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List of United States energy acts

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of statutes enacted by the United States Congress pertaining to the energy industry.

Year Title Summary
1920 Federal Water Power Act
1935 Federal Power Act
  • Put electricity sale and transportation regulation under Federal Power Commission
1935 Public Utility Holding Company Act
1936 Rural Electrification Act
1938 Natural Gas Act
1946 Atomic Energy Act
  • Put development of nuclear weapons and power under civilian control (instead of military)
1954 Atomic Energy Act
  • Opened way for civilian nuclear power program
1974 Solar Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1974
  • Created the Solar Energy Coordination and Management Project
  • Created the Solar Energy Research Institute (the predecessor to NREL)
1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act
1977 Department of Energy Organization Act
1978 National Energy Act, incorporating:
  • Encouraged conservation efforts in homes, schools, and other public buildings
  • Restricted new power plants using oil or natural gas (repealed in 1987)
  • Opened electric markets to alternative power producers
  • Taxed "gas guzzlers", gave income tax credits for alternative fuel use
  • Phased deregulation of gas wellhead prices
1978 Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978
1980 Energy Security Act, incorporating:[1]
1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act
1992 Energy Policy Act
  • Required alternative fuel vehicle use in some private/government fleets
2005 Energy Policy Act
2007 Energy Independence and Security Act, incorporating:
2008 Public Law 110-343,[3] incorporating:
2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
2009 Defense Production Act Reauthorization
  • Modified the Defense Production Act to promote renewables and the smart grid
2015 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016
  • Extended renewable energy tax cuts
  • Lifted crude oil export ban
2020 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, incorporating:
  • Energy Act of 2020
2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
2022 CHIPS and Science Act
  • Expanded funding for DOE research, development and national security initiatives
2022 Inflation Reduction Act
  • Provided funding for a smart grid and forgave debts held by utility cooperatives
  • Extended and modified renewable energy tax cuts
  • Weatherized low-income homes
  • Provided tax incentives for electric vehicles and new appliances
  • Prioritized oil exploration ahead of renewables for federal land leases

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Transcription

Have you ever wondered who has the authority to make laws or punish people who break them? When we think of power in the United States, we usually think of the President, but he does not act alone. In fact, he is only one piece of the power puzzle and for very good reason. When the American Revolution ended in 1783, the United States government was in a state of change. The founding fathers knew that they did not want to establish another country that was ruled by a king, so the discussions were centered on having a strong and fair national government that protected individual freedoms and did not abuse its power. When the new constitution was adopted in 1787, the structure of the infant government of the United States called for three separate branches, each with their own powers, and a system of checks and balances. This would ensure that no one branch would ever become too powerful because the other branches would always be able to check the power of the other two. These branches work together to run the country and set guidelines for us all to live by. The legislative branch is described in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. Many people feel that the founding fathers put this branch in the document first because they thought it was the most important. The legislative branch is comprised of 100 U.S. Senators and 435 members in the U.S. House of Representatives. This is better known as the U.S. Congress. Making laws is the primary function of the legislative branch, but it is also responsible for approving federal judges and justices, passing the national budget, and declaring war. Each state gets two Senators and some number of Representatives, depending on how many people live in that state. The executive branch is described in Article 2 of the Constitution. The leaders of this branch of government are the President and Vice President, who are responsible for enforcing the laws that Congress sets forth. The President works closely with a group of advisors, known as the Cabinet. These appointed helpers assist the President in making important decisions within their area of expertise, such as defense, the treasury, and homeland security. The executive branch also appoints government officials, commands the armed forces, and meets with leaders of other nations. All that combined is a lot of work for a lot of people. In fact, the executive branch employs over 4 million people to get everything done. The third brand of the U.S. government is the judicial branch and is detailed in Article 3. This branch is comprised of all the courts in the land, from the federal district courts to the U.S. Supreme Court. These courts interpret our nation's laws and punish those who break them. The highest court, the Supreme Court, settles disputes among states, hears appeals from state and federal courts, and determines if federal laws are constitutional. There are nine justices on the Supreme Court, and, unlike any other job in our government, Supreme Court justices are appointed for life, or for as long as they want to stay. Our democracy depends on an informed citizenry, so it is our duty to know how it works and what authority each branch of government has over its citizens. Besides voting, chances are that some time in your life you'll be called upon to participate in your government, whether it is to serve on a jury, testify in court, or petition your Congress person to pass or defeat an idea for a law. By knowning the branches, who runs them, and how they work together, you can be involved, informed, and intelligent.

See also

References

  1. ^ Energy Security Act (1980; 96th Congress S. 932) - GovTrack.us
  2. ^ Fact Sheet: America Competes Act of 2007, White House, August 2007
  3. ^ WashingtonWatch.com - H.R. 6049, The Renewable Energy and Job Creation Act of 2008
  4. ^ "Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, U.S. Government Printing Office" (PDF).

External links

This page was last edited on 25 March 2024, at 04:01
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