantity	Notes
RPG-2	Recoilless rifle	Soviet Union	82mm		PG-2 (82 mm) ammunition.
RPG-7	Rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union	40mm		Ammunition: PG-7V (85 mm) PG-7VL (93 mm) PG-7VR (64/105mm) OG-7V (40 mm).
RPG-18	Disposable rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union	64mm		64 mm.
RPG-22	Disposable rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union	72.5mm		Captured from militants.^[77]
RPG-26	Disposable rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union	72.5mm		Supplied by Russia.^[78]
RPG-27	Disposable rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union	105mm		Captured from rebel groups.^[79]
RPG-29^[80]	Rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union	105mm		65 mm & 105 mm ammunition.
RPG-30	Rocket-propelled grenade	Russia	105mm		Supplied by Russia.^[81]
RPG-75	Disposable rocket-propelled grenade	Czechoslovakia	68mm		68mm projectile and range 300m. Caliber 68 mm. Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.^[82]
M79 Osa	Anti-tank rocket launcher	Yugoslavia	90mm		Hundreds were captured from rebel groups.^[83]
RPO-A Shmel^[84]	Anti-tank missile launcher	Soviet Union	93mm		20 m – 1000 m (sighting range is 600 m). RPO-M is 1700 m (sighting range is 800 m).
SPG-9	Recoilless rifle	Soviet Union	73mm
B-10^[85]	Recoilless rifle	Soviet Union	82mm
B-11^[85]	Recoilless rifle	Soviet Union	107mm
M40^[86]	Recoilless rifle	Iran	106mm
SS.11	Anti-tank missile	France		486
HOT^[85]	Anti-tank missile	France West Germany		1000	Supplied by France in 1981.
MILAN	Anti-tank guided missile	France		~1500^[87]	Syria ordered about 200 launchers and 4,000 missiles, which were delivered by France in 1978-1979.^[88] Additional captured from rebel groups.^[89]
APILAS	Anti-tank guided missile	France		N/A	Moderate usage.^[89] Captured from militants.^[90]
3M6 Shmel (AT-1 Snapper)	Anti-tank missile	Soviet Union		486	Possibly in storage.^[1]
3M11 Falanga (AT-2 Swatter)	Anti-tank missile	Soviet Union		200	In storage.
9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger)	Anti-tank guided missile	Soviet Union		410	Used during the Syrian Civil War.^[91]
9K111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot)	Anti-tank guided missile	Soviet Union		150^[1]
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel)	Anti-tank guided missile	Soviet Union		40^[1]
9K115 Metis (AT-7 Saxhorn)	Anti-tank guided missile	Soviet Union		N/A
9M120 Ataka (AT-9 Spiral-2)	Anti-tank guided missile	Soviet Union		N/A	Used on the BMPT-72 Terminator 2.
9M117 Bastion (AT-10 Stabber)	Anti-tank guided missile	Soviet Union		800^[1]
9M119 Svir/Refleks (AT-11 Sniper)	Anti-tank guided missile	Russia		N/A
9K115-2 Metis-M (AT-13 Saxhorn-2)	Anti-tank guided missile	Russia		N/A	Presence confirmed by use of looted 9K115-2 systems by rebels.^[92]
9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan)	Anti-tank guided missile	Russia		2500 at least ^[1]	About 1,500 received between 2002 and 2006 from Russia.^[93]
9M133M Kornet-EM	Anti-tank guided missile	Russia		N/A^[1]	Supplied by Russia in 2020. Widely used by the Syrian Army.^[94]
KM-1M Krasnopol-M2	High precision laser-guided artillery system	Russia	155 mm	N/A	Supplied by Russia. Used as Howitzer ammunition.^[95]
Toophan	Anti-tank guided missile	Iran		N/A	Iranian copy of the BGM-71 TOW.^[96]
Saegheh-2	Anti-tank guided missile	Iran		N/A	Iranian copy of the M47 Dragon.
BGM-71 TOW	Anti-tank guided missile	United States		N/A	Captured from rebel groups.^[97]

