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List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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lieutenant general

This is a list of lieutenant generals in the United States Army from 2010 to 2019. The rank of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is the second-highest rank normally achievable in the U.S. Army, and the first to have a specified number of appointments set by statute. It ranks above major general (two-star general) and below general (four-star general).

There have been 154 lieutenant generals in the United States Army from 2010 to 2019, 35 of whom were promoted to four-star general. All 154 achieved that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Lieutenant generals entered the Army via several paths: 70 were commissioned via Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, 62 via the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), 13 via ROTC at a senior military college, six via Officer Candidate School (OCS), two via ROTC at a military junior college, and one via direct commission (direct).

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Transcription

List of generals

Entries in the following list of lieutenant generals are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was promoted to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army or was promoted to four-star rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Each entry lists the general's name, date of rank,[a] active-duty positions held while serving at three-star rank,[b] number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank (Yrs),[c] year commissioned and source of commission,[d] number of years in commission when promoted to three-star rank (YC),[e] and other biographical notes.[f]

List of U.S. Army lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019
# Name Photo Date of rank[a] Position[b] Yrs[c] Commission[d] YC[e] Notes[f]
1 William N. Phillips
1 Feb 2010   4 1976 (ROTC)[1] 34
2 Thomas P. Bostick
2 Feb 2010[2] 6 1978 (USMA) 32 (1956–        )
3 Robert L. Caslen Jr.
3 Mar 2010   8 1975 (USMA) 35 (1953–        ) President, University of South Carolina, 2019–2021.[3]
4 John E. Sterling Jr.
3 May 2010   2 1976 (USMA) 34 (1953–        )
5 John W. Morgan III
5 May 2010   2 1974 (ROTC) 36
6 Daniel P. Bolger
21 May 2010   3 1978 (Citadel) 32 (1957–        )
7 William J. Troy
5 Aug 2010   3 1975 (USMA) 35
* Frank J. Grass
30 Sep 2010[4] 2 1981 (OCS) 29 (1951–        )[g] Promoted to general, 7 Sep 2012. Served 12 years in the enlisted ranks before receiving his commission in 1981.
* Curtis M. Scaparrotti
15 Oct 2010[5] 3 1978 (USMA) 32 (1956–        )[h][i] Promoted to general, 2 Oct 2013.
8 John D. Johnson
9 Nov 2010   5 1977 (VMI) 33 (1952–        )
9 Richard P. Formica
5 Dec 2010   3 1977 (ROTC) 33 (1955–        )
10 Howard B. Bromberg
4 Jan 2011   3 1977 (ROTC) 34
11 Michael Ferriter
5 Jan 2011   3 1979 (Citadel) 32 (c. 1958        ) President/CEO, National Veterans Memorial and Museum, 2018–present.[6]
12 Francis J. Wiercinski
21 Mar 2011   2 1979 (USMA) 32 (1956–        )
13 Susan S. Lawrence
25 Mar 2011   2 1979 (ROTC)[7] 32 (c. 1954        )[8] Served seven years in the enlisted ranks before receiving her commission in 1979.
14 Rhett A. Hernandez
25 Mar 2011   2 1976 (USMA) 35 (1953–        )
15 J. Michael Bednarek
6 Apr 2011  
  • Commanding General, First Army, 2011–2013.
  • Chief, Office of Security Cooperation - Iraq (COSC-I), 2013–2015.
4 1975 (ROTC) 36
16 Donald M. Campbell Jr.
21 Apr 2011   3 1978 (ROTC) 33 (1955–        )
* Vincent K. Brooks
3 Jun 2011   2 1980 (USMA) 31 (1958–        )[h] Promoted to general, 2 Jul 2013.
* Joseph L. Votel
10 Jun 2011[9] 3 1980 (USMA) 31 (1958–        )[j] Promoted to general, 28 Aug 2014.
17 Keith C. Walker
2 Aug 2011   3 1976 (USMA) 35
* John F. Campbell
6 Sep 2011[10] 2 1979 (USMA) 32 (1957–        )[k][l] Promoted to general, 8 Mar 2013.
18 Terry A. Wolff
23 Sep 2011   2 1979 (USMA) 32
19 Michael T. Flynn
23 Sep 2011   3 1981 (ROTC) 30 (1958–        ) National Security Advisor, 2017. Brother of Army four-star general Charles A. Flynn.
