List of ambassadors of the United States to Eswatini

Ambassador of the United States to Eswatini
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent Caitlin Piper Chargé d'Affairs ad interim since October 27, 2023^[1]
Inaugural holder	Charles J. Nelson as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Formation	June 9, 1971
Website	U.S. Embassy - Mbabane

This is a list of ambassadors of the United States to Eswatini (formerly Swaziland).

By direction of King Mswati III, the English language form of his country's name was changed from Swaziland to Eswatini in 2018.^[2] Diplomatic missions were officially notified of this new name on May 18, 2018, and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names approved the new country name "Eswatini" (short-form) or "Kingdom of Eswatini" (long-form) on May 25, 2018 for U.S. government communications and documentation.^[3]

After the Second Boer War of 1899–1902, Swaziland became a British protectorate and thus came under the hegemony of the British Empire. In the early years of colonial rule, the British had expected that Swaziland would eventually be incorporated into South Africa. After World War II, however, South Africa’s racial policies induced the United Kingdom to prepare Swaziland for independence. In 1966, the UK Government agreed to discuss a new constitution, and Swaziland became independent on September 6, 1968.

The United States immediately recognized the new nation and established an embassy in the capital Mbabane on September 6, 1968, independence day for Swaziland. Chris C. Pappas, Jr., was appointed as chargé d'affaires ad interim pending the appointment of an ambassador. The first ambassador, Charles J. Nelson was appointed on June 9, 1971. He was accredited to Swaziland, Lesotho, and Botswana while resident in Gaborone, Botswana.

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Ambassadors

U.S. diplomatic terms
Career FSO After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time. Political appointee A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends). Appointed The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office. Presented credentials The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely. Terminated mission Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy. Chargé d'affaires The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. Ad interim Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime".

Career FSO
After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time.

Political appointee
A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends).

Appointed
The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office.

Presented credentials
The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely.

Terminated mission
Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy.

Chargé d'affaires
The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country.

Ad interim
Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime".

Note: Chris C. Pappas, Jr. served as chargé d'affaires September 1968–April 1969. Robert W. Chase served in that capacity, April 1969–August 1971.


Name	Title	Appointed	Presented credentials	Terminated mission	Notes
Charles J. Nelson – Political appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	June 9, 1971	November 3, 1971	March 2, 1974	One ambassador, resident at Gaborone, was accredited to Botswana, Swaziland, and Lesotho.
David B. Bolen – Career FSO		February 28, 1974	April 22, 1974	August 11, 1976
Donald R. Norland – Career FSO^[4]		November 17, 1976	February 23, 1978	September 8, 1979	In 1979 the first ambassador was appointed solely for Swaziland.
Richard Cavins Matheron – Career FSO		November 27, 1979	March 11, 1980	May 26, 1982
Robert H. Phinny – Political appointee		August 17, 1982	January 12, 1983	September 5, 1984
Harvey Frans Nelson, Jr. – Career FSO		August 1, 1985	October 14, 1985	July 29, 1988
Mary A. Ryan – Career FSO		July 11, 1988	August 25, 1988	January 24, 1990
Stephen H. Rogers – Career FSO		October 22, 1990	November 15, 1990	November 19, 1993
John T. Sprott – Career FSO		August 9, 1993	February 17, 1994	August 1, 1996
Alan R. McKee – Career FSO		July 2, 1996	October 11, 1996	July 12, 1999
Gregory Lee Johnson^[5] – Career FSO		November 16, 1999	February 3, 2000	October 18, 2001
James D. McGee – Career FSO		January 30, 2002	February 21, 2002	August 10, 2004
Lewis W. Lucke – Career FSO		July 2, 2004	August 26, 2004	July 22, 2006
Maurice S. Parker – Career FSO		July 20, 2007	September 21, 2007	June 12, 2009
Earl M. Irving – Career FSO		July 31, 2009	August 27, 2009	August 27, 2012
Makila James - Career FSO		August 27, 2012	September 20, 2012	February 5, 2016
Lisa J. Peterson - Career FSO		November 19, 2015	February 5, 2016	December 1, 2020
Jeanne Maloney - Career FSO		December 9, 2020	March 4, 2021	December 20, 2022
Caitlin Piper - Career FSO	Chargé d'Affairs ad interim	December 20, 2022		January 26, 2023
Earl R. Miller – Career FSO		January 27, 2023		October 27, 2023
Caitlin Piper - Career FSO		October 27, 2023		Incumbent

Notes

^ https://sz.usembassy.gov/charge-daffaires-ad-interim-caitlin-piper/
^ Motau, Phephile (May 18, 2018). "Kingdom Of Eswatini Change Now Official". www.times.co.sz. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ "Appendix A: Notes on Nationality (from Report of the Visa Office 2018)" (PDF). travel.state.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ Norland was commissioned during a recess of the Senate and recommissioned after confirmation on June 24, 1977.
^ "Gregory Lee Johnson". Black Past. 28 February 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2021.

References

United States Department of State: Background notes on Eswatini
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

External links

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This page was last edited on 30 October 2023, at 05:07