MANPADS

Name	Origin	Quantity	Notes
9K32 Strela-2 (SA-7)	Soviet Union	4,000+^[1]
9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14)	Soviet Union	100^[1]
9K38 Igla-1 (SA-16)	Soviet Union	N/A^[98]
9K38 Igla (SA-18)	Russia	N/A^[1]	Delivered by Russia.
9K338 Igla-S (SA-24)	Russia	N/A^[85]	Delivered by Russia.
9K333 Verba (SA-29 Gizmo)	Russia	N/A	Delivered by Russia.^[99]
KRL Anza	Pakistan	N/A	Anza Mk. II variant in limited service. Captured from rebels.^[100]
FN-6	People's Republic of China	~100	Captured from rebel groups.^[101]
HT-16PGJ	Democratic People's Republic of Korea	N/A	Delivered by North Korea in 2004.^[102]
Misagh-1	Iran	N/A	Delivered by Iran.^[103]
Misagh-2	Iran	N/A	Delivered by Iran.^[104]

Vehicles

Tanks

Name	Quantity	Origin	Notes
T-55/A/AM/AMV/M/MV^[105]	1200+^[2] (as of 2020)	Soviet Union	2,000 received from the Soviet Union.^[2] A and AMV variants have been upgraded with Kontakt-1 armor and 9M117 Bastion.^[106] More than 682 claimed destroyed or captured by armed groups since March 2011.^[2] 200 T-55s were upgraded to MV standard by Ukraine in 1997 and AM variant by North Korea in 1980s.^[107] Some T-55s upgraded with locally developped Viper thermal imager, assembled from foreign components.^[108] All T-55s upgraded with soft-kill Sarab Active Protection System.^[109]
T-62/A/ obr. 1972/ obr. 1975 /K/M/MV	~634 (2017)^[2] 750+ (as of 2020)	Soviet Union	1,000 in service as of 2010, more than 366 claimed captured/destroyed by rebels. At least several dozens of T-62M with 9M117 Bastion delivered by Russia since 2017.^[110]^[111] Up to 100 would have been sent.^[112] In 2018 and 2019, Russia reactivated and field-tested T-62M/MV variants with Kontakt-1 ERA from war stores and transported them to Syria.^[113] Most T-62s are upgraded with soft-kill Sarab Active Protection System.^[109]
T-72/Ural/A/AVS/S/M/M1/M1M/M1S/ B obr. 1989/B3/Adra/^[114] Shafrah^[115]	~700^[2]^[116](2020) 750+ (as of 2023)	Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Russia	More than 1500 in 2010, some upgraded by Russia. 124 T-72M1s and T-72AVs were upgraded to T-72M1S standard between 2003 and 2006 by Italy.^[117] With Galileo Avionica TURMS-T computerized FCS, infrared cameras, improved gun stabilisation, stabilised sights for the gunner and the commander, added 9M119 Refleks launcher.^[118] More than 850 claimed destroyed / captured by rebels.^[2] Approximately 300 in 2014. T-72Bs as well as ones with Kontakt-5 were delivered by Russia in 2015–2016.^[119] At least few dozens of T-72B3 in Syrian service as of 2023.^[120]^[121] T-72A/AV/M upgraded with locally assembled Viper thermal imager and Kontakt-1.^[122] All T-72s were fitted with locally developped soft-kill Sarab Active Protection System providing jamming capabilities.^[123]
T-90/obr. 1992/A/AM/S^[124]	~70^[125]^[126] (as of 2020)	Russia	Russia supplied 30 T-90 obr. 1992 and T-90As equipped with Shtora-1 and Kontakt-5 in late 2015.^[127]^[125] Russia has supplied T-90 tanks to the 25th Special Mission Forces Division and 4th Mechanized Division.^[128] A battalion containing 40 T-90A tanks delivered in 2017.^[126] 3 were captured during the Syrian Civil War, two by HTS rebels and one by ISIS fighters. Another 10 were hit.^[125]

Infantry fighting vehicles

Name	Photo	Quantity	Origin	Notes
BMP-1/P^[110]		1,044^[2] (2017) 1100+ (2020)	Soviet Union	2,000 as of 2011. Around 956 destroyed, damaged and captured by armed groups since March 2011.^[2] Additional units delivered by Russia.^[129]
BMP-2/obr. 80/obr. 84/obr. 86		74^[2] (2017) 100+ (2020)^[130]	Soviet Union	100 as of 2011. 26 destroyed, damaged and captured by armed groups. Additional units delivered by Russia between 2015–19.^[130]