20 William T. Grisoli
11 Oct 2011  
  • Director, Army Office of Business Transformation (DIROBT), 2011–2013.
  • Director, Army Staff (DAS), 2013–2015.
4 1976 (USMA) 35
21 Raymond V. Mason
3 Nov 2011  
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics (DCS G-4), 2011–2014.
3 1978 (ROTC) 33
22 Joseph E. Martz
10 Nov 2011   3 1979 (USMA) 32
23 Peter M. Vangjel
14 Nov 2011   3 1977 (ROTC) 34 (1955–        )
24 William E. Ingram Jr.
14 Nov 2011[11] 3 1972 (OCS)[m] 39 (1948–        )
* David G. Perkins
23 Nov 2011   3 1980 (USMA) 31 (1957–        ) Promoted to general, 14 Mar 2014.
25 Patricia D. Horoho
5 Dec 2011   4 1982 (ROTC) 29 (1960–        ) Wife of former government official Raymond T. Horoho.[13]
26 James L. Terry
10 Jan 2012   3 1978 (NGC)[n] 34 (1957–        )
27 Mary A. Legere
2 Apr 2012  
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Army Staff (DCS G-2), 2012–2016.
4 1982 (ROTC) 30
28 Raymond P. Palumbo
26 Apr 2012  
  • Director for Defense Intelligence (Warfighter Support) (DDIWS), 2012–2015.
3 1981 (USMA) 31 (1956–        )
29 Theodore C. Nicholas II
24 May 2012   3 1978 (ROTC) 34
30 David D. Halverson
4 Jun 2012   4 1979 (USMA) 33 (1957–        )
31 Jeffrey W. Talley
9 Jun 2012   4 1981 (ROTC) 31 (1959–        )
* Daniel B. Allyn
22 Jun 2012   1 1981 (USMA) 30 (1959–        )[k] Promoted to general, 10 May 2013.
* Robert B. Brown
4 Jul 2012   4 1981 (USMA) 31 (1959–        ) Promoted to general, 30 Apr 2016.
32 William B. Garrett III
20 Jul 2012   4 1981 (NGC)[n] 31 (1953–        )
33 Charles T. Cleveland
24 Jul 2012   3 1978 (USMA) 34 (1956–        )
34 David R. Hogg
26 Jul 2012   3 1981 (USMA) 31 (1958–        )
35 James O. Barclay III
27 Jul 2012[15] 2 1978 (USMA) 34
36 Patricia E. McQuistion
2 Aug 2012   3 1980 (ROTC) 32
37 Mark S. Bowman
22 Sep 2012  
  • Director, Command, Control, Communications and Computers/Cyber, Joint Staff, J6, 2012–2016.
4 1978 (Norwich) 34
38 Frederick B. Hodges III
30 Nov 2012   6 1980 (USMA) 32 (1958–        )
* Mark A. Milley
20 Dec 2012   2 1980 (ROTC) 32 (1958–        )[o][p] Promoted to general, 15 Aug 2014.
39 Kenneth E. Tovo
13 Feb 2013   5 1983 (USMA) 30 (1961–        )
40 James L. Huggins Jr.
8 Mar 2013   2 1980 (ROTC) 34
41 Joseph Anderson
6 Jun 2013   6 1981 (USMA) 32 (1959–        )
42 Michael S. Linnington
27 Jun 2013   2 1980 (USMA) 33 (1958–        ) Director, Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, 2015–2016.[17]
43 Bernard S. Champoux
27 Jun 2013   3 1977 (OCS) 36
44 Thomas W. Spoehr
17 Jul 2013  
  • Director, Army Office of Business Transformation (DIROBT), 2013–2016.
3 1980 (ROTC) 33
45 Michael S. Tucker
2 Aug 2013   3 1980 (OCS) 33 (1959–        )
46 David L. Mann
12 Aug 2013   4 1981 (ROTC) 32 (c. 1959        )
47 Edward C. Cardon
2 Sep 2013   5 1982 (USMA) 31 (1960–        )
* Robert B. Abrams
3 Sep 2013   2 1982 (USMA) 31 (1960–        )[h] Promoted to general, 10 Aug 2015. Son of Army four-star general Creighton Abrams and brother of Army four-star general John N. Abrams.
48 Flora D. Darpino
3 Sep 2013[18] 4 1987 (direct) 26 (1961–        )[r] First woman to become Judge Advocate General of the United States Army.
49 Perry L. Wiggins
4 Sep 2013   3 1983 (ROTC) 30 (1962–        )
50 William C. Mayville Jr.
6 Nov 2013   5 1982 (USMA) 31
51 Robert S. Ferrell
23 Dec 2013   4 1983 (ROTC) 30 First African-American to serve as Army chief information officer.
52 Stephen R. Lanza
7 Feb 2014   3 1980 (USMA) 34 (1957–        )
53 Bennet S. Sacolick
21 Mar 2014   2 1982 (OCS) 32
54 Kevin W. Mangum
28 Mar 2014   3 1982 (USMA) 32 (1960–        )
55 Michael E. Williamson
4 Apr 2014   3 1983 (ROTC) 31
* Raymond A. Thomas III
22 May 2014   2 1980 (USMA) 34 (1958–        )[j] Promoted to general, 30 Mar 2016.
56 Anthony G. Crutchfield
6 Jun 2014   3 1982 (ROTC) 32 (1960–        )
57 H. R. McMaster
15 Jul 2014   4 1984 (USMA) 30 (1962–        ) Resigned, 2018.[19]
58 Patrick J. Donahue II
29 Jul 2014   3 1980 (USMA) 34 (1957–        )
* James C. McConville
4 Aug 2014[20] 3 1981 (USMA) 33 (1959–        )[k][o] Promoted to general, 16 Jun 2017.
59 Sean B. MacFarland