Armoured personnel carriers

Name	Origin	Quantity	Notes
BTR-50	Soviet Union	550	During the war, some BTR-50s have been reactivated and issued to the mechanized infantry.^[131]
BTR-60PB/PU-12	Soviet Union	650	Most were scrapped. Others are used by police and security forces.^[132]
BTR-70	Soviet Union	N/A	BTR-70M variant.^[133] Supplied by Russia between 2017 and 2022.^[134]^[135]^[136]
BTR-80	Soviet Union Russia	40+	Several BTR-80s were given by Russia between 2013 and 2017.^[137]
BTR-82A	Russia	30+	More BTR-82As delivered by Russia in 2015.^[138]^[137]
BTR-152	Soviet Union	289	Mostly used by Law enforcement in Syria, 7 lost in the civil war.
MT-LB/M	Soviet Union	N/A	Additional units delivered by Russia.^[139]
BVP-1 AMB-S	Czechoslovakia	50	Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.^[140] Variant of the BMP-1. Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign, some were lost.
BMPT-72 Terminator 2	Russia	N/A^[141]	Chassis from Soviet T-72 tank. Supplied by Russia in 2017.^[142]
GAZ-2975 Tigr	Russia	N/A	Used by the Republican Guard and 25th Special Mission Forces Division.^[143]^[144]
GAZ-39371 Vodnik	Russia	N/A	Supplied by Russia in 2017. Used by 25th SMF Division and 5th Corps.^[145]
BPM-97	Russia	N/A	Dozor and Vystrel-M variants. Supplied by Russia.^[146]
OT-64 SKOT	Czechoslovakia Polish People's Republic	N/A	300 OT-64A ordered from Czechoslovakia in 1976 and delivered between 1977 and 1979, some captured by rebels.^[147] As of 2018 still in use.^[148]
Otokar Cobra	Turkey	~2	Syrian Army captured an Otokar Cobra from ISIS during the East Aleppo Offensive.^[149] Before that, ISIS captured it from the Turkish military during the Battle of al-Bab.
FNSS ACV-15	Turkey	1	Captured from ISIL after it captured the vehicle from the Turkish Army.^[149]

Reconnaissance vehicles

Name	Type	Origin	Quantity	Notes
BRM-1K	Armoured reconnaissance vehicle	Soviet Union	N/A	Supplied by Russia between 2017–18.^[111]
PRP-4A Argus	Artillery reconnaissance vehicle	Russia	N/A	Supplied by Russia between 2015–17.^[111]
BRDM-2	Scout car	Soviet Union Russia	700	Some armed with 9K11 Malyutka and Strela-1 ATGM. 1,200 received from the Soviet Union by 1975. Around 20 lost in the civil war.^[150] 2MS variant delivered by Russia in 2022.^[151]

Tank destroyers

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Photo	Notes
Kornet-D	Mobile anti-tank guided missile system	N/A^[152]	Russia		Based on the GAZ-2975 chassis.^[153] Supplied by Russia in 2018.^[94]

Military engineering

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
BREM-1 / BREM-2^[154]	Armoured recovery vehicle	100	Soviet Union	Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War. 4 BREM-1 and 4 BREM-2 lost in the civil war.
IMR-2	Combat engineering vehicle	N/A	Soviet Union	M1, M2 variants supplied by Russia in 2016.^[155]
UR-77 Meteorit	Mine clearing vehicle/Explosive charge thrower	N/A	Soviet Union	It was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel, the explosive charge was used to destroy trenches and enemy firing positions.^[156]
PTS	Amphibious tracked transport carrier	N/A	Soviet Union
MTU-20^[85]	Armoured vehicle-launched bridge	N/A	Soviet Union
MTU-72	Armoured vehicle-launched bridge	N/A	Soviet Union
MT-55/A/KS	Armoured vehicle-launched bridge	N/A	Czechoslovakia	Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.^[157]

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
KrAZ-6322	6×6 off-road truck	~70	Ukraine	Bought before the war.^[158]
MAZ-6317	6×6 utility truck	N/A	Belarus	Utility truck. Produced under license in Syria.
MAZ-7310	8×8 artillery truck	200	Soviet Union	Main role is to carry the R-17 Elbrus Scud-B ballistic missile.
Ural-4320	6×6 off-road truck	~900	Soviet Union	25 Ural-4320-31 armored trucks were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal. Also Ural-43206 4×4 variant.
Ural-375D	6×6 4.5 ton truck	350	Soviet Union	Transport vehicle, another use is being a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL-130	4×2 4.3 ton truck	N/A	Soviet Union	Cargo truck.
ZIL-131	6×6 3.5 ton truck	300	Soviet Union	Cargo truck, also can become a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL-135	Artillery truck	84	Soviet Union	Main role is to carry the FROG-7 ballistic missile.
ZIL-157	6×6 2.5 ton truck	84	Soviet Union	Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
GAZ-66	4×4 off-road truck	200	Soviet Union	Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
GAZ-3308 Sadko	4×4 utility truck	144^[159]	Russia	Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
KamAZ-43114	6×6 side truck	100	Russia	50 were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.
KamAZ-5350	6×6 side truck	N/A	Russia	Supplied by Russia between 2022 and 2023.^[160] Used by 25th SMF Division.^[161]
GAZ Sobol	Military ambulance	N/A	Russia	Supplied by Russia before the war.^[162]
Praga V3S^[86]	6×6 utility truck	N/A	Czechoslovakia	Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.^[163]
Tatra 148^[86]	6×6 utility truck	N/A	Czechoslovakia	VNM variant. Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.^[164] Transport vehicle for infantry.
Tatra 815^[86]	6×6 utility truck	N/A	Czechoslovakia	S3, V24 and V26 variants.^[165]^[166] Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.^[167] Transport vehicle for infantry.
Mercedes-Benz Actros	8×4 off road truck	N/A	Germany	Chassis of the M-46 W-SPG.^[168]^[169]
Iveco Trakker	8×8 off road truck	N/A	Italy	Chassis of the M-46 W-SPG.^[168]^[169]
Sinotruk Howo	4×4 side truck 6×6 utility truck	N/A	People's Republic of China	Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.^[170]
BJ2022	Military All-terrain vehicle	N/A	People's Republic of China	Brought from China in 2015.^[171]^[172]
Humvee	Light armored vehicle	20+	United States	Captured from ISIL and other terrorists.
UAZ-469^[173]	Military All-terrain vehicle	N/A	Soviet Union	UAZ-3151 and UAZ-31512 variants. New vehicles delivered by Russia in 2023.
Land Rover Series III	All-terrain vehicle	N/A	United Kingdom
Toyota Land Cruiser	Utility vehicle	N/A	Japan	Model 70 is the most popular model in use. Widely used as a Technical.^[174]
Toyota Hilux	Utility vehicle	N/A	Japan	Widely used as a Technical.^[175]
Safir Jeep	Multipurpose military vehicle	N/A	Iran	Seen in use with Syrian military.^[176]
Rys LMV	Infantry mobility vehicle	N/A	Italy Russia	Syrian Army operates variant supplied by Russia in 2015–18.^[177]^[178]

Artillery

Mortars

Name		Quantity	Notes
HM 12	Iran	N/A	60mm mortar.
L16 81mm mortar	United Kingdom	N/A	81mm mortar.
PM-37	Soviet Union	200	82mm mortar. Also M-37M variant.^[179]
2B14 Podnos^[180]	Soviet Union	N/A	82mm mortar.
2B9 Vasilek	Soviet Union	N/A	82mm mortar. 2B9 and 2B9M variants.^[181]
M1938	Soviet Union	200	120mm mortar.
PM-43^[182]	Soviet Union	700	120mm mortar.
M1943	Soviet Union	100	160mm mortar.
M-160 mortar^[106]	Soviet Union	200	160mm mortar.
M-240	Soviet Union	30	240mm mortar. 3F2 Gagara and 3O8 Nerpa ammunition. It was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel against militant groups in East Ghouta.^[183]