8 Aug 2014   4 1981 (USMA) 33 (1959–        )
60 Karen E. Dyson
12 Aug 2014   3 1980 (ROTC) 34 (1959–        ) First female finance officer in any service to achieve three-star rank.[23]
* Gustave F. Perna
18 Sep 2014[24]
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Army Staff (DCS G-4), 2014–2016.
2 1981 (VFMAC) 33 (1960–        ) Promoted to general, 30 Sep 2016.
* John W. Nicholson Jr.
23 Oct 2014   2 1982 (USMA) 32 (1960–        )[l] Promoted to general, 2 Mar 2016. Son of Army brigadier general John W. Nicholson; nephew of U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Robert J. Nicholson.
61 Anthony R. Ierardi
11 Dec 2014   5 1982 (ROTC) 32 (1960–        )
62 David E. Quantock
12 Dec 2014[25] 4 1980 (Norwich) 34 (1962–        ) Provost Marshal General, U.S. Army, 2011–2014.
63 Frederick S. Rudesheim
1 Jan 2015   2 1981 (ROTC) 34 Director, William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, 2018–2022.[26]
64 Joseph P. DiSalvo
27 Mar 2015   3 1981 (USMA) 34
65 Timothy J. Kadavy
27 Mar 2015[27] 4 1987 (ROTC) 28 (1963–        )[u][v]
66 Larry D. Wyche
10 Apr 2015   2 1982 (ROTC) 33 (1957–        )
* Stephen J. Townsend
5 May 2015[30] 3 1982 (NGC)[n] 33 (1959–        )[j] Promoted to general, 3 Mar 2018.
67 Gary H. Cheek
7 Jul 2015[31] 3 1980 (USMA) 35
68 Ronald F. Lewis
23 Jul 2015   0 1987 (USMA) 28 (1966–        )[w] Relieved, 2015.[33]
69 Alan R. Lynn
23 Jul 2015   3 1979 (ROTC) 36
70 Michael H. Shields
27 Jul 2015   3 1983 (Norwich) 32
* Daniel R. Hokanson
15 Aug 2015[34] 5 1986 (USMA) 29 (1963–        )[g] Promoted to general, 3 Aug 2020.
* John M. Murray
27 Aug 2015[35] 3 1982 (ROTC) 33 (1960–        ) Promoted to general, 24 Aug 2018.
* Stephen R. Lyons
3 Sep 2015[36] 3 1983 (ROTC) 32 (c. 1962        )[j] Promoted to general, 24 Aug 2018.
71 Kenneth R. Dahl
3 Nov 2015   3 1982 (USMA) 33
* Michael X. Garrett
17 Nov 2015[37] 4 1984 (ROTC) 31 (1961–        ) Promoted to general, 21 Mar 2019. Chairman, American Battle Monuments Commission, 2023–present.[38][39]
72 Thomas S. Vandal
2 Feb 2016   2 1982 (USMA) 34 (1960–2018)[40]
73 Nadja Y. West
9 Feb 2016   3 1982 (USMA) 34 (1961–        ) First African-American woman to achieve the rank of lieutenant general in the Army.[41]
74 Robert P. Ashley Jr.
2 Mar 2016   4 1984 (ROTC) 32 (1960–        )
* Austin S. Miller
24 Mar 2016[42] 2 1983 (USMA) 33 (1961–        )[l] Promoted to general, 2 Sep 2018.
75 Michael K. Nagata
13 May 2016[43] 3 1982 (ROTC) 34 (1954–        )
76 Todd T. Semonite
19 May 2016   4 1979 (USMA) 37 (1957–        )
77 Michael D. Lundy
1 Jun 2016   3 1987 (ROTC) 29
* Darryl A. Williams
2 Jun 2016[44] 6 1983 (USMA) 33 (1961–        ) Promoted to general, 27 Jun 2022. First African-American superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy.[45]
78 Gwendolyn Bingham
29 Jun 2016  
  • Assistant Chief of Staff, Installation Management, Army Staff (ACSIM), 2016–2019.
3 1981 (ROTC) 35 (1959–        ) Quartermaster General, U.S. Army, 2010–2012.
79 Charles D. Luckey
30 Jun 2016   4 1977 (ROTC) 39 (1955–        )
80 Stephen M. Twitty
15 Jul 2016   4 1985 (ROTC) 31 (1963–        )
81 Jeffrey S. Buchanan
26 Aug 2016   3 1982 (ROTC) 34
82 Aundre F. Piggee
30 Sep 2016  
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Army Staff (DCS G-4), 2016–2019.
3 1981 (ROTC) 36 (1959–        )[x]
* Paul M. Nakasone
14 Oct 2016[47] 2 1986 (ROTC) 32 (1963–        )[j] Promoted to general, 4 May 2018. Director, National Security Agency, 2018–present.
83 Reynold N. Hoover
24 Oct 2016[48] 2 1983 (USMA) 33 (1961–        )
* James H. Dickinson
5 Jan 2017[49] 3 1985 (ROTC) 32 (c. 1962        )[j] Promoted to general, 20 Aug 2020.
* Paul E. Funk II
31 Mar 2017[50] 2 1984 (ROTC) 33 (1962–        ) Promoted to general, 21 Jun 2019. Son and son-in-law of Army lieutenant generals Paul E. Funk and John J. Yeosock.
84 Gary J. Volesky
3 Apr 2017   3 1983 (ROTC) 30 (1961–        )
85 Darrell K. Williams
1 May 2017   3 1983 (ROTC) 34 (1961–        ) President, Hampton University, 2022–present.[52]
* Bryan P. Fenton
12 May 2017[53] 5 1987 (ROTC) 30 (1965–        )[j] Promoted to general, 30 Aug 2022.
86 Paul A. Ostrowski
15 May 2017   3 1985 (USMA) 32 (c. 1963        ) Director, Supply, Production, and Distribution, Operation Warp Speed/Federal COVID-19 Response for Vaccine and Therapeutics, 2020–2021.[54]
87 Thomas C. Seamands
26 May 2017   3 1981 (ROTC) 36 (1959–        )
* Laura J. Richardson
9 Jun 2017[55] 4 1986 (ROTC) 31 (1963–        )[j] Promoted to general, 29 Oct 2021. Wife of Army lieutenant general James M. Richardson.
88 Charles N. Pede
14 Jul 2017[56] 4 1984 (ROTC) 33 [r]
89 Charles W. Hooper
31 Jul 2017   3 1979 (USMA) 38 (1957–        )
* Richard D. Clarke Jr.
1 Aug 2017[57] 2 1984 (USMA) 33 (1960–        )[j] Promoted to general, 29 Mar 2019.
* Edward M. Daly
1 Aug 2017   3 1987 (USMA) 30 (1965–        ) Promoted to general, 2 Jul 2020.
90 Bruce T. Crawford
1 Aug 2017[y] 3 1986 (ROTC) 31
91 Thomas A. Horlander
3 Aug 2017[58] 4 1983 (OCS) 34
92 Eric P. Wendt
31 Oct 2017   4 1986 (ROTC) 31 [z]
93 Michael A. Bills
5 Jan 2018   2 1983 (ROTC) 35 (1958–        )
* Christopher G. Cavoli
18 Jan 2018[60] 2 1987 (ROTC) 31 (c. 1965        )[i] Promoted to general, 1 Oct 2020.
* Paul J. LaCamera
19 Jan 2018[61] 1 1985 (USMA) 33 (1963–        )[h] Promoted to general, 18 Nov 2019. Brother-in-law of Army major general Jeffrey L. Bannister.
94 Scott D. Berrier
30 Jan 2018[62] 6 1983 (ROTC) 35 (1962–        )
95 Leslie C. Smith
7 Feb 2018[63] 3 1983 (ROTC) 35
96 Theodore D. Martin
2 Mar 2018[64] 4 1983 (USMA) 35 (1960–        )
97 Eric J. Wesley
12 Apr 2018   2 1986 (USMA) 32 (1964–        )
98 Stephen G. Fogarty
11 May 2018[65]
  • Commanding General, U.S. Army Cyber Command/Commander, Joint Force Headquarters - U.S. Army Cyber Command (CG ARCYBER/CDRJFHQ-ARCYBER), 2018–2022.
4 1983 (NGC)[n] 35 (c. 1965        )
99 Darsie D. Rogers Jr.
24 May 2018   2 1987 (ROTC) 31
100 Francis M. Beaudette
8 Jun 2018[66] 3 1989 (Citadel) 29
* Joseph M. Martin
2 Jul 2018[67] 1 1986 (USMA) 32 (1962–        )[k] Promoted to general, 26 Jul 2019.
101 John C. Thomson III
3 Aug 2018   2 1986 (USMA) 32 (1961–        )
102 James F. Pasquarette
29 Aug 2018[68] 3 1983 (ROTC) 35 (1961–        )
103 James M. Richardson
5 Sep 2018[69] 4 1983 (ROTC) 35 (1960–        ) Husband of Army four-star general Laura J. Richardson.[70]
104 Bradley A. Becker
5 Sep 2018   1 1986 (ROTC) 32 (c. 1965        ) Relieved, 2019.[71]
105 Thomas S. James Jr.
9 Oct 2018[72] 3 1985 (Citadel) 33 (1963–        )
* James E. Rainey
12 Oct 2018[73] 4 1987 (ROTC) 33 (c. 1964        ) Promoted to general, 4 Oct 2022.
* Andrew P. Poppas
28 Feb 2019[74] 3 1988 (USMA) 31 (1966–        ) Promoted to general, 8 Jul 2022.
106 Terry R. Ferrell
8 Mar 2019[75] 2 1984 (ROTC) 35 (1962–        )
107 Karen H. Gibson
28 Mar 2019   1 1986 (ROTC)[76] 33 Sergeant at Arms, U.S. Senate, 2021–present.[77]
108 L. Neil Thurgood
29 Mar 2019[78] 3 1986 (ROTC)[aa] 33
109 Walter E. Piatt
30 May 2019[80] 5 1987 (ROTC) 32 (c. 1960        ) Served eight years in the enlisted ranks before receiving his commission in 1987.
110 Robert P. White
5 Jun 2019[81] 3 1986 (ROTC) 33 (1963–        )
111 Leopoldo A. Quintas Jr.
17 Jun 2019[83] 2 1986 (USMA) 33 (1964–        )
* Charles A. Flynn
27 Jun 2019[84] 2 1985 (ROTC) 34 (1963–        ) Promoted to general, 4 Jun 2021. Brother of Army lieutenant general and former National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn.
112 Ronald J. Place
3 Sep 2019[85] 4 1986 (ROTC)[86] 33
113 Duane A. Gamble
16 Sep 2019[87]
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Army Staff (DCS G-4), 2019–2022.
3 1985 (ROTC) 34 (c. 1964        )[ab] Relieved, 2022.[88]
114 Ricky L. Waddell
27 Sep 2019[89] 2 1982 (USMA) 37 (1959–        ) Deputy National Security Advisor, 2017–2018.
115 Jason T. Evans
27 Sep 2019[90]
  • Deputy Chief of Staff, Installations, Army Staff (DCS G-9), 2019–2022.
3 1981 (WMA) 38
116 R. Scott Dingle
27 Sep 2019   5 1988 (ROTC) 31 (1965–        )
* Michael E. Kurilla
7 Oct 2019   3 1988 (USMA) 31 (1966–        )[j] Promoted to general, 1 Apr 2022.
117 Mark C. Schwartz
3 Nov 2019[92] 2 1987 (ROTC) 32
118 E. John Deedrick Jr.
30 Nov 2019[93] 4 1988 (Citadel) 31
119 Daniel L. Karbler
6 Dec 2019[94] 5 1987 (USMA) 32 (1966–        )