Field artillery

Name	Quantity^[85]	Origin	Type	Notes
ZIS-3	N/A	Soviet Union	Anti-tank gun	76mm.
D-44	N/A	Soviet Union	Anti-tank gun	85mm.
D-48	N/A	Soviet Union	Anti-tank gun	85mm.
BS-3	N/A	Soviet Union	Anti-tank gun	100mm.
T-12	20+	Soviet Union	Anti-tank gun	100mm.
D-74	400	Soviet Union	Field gun	122mm. Supplied by Russia in 2015.^[86]
M-46	800+	Soviet Union	Field gun	130mm. Also Iranian HERA^[169] and Chinese BEE4 BB/RAP projectiles in use since 2007.^[184] Mobile version in service.^[185]^[168] More units supplied by Russia in 2023.^[186]
M-30	150	Soviet Union	Howitzer	122mm. 21 additional M-30s were delivered by Russia to Syria in May 2017.^[111]
A-19	100	Soviet Union	Howitzer	122mm. As of 2000, in storage. Syrian Army reactivated several units and used them against rebel forces in late 2016.
D-1	20	Soviet Union	Howitzer	152mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-20	20^[182]	Soviet Union	Howitzer	152mm. Krasnopol laser-guided projectile. Supplied by Russia in 2015.^[86]
D-30	600+	Soviet Union	Howitzer	122mm. Chinese BEE4 BB/RAP projectiles in use since 2007.^[184] More units supplied by Russia in 2023.^[186]
ML-20	50	Soviet Union	Howitzer	152mm. Used against ISIS in September 2016.
Msta-B^[187]	N/A	Soviet Union	Howitzer	152mm. Krasnopol laser-guided projectile. Supplied by Russia between 2015 and 2016.^[188]^[189]
S-23	20^[190]	Soviet Union	Howitzer	180mm. VOF28 round with RAP projectile OF-23.^[191] Used by Syrian Army in 2013 and 2015.^[192]

Self-propelled field artillery

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
2S1 Gvozdika	Self-propelled howitzer	206^[2]	Soviet Union	122mm. 300 as of 2011. 94 lost in the civil war.^[2]
2S3 Akatsiya	Self-propelled howitzer	89^[2]		152mm, 11 lost in the civil war.^[2]
2S4 Tyulpan^[193]	Mortar carrier	24		240mm.
2S9 Nona^[194]	Mortar carrier	N/A		120mm. Delivered by Russia in 2017.^[130]

Multiple launch rocket systems

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
BM-11	Multiple rocket launcher	100	North Korea	122mm. Supplied by North Korea.^[106]
BM-14		N/A	Soviet Union	140mm. BM-14M and MM variants.^[195]
BM-21 Grad		300+		122mm, 4 BM-21 and 1 2B5 lost in the civil war.
BM-27 Uragan		36		220mm. Spotted in November 2014 during the Syrian Civil War, most likely delivered by Russia, 1 lost. Also known as "Ra'ad".^[196]
BM-30 Smerch		N/A		300mm. Presence confirmed by use of the 9M55K cluster munition used by the system.^[197] Syria received several BM-30s from either Belarus or more likely Russia in early 2014.^[198]
TOS-1A	Thermobaric multiple rocket launcher	8+	Russia	220mm, some TOS-1As were delivered by Russia in 2015.^[199]
Type 63 / Fajr-1^[182]	Multiple rocket launcher	N/A	Iran China	107mm.
Fajr-3^[200]		N/A	Iran	240mm.
Fajr-5^[201]		N/A		333mm.
Falaq-1^[202]		N/A		240mm.
Falaq-2^[202]		N/A		333mm.
Khaibar-1^[203]		N/A	Syria	302mm.
Burkan^[204]		N/A		107mm, 122mm, 220mm and 300mm variants. HE-Fragmentation, anti-personnel cluster. Used on Shams platform.
Golan-65^[205]		N/A
Golan-250^[205]		N/A
Golan-300^[205]		N/A
Golan-400^[205]		N/A		122mm.
Golan-500^[206]		N/A		130mm.
Golan-1000^[207]		25+		500mm.^[208]