Timeline

2010–2019

Daniel L. KarblerE. John DeedrickMark C. SchwartzMichael KurillaR. Scott DingleJason T. EvansRicky L. WaddellDuane A. GambleRonald PlaceCharles A. FlynnLeopoldo A. QuintasRobert P. WhiteWalter E. PiattL. Neil ThurgoodKaren H. GibsonTerry R. FerrellAndrew P. PoppasJames RaineyThomas S. James Jr.Bradley BeckerJames M. Richardson (general)James PasquaretteJohn C. Thomson IIIJoseph M. MartinFrancis M. BeaudetteDarsie D. Rogers Jr.Stephen FogartyEric J. WesleyTheodore D. MartinLeslie C. SmithScott D. BerrierPaul LaCameraChristopher G. CavoliMichael A. BillsEric WendtThomas HorlanderBruce T. CrawfordEdward M. DalyRichard D. ClarkeCharles W. HooperCharles PedeLaura J. RichardsonThomas C. SeamandsPaul A. OstrowskiBryan P. FentonDarrell K. WilliamsGary J. VoleskyPaul E. Funk IIJames H. DickinsonReynold N. HooverPaul M. NakasoneAundre F. PiggeeJeffrey S. BuchananStephen TwittyCharles D. LuckeyGwen BinghamDarryl A. WilliamsMichael LundyTodd T. SemoniteMichael K. NagataAustin S. MillerRobert P. Ashley Jr.Nadja WestThomas S. VandalMichael X. GarrettKenneth R. DahlStephen R. LyonsJohn M. MurrayDaniel R. HokansonMichael H. ShieldsAlan R. LynnRonald F. LewisGary H. CheekStephen J. TownsendLarry D. WycheTimothy J. KadavyJoseph P. DiSalvoFrederick S. RudesheimDavid E. QuantockAnthony R. IerardiJohn W. Nicholson Jr.Gustave F. PernaKaren E. DysonSean MacFarlandJames C. McConvillePatrick J. Donahue IIH. R. McMasterAnthony G. CrutchfieldRaymond A. Thomas IIIMichael E. WilliamsonKevin W. MangumBennet S. SacolickStephen LanzaRobert S. FerrellWilliam C. Mayville Jr.Perry L. WigginsFlora D. DarpinoRobert B. AbramsEdward C. CardonDavid L. MannMichael S. TuckerThomas W. SpoehrBernard S. ChampouxMichael LinningtonJoseph Anderson (U.S. Army general)James L. Huggins Jr.Kenneth E. TovoMark MilleyBen HodgesMark S. BowmanPatricia E. McQuistionJames O. Barclay IIIDavid R. HoggCharles T. ClevelandWilliam B. Garrett IIIRobert Brooks BrownDaniel B. AllynJeffrey W. TalleyDavid D. HalversonTheodore C. Nicholas IIRaymond P. PalumboMary A. LegereJames L. TerryPatricia HorohoDavid G. PerkinsWilliam E. Ingram Jr.Peter M. VangjelJoseph E. MartzRaymond V. MasonWilliam T. GrisoliMichael T. FlynnTerry A. WolffJohn F. Campbell (general)Keith C. WalkerJoseph VotelVincent K. BrooksDonald M. Campbell Jr.John Michael BednarekRhett A. HernandezSusan S. LawrenceFrancis J. WiercinskiMichael FerriterHoward B. BrombergRichard P. FormicaJohn D. Johnson (general)Curtis ScaparrottiFrank J. GrassWilliam J. TroyDaniel P. BolgerJohn W. Morgan IIIJohn E. Sterling Jr.Robert L. CaslenThomas P. BostickWilliam N. PhillipsIraq WarWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

History

Quasi-War

George Washington

The rank of lieutenant general in the United States Army was established in 1798 when President John Adams commissioned George Washington in that grade to command the armies of the United States during the Quasi-War with France. The next year, Congress replaced the office of lieutenant general with that of General of the Armies of the United States but Washington died before accepting the new commission, remaining a lieutenant general until posthumously promoted to General of the Armies in 1976.[95]

Mexican War

Winfield Scott

In 1855 Congress rewarded the Mexican War service of Major General Winfield Scott by authorizing his promotion to brevet lieutenant general, to rank from 29 March 1847, the date of the Mexican surrender at the Siege of Veracruz.[96] As a lieutenant general only by brevet, Scott remained in the permanent grade of major general but was entitled to be paid as a lieutenant general from the date of his brevet commission, resulting in a public tussle with Secretary of War Jefferson Davis over the amount of backpay Scott was owed. Congress resolved all issues in Scott's favor once Davis left office in 1857, and allowed Scott to retire at full pay in 1861.[97]

Civil War

John M. Schofield

The grade of lieutenant general was revived in February 1864 to allow President Abraham Lincoln to promote Major General Ulysses S. Grant to command the armies of the United States during the American Civil War. After the war, Grant was promoted to general and his vacant lieutenant general grade was filled by Major General William T. Sherman. When Grant became President in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general and Major General Philip H. Sheridan succeeded Sherman as lieutenant general. Congress suspended further promotions to general and lieutenant general in 1870, but made an exception in 1888 to promote Sheridan on his deathbed by discontinuing the grade of lieutenant general and merging it with the grade of general.[98]

In 1895 Congress briefly revived the grade of lieutenant general to promote Sheridan's successor as commanding general of the Army, Major General John M. Schofield. Schofield had lobbied for the grade to be permanently reestablished in order to cement the primacy of all future commanding generals over the Army's other major generals. However, Congress regarded the lieutenant generalcy as the penultimate military accolade, second only to promotion to full general, and refused to devalue the title's significance by conferring it on any future commanding general less eminent than previous recipients. Instead, Schofield himself was promoted to lieutenant general as a one-time personal honor eight months before he retired.[99] In retirement Schofield argued that the rank of lieutenant general ought to be permanently associated with the office of commanding general, not the individual officers occupying it, and that an officer serving as commanding general should hold the ex officio rank of lieutenant general while so detailed but revert to his permanent grade of major general upon leaving office. Over the next five decades, Schofield's concept of lieutenant general as temporary ex officio rank would slowly prevail over the concept of lieutenant general as permanent personal grade.[100]

Spanish–American War

Henry C. Corbin

The question of whether the lieutenant generalcy should be a permanent personal grade or a temporary ex officio rank was phrased in terms of the line of the Army, whose officers commanded combat formations, and its staff, whose officers performed specialized support functions. Permanent personal promotions to general officer grades were only available in the line, but staff officers could temporarily acquire general officer rank while detailed to an office bearing that statutory rank, so officers holding the permanent grade of general officer were called general officers of the line and ex officio general officers were called general officers of the staff.[101]

Arthur MacArthur Jr.

In June 1900 Schofield's successor as commanding general, Major General Nelson A. Miles, was made a lieutenant general of the staff by an amendment to the United States Military Academy appropriations bill that granted the rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army.[102] Eight months later, the 1901 Army reorganization bill replaced this ex officio rank with the permanent grade of lieutenant general of the line.[103] When Miles retired in 1903, the senior major general was Adjutant General Henry C. Corbin, but as a staff corps officer Corbin was ineligible to command the Army, so the lieutenant generalcy went instead to the senior major general of the line, Samuel B. M. Young. Young reached the statutory retirement age five months later and was succeeded by Adna R. Chaffee. Seniority and scheduled retirements suggested that Chaffee would be succeeded in 1906 by Arthur MacArthur Jr., but both Corbin and Major General John C. Bates were scheduled to retire for age that year and it was decided that MacArthur's ascension would not be materially delayed by first promoting Bates and Corbin to lieutenant general for the few months of active duty remaining to them.[104]

Corbin's promotion became controversial when he declined to be detailed as chief of staff of the Army. Corbin felt the chief of staff should be a younger officer with the time and energy to enact a long-range program, not a superannuated placeholder on the cusp of retirement, so when Bates retired Corbin became lieutenant general but Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell became chief of staff.[105] However, by divorcing the Army's highest grade from its highest office, Corbin had again reduced the lieutenant generalcy to a personal honor. Many in Congress believed Corbin was not in the same class as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and Schofield, and pressed to abolish the lieutenant generalcy immediately, but after a heated debate MacArthur's supporters managed to preserve the grade until after MacArthur's promotion.[106]

MacArthur was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1906. Since he was the last Civil War officer expected to succeed to the grade, Congress stopped further promotions to lieutenant general in March 1907 and stated that the active-duty grade would be abolished when MacArthur retired.[107] Later that month, MacArthur asked to be relieved of his duties, disgruntled at his anomalous position of being the ranking officer of the Army yet consigned to the command of a mere division and subject to orders from an officer he outranked, Chief of Staff Bell, whose four-year term extended beyond MacArthur's statutory retirement date. MacArthur returned home to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he marked time writing up travel reports until he retired in 1909.[108]

World War I

Hunter Liggett

In October 1917, Congress authorized the President to appoint as generals the chief of staff of the Army and the commander of the United States forces in France, and as lieutenant generals the commanders of the field armies and army corps, so that they would not be outranked by their counterparts in allied European armies. Unlike previous incarnations, these new grades were time-limited, authorized only for the duration of the World War I emergency, after which their bearers would revert to their lower permanent grades. The commander of the American Expeditionary Force, Major General John J. Pershing, was immediately appointed emergency general, as were two successive Army chiefs of staff, but no emergency lieutenant generals were named for over a year because the armies they would command had not yet been organized.[109]

On 21 October 1918, Major Generals Hunter Liggett, commander of the First Army, and Robert L. Bullard, commander of the Second Army, were nominated to be emergency lieutenant generals, less than three weeks before the Armistice.[110] With victory imminent, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker sought legislation to reward the Army's high commanders by making their emergency grades permanent. However, Army Chief of Staff Peyton C. March had alienated many members of Congress by unilaterally reorganizing the Army without their input and his enemies blocked every effort to honor any officer but Pershing with higher rank. In the end, Pershing was promoted to permanent General of the Armies, but March, Liggett, and Bullard reverted to their permanent grades of major general when their emergency grades expired on 1 July 1920.[111]