Anti-ship missile systems

Model	Type	Origin	Quantity	Notes
C-802^[85]	Anti-ship cruise missile	People's Republic of China		(CSS-N-8 Saccade)^[209]
Noor	Anti-ship cruise missile	Iran	10 systems	Delivered between 2009 and 2010.^[210]
K-300P Bastion-P / P-800 Yakhont^[211]^[212]	Mobile anti-ship and surface-to-surface missile system	Russia	4 systems	(SS-C-5 Stooge)
P-5 Pyatyorka	Cruise missile	Soviet Union	4 systems	(SS-C-1 Sepal)
P-15M/P-22^[85]	Anti-ship missile	Soviet Union	6 systems	(SS-C-3 Styx)

Anti-air guns and systems

Towed anti-aircraft artillery

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
KS-19	Anti-aircraft gun	100+	Soviet Union	100 mm.
61-K	Anti-aircraft gun	N/A		37 mm, 2 barrels.
ZPU	Anti-aircraft gun	1,500+		14.5mm single, twin and quad mount. Also mounted on technicals.
ZU-23-2^[213]	Anti-aircraft gun	650+		23 mm, 2 barrels. Mounted on technicals.
M1939	Anti-aircraft gun	300+		37 mm. Mounted on technicals.
S-60	Anti-aircraft gun	880+		57 mm. Mounted on KamAZ-43114.^[214] More units supplied by Russia in 2023.^[186]

Towed air defence

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
S-75 Dvina (SA-2)	Strategic surface-to-air missile system	320^[215]	Soviet Union Russia	S-75 Dvina and S-75M Volga obr. 1995 variants.
S-125 Neva/Pechora (SA-3 Pechora + Pechora-2M)		148^[215] +30 2M^[216]	Soviet Union Russia	Pechora-2M supplied by Russia in 2013. Additional 2M's delivered in 2023.
S-200 (SA-5)		2 defense regiment comprising 2 divisions including 2 batteries S-200 (44 launchers) in service as of 2010 and 2014.^[217]^[218] 3 regiments as of 2023^[update].^[219]	Soviet Union	S-200VE variant brought from USSR in 1983. Modified by CERS.^[220] Command post S-300 can manage in any combination the elements of S-200 and S-300.^[221]^[222]^[223]

Self-propelled air defence

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
ZSU-23-4 Shilka	Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	400^[1] (in 2010) 250^[2] (in 2020)	Soviet Union	23 mm, often used in urban areas against rebel forces.
ZSU-57-2 Sparka	Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	10^[1]		Most in storage, some units were reactivated during the Syrian Civil War.^[85]
2K12 Kub (SA-6)	Self-propelled surface-to-air missile system	195–200 (As of 2012)^[215]^[224]
9K33 Osa (SA-8)		14–60,^[1]^[225] 14 batteries (60 launchers – autonomous war machines)^{[citation needed]}		9K33M3 Osa-AK and Osa-AKM variants. Two were captured by Liwa al-Islam.
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9)		20^[1]
9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13)		30^[1]
Buk-M1-2 (SA-11)		20^[1]
Tor-M1 (SA-15)		N/A	Russia	Modified Tor-M1 "Dezful" variant. Supplied by Iran in 2018.^[226]
9K37M2E Buk-M2E (SA-17)		Up to 40	Russia	Observed in use at Al-Mezzah.^[227]
9M311-1M Tunguska (SA-19)	Self-propelled air-defence system	6^[228]	Soviet Union
S-300 (S-300 SA-20A / SA-20B)	Surface-to-air missile system	24 S-300PM2^[229]	Russia	49 pieces of equipment were delivered by Russia around October 7, 2018, not confirmed when they will become operational ^[230]
Pantsir-S1 (SA-22)	Self-propelled SAM system	57+^[231] In 2016, +1RL-123E Early detection radar, +command posts. (+10 Pantsir S-2)^[232]	Russia
Bavar-373	Long Range Mobile SAM	N/A	Iran	Sayyad-4B missile. Delivered in 2022.^[233]^[234]
Khordad-3	Mid- Range Mobile SAM	N/A		Taer 2 and Sayad missile. Delivered between 2019 and 2022.^[233]
Khordad-15	Long Range Mobile SAM	N/A		Sayyad-3 missile. Delivered in 2023.^[233]^[234]
Mersad	Short- to Mid- Range Mobile SAM	N/A		Shahin missile. Delivered between 2019 and 2021.^[233]^[234]

Electronic warfare systems

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Photo	Notes
Groza-S	Mobile electronic countermeasure system	N/A	Belarus		Supplied by Belarus in 2018.^[235]^[236]