Edgar Jadwin

After the war, there were a number of unsuccessful attempts to retire as lieutenant generals a list of officers that variously included Major Generals March, Liggett, Bullard, Enoch H. Crowder, Joseph T. Dickman, Leonard Wood, John F. Morrison, James G. Harbord, James W. McAndrew, Henry P. McCain, Charles P. Summerall, Ernest Hinds, Harry F. Hodges, William Campbell Langfitt, and George W. Goethals; Surgeon General Merritte W. Ireland; and Colonel William L. Kenly.[112] Finally, on 7 August 1929, the Army chief of engineers, Major General Edgar Jadwin, was retired as a lieutenant general by a 1915 law that automatically promoted officers one grade upon retirement if they had helped build the Panama Canal.[113] There was some consternation that a peacetime staff corps officer had secured more or less by chance a promotion deliberately withheld from the victorious field commanders of World War I, so the year after Jadwin's promotion all World War I officers were advanced to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list, including Liggett and Bullard.[114]

In 1942, Congress allowed retired Army generals to be advanced one grade on the retired list or posthumously if they had been recommended in writing during World War I for promotion to a higher rank which they had not since received, provided they had also been awarded the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, or the Distinguished Service Medal; retired Major Generals James G. Harbord and William M. Wright were both advanced to lieutenant general under this provision.[115]

Interwar

Walter C. Short

After Pershing retired in 1924, the rank of the Army chief of staff reverted to major general, the highest permanent grade in the peacetime Army. However, the Navy continued to maintain three ex officio vice admirals and four ex officio admirals, including the chief of naval operations, so in 1929 Congress raised the ex officio rank of the Army chief of staff to full general.[116] In 1939 Congress also assigned the ex officio rank of lieutenant general to the major generals of the Regular Army specifically assigned to command each of the four field armies, allowing President Franklin D. Roosevelt to appoint the first new active-duty lieutenant generals since World War I: First Army commander Hugh A. Drum, Second Army commander Stanley H. Ford, Third Army commander Stanley D. Embick, and Fourth Army commander Albert J. Bowley. Congress extended similar rank in July 1940 to the major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.[117]

As general officers of the staff, these new lieutenant generals bore three-star rank only while actually commanding a field army or department, and reverted to their permanent two-star rank upon being reassigned or retired. However, during World War II most lieutenant generals of the staff received concurrent personal appointments as temporary lieutenant generals in the Army of the United States so that they could be reassigned without loss of rank. Postwar legislation allowed officers to retire in their highest temporary grades, so most lieutenant generals of the staff eventually retired at that rank.[118] Of the lieutenant generals of the staff who were never appointed temporary lieutenant generals, Albert J. Bowley, Stanley H. Ford, Charles D. Herron, Daniel Van Voorhis, Herbert J. Brees, and Walter C. Short retired as major generals upon reaching the statutory retirement age; and Lloyd R. Fredendall qualified to retire in grade due to physical disability incurred during his term as lieutenant general. After the war, Brees and Short both applied to be advanced to lieutenant general on the retired list under a 1948 law; Brees was promoted but the administration specifically declined to advance Short, who had been relieved of command of the Hawaiian Department a few days after the defeat at Pearl Harbor.[119]

World War II

Delos C. Emmons

In September 1940, Congress authorized the President to appoint Regular Army officers to temporary higher grades in the Army of the United States during time of war or national emergency. The first temporary lieutenant general appointed under this authority was Major General Delos C. Emmons, Commander, General Headquarters Air Force; followed by Major General Lesley J. McNair, Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army. In July 1941, retired four-star general Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and appointed temporary lieutenant general as Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East.[120]

Dozens of officers were promoted to temporary lieutenant general during World War II. Lieutenant generals typically commanded one of the numbered field armies or air forces; served as deputy theater commanders; or headed major headquarters staffs, administrative commands, or support organizations. Officers were only allowed to retire in their temporary grades if they were retired due to disability incurred in the line of duty, but those compelled by good health to retire in a lower grade were eventually restored to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list.[121]

Subject to Senate approval, anyone could be appointed temporary lieutenant general, even a civilian. In January 1942, the outgoing Director General of the Office of Production Management, William S. Knudsen, was commissioned temporary lieutenant general in the Army of the United States, the only civilian ever to join the Army at such a high initial rank.[122]

Postwar

John W. O'Daniel

The modern office of lieutenant general was established by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, which authorized the President to designate certain positions of importance and responsibility to carry the ex officio rank of general or lieutenant general, to be filled by officers holding the permanent or temporary grade of major general or higher. Officers could retire in their highest active-duty rank, subject to Senate approval. The total number of positions allowed to carry such rank was capped at 15 percent of the total number of general officers, which worked out initially to nine generals and thirty-five lieutenant generals, of whom four generals and seventeen lieutenant generals were required to be in the Air Corps. All Air Corps personnel were transferred in grade to the United States Air Force by the National Security Act of 1947.[123]

Lieutenant generals typically headed divisions of the General Staff in Washington, D.C.; field armies in Europe, Japan, and the continental United States; the Army command in the Pacific; the unified command in the Caribbean; the occupation force in Austria; and senior educational institutions such as the National War College, the Army War College, and the Armed Forces Staff College. During the Korean War, the commanding general of the Eighth Army was elevated to full general, and the Eighth Army deputy commanding general and subordinate corps commanders were elevated to lieutenant general.