Missiles

Ballistic missiles

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
FROG-7^[237]	Tactical ballistic missile	≈18 mobile launchers^[238]	Soviet Union	SRBM. Unknown number of missiles.
Scud-B/Hwasong-5^[237]	Tactical ballistic missile	≈42 mobile launchers^[238]	Soviet Union North Korea	SRBM. ≈200 missiles.
OTR-21 Tochka/Hwasong-11^[237]	Tactical ballistic missile	≈12 mobile launchers^[238]	Soviet Union North Korea	SRBM. ≈100 missiles.^[238] Russia allegedly sent 50 additional Tochka missiles in February 2017 to Tartus.^[239]
Hwasong-6^[237]	Tactical ballistic missile	≈160 missiles^[238]	North Korea Syria	SRBM. North Korean Scud C version produced in Syria.
Hwasong-7^[237]	Strategic ballistic missile	N/A^[238]	North Korea Syria	MRBM. North Korean Scud D version produced in Syria.
Hwasong-9^[237]	Strategic ballistic missile	≈100 missiles^[238]	North Korea Syria	MRBM. North Korean Scud D version produced in Syria.
Maysaloun^[237]	Tactical ballistic missile	N/A^[238]	Syria	Three versions with different ranges and characteristics.
Fateh-110^[237]	Tactical ballistic missile	900+ missiles^[238]	Iran Syria	SRBM. Local designation M-600 or Tishreen.
Zelzal-2^[240]	Tactical ballistic missile	N/A	Iran	SRBM.
Zelzal-3	Tactical ballistic missile	N/A		SRBM.
Shahab-2	Tactical ballistic missile	N/A		SRBM. At least one used in February 2014.

Cruise missiles

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Photo	Notes
P-800 Oniks	Super-sonic cruise missile	N/A	Russia		Missile can perform anti-ship role & also can be deployed from land or air.^[241]

Command posts

Higher level command posts

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
Senezh-M1E^[242]	General-purpose self-acting^[243] higher level command post	N/A^[224]	Soviet Union	As an option, with the use of higher level command post, management of all types of air defense systems, the Air Force and all kinds of radar air defense forces. Effective radius of 1,600 km for 77 fired targets^[244] May receive data order to send target indication for different systems.^[245]
Polyana-D4	Upper level command post for air defence	N/A^[224]	Russia	Supplied by Russia in 2018.^[246]

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Non-combat unmanned air vehicles

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Notes
Tu-143	Unmanned aerial vehicle	N/A	Soviet Union	Reconnaissance drone, in service as target drone.^[247]
Orlan-10	Unmanned aerial vehicle	N/A	Russia	Medium-range reconnaissance/surveillance drone. Used since 2023.
Ababil-2	Kamikaze unmanned aerial vehicle	N/A	Iran	Medium-range kamikaze drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since mid 2012.^[248]
Ababil-3	Unmanned aerial vehicle	N/A		Medium-range reconnaissance/surveillance and short/medium-range attack drone. Produced under license in Syria.^[85]
Mohajer-2	Unmanned aerial vehicle	N/A		Reconnaissance drone. Used before the Syrian Civil War.^[248]
Mohajer-4	Unmanned aerial vehicle	N/A		Reconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2012.^[248]
Yasir	Unmanned aerial vehicle	N/A		Reconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2013.^[249]

Combat unmanned air vehicles

Name	Type	Quantity	Origin	Photo	Notes
Mohajer 6	Unmanned combat aerial vehicle	N/A	Iran		Multirole ISTAR/combat drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2019.^[250]

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^ 25th SMF Div. member in full desert camouflage
^ The 25th SMF Div. has received another batch of 6b45 vests in a different digital camo. The ones they got a few months ago (right picture).
^ Paratrooper in Russian multicam uniform.
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^ Army continues Special Missions Force training today.
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^ Stormtrooper, 25th SMF Division, armed with an upgraded AK-74M.
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Works cited

International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2016). The Military Balance 2016. Vol. 116. Routlegde. ISBN 9781857438352.
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Rottman, Gordon (24 May 2011). The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series assault rifles. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-835-0.^{[permanent dead link]}

External links

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