Senator John C. Stennis

By mid-1952, the number of active-duty general officers had swelled to nearly twice its World War II peak. In response, Congress enacted the Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, which tied the maximum number of generals to the total number of officers. However, the real limit was the so-called Stennis ceiling imposed by Mississippi Senator John C. Stennis, whose Senate Armed Services Committee refused to confirm general or flag officer nominations beyond what he considered to be a reasonable total, which typically was much lower than the statutory limit. The Stennis ceiling remained in effect from the mid-1950s until the post-Vietnam War drawdown.[124]

Unlike the temporary general and flag officer ranks of World War II, the 1947 ranks were attached to offices, not individuals, and were lost if an officer was reassigned to a lesser job.[125] Army generals almost always preferred to retire rather than revert to a lower permanent grade. A rare exception was Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel, who temporarily relinquished his third star upon becoming chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in French Indochina so that he would not outrank the theater commander in chief, French lieutenant general Henri Navarre. O'Daniel got his star back five months later when France withdrew from Indochina following Navarre's defeat at Dien Bien Phu.[126]

The rules dictating appointment of lieutenant generals, including the role of the Senate in confirming nominees, have remained largely consistent since the passing of the 1947 act, only changing periodically with congressionally dictated amendments to general and flag officer distributions.[127] Section 526 of the United States Code codifies the limits placed on general and flag officer appointments, specifying further for appointments above two-star grade.[128]

The formation of a series of new agencies directly under the Department of Defense in the 1960s and succeeding decades due to interservice deficiencies between the military departments necessitated an increase in joint duty three-star appointments.[129] The same became true for the two-star chiefs of service reserve commands in 2001[130] and service judge advocates general in 2008,[131] courtesy of the annually passed National Defense Authorization Acts.

War on Terror

Peter W. Chiarelli

The national emergency declared by President George W. Bush in the wake of the September 11 attacks[132] effectively removed all statutory limits for general officers in the Army. This resulted in the creation of a disproportionate number of lieutenant general billets for operations against extremist groups in the Middle East as part of the War on Terror, as land warfare was predominant against the guerilla tactics of groups such as al-Qaeda, ISIL and the Taliban.[133] It thus became commonplace for corps or field army commanders in the United States to be dual-hatted as the commander of a coalition force in support of such campaigns, such as Multi-National Corps – Iraq. A majority of eminent generals in the 2000s and 2010s either served as three-star field commanders or coalition commanders in the Middle Eastern theater of operations, including John Abizaid, David Petraeus, Peter Chiarelli,[134] Raymond Odierno and Lloyd Austin.

In anticipation of the end of the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan in 2011 and 2021 respectively, Congress moved to sharply reduce general and flag officer caps in directly preceding years, coinciding with the deactivations or American withdrawal from the respective campaigns' attached three-star and four-star commands.[135][136] The latest of these cuts, as part of the National Defense Authorization Act of 2017,[137] reduces the present cap[ac] further to 220 for the Army, 151 for the Navy, 187 for the Air Force, and 62 for the Marine Corps.[138]

Modern use

Incoming Army surgeon general Lt. Gen. Nadja West takes the oath of office as her husband, retired colonel Donald West, holds a Bible during her promotion ceremony on 9 February 2016.
Lt. Gen. Reynold N. Hoover gets his shoulder boards pinned on by Gen Joseph L. Lengyel (right), chief of the National Guard Bureau, and his wife, Kathy (left) during his promotion ceremony on 24 October 2016.

Aside from the conventional role of lieutenant generals as corps or field army commanders, three-star billets in the United States Army also include senior staff positions under the authority of the four-star chief and vice chief of staff (such as the director of the Army staff), high-level specialty positions[ad] like the judge advocate general,[139] chief of engineers,[140] surgeon general[140] and chief of Army Reserve,[141] deputy commanders of four-star Army commands and the commanders of the Army service component commands.[ae] The superintendent of the United States Military Academy has also been a lieutenant general without interruption since 1981, as has been the director of the Army National Guard[142] since 2001.[143]

Secretary of the Army Mark Esper administers the reaffirmation oath to Lt. Gen. Leslie C. Smith at his promotion ceremony on 9 February 2018.

About 20 to 30 joint service three-star billets exist at any given time that can be occupied by an Army lieutenant general, among the most prestigious being the director of the Joint Staff (DJS), principal staff advisor to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and historically considered a stepping stone to four-star rank.[144] All deputy commanders of the unified combatant commands are of three-star rank,[af] as are directors of Defense Agencies not headed by a civilian such as the director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIRDIA).[145] Internationally-based three-star positions include the United States military representative to the NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), the commander of Allied Land Command (LANDCOM), and the security coordinator for the Palestinian National Authority in Israel. All nominees for three-star rank must be confirmed via majority by the Senate before the appointee can take office and thus assume the rank.[146]

Statutory limits, elevations and reductions

Lt. Gen. James L. Terry assumes command of U.S. Army Central on 25 June 2013.

The U.S. Code states that no more than 38 officers in the U.S. Army may be promoted beyond the rank of major general and below the rank of general on the active duty list.[147] However, the President[147] may designate up to 15 additional three-star appointments, with the condition that for every service branch allotted such additional three-star appointments, an equivalent number must be reduced from other service branches. Other exceptions exist for non-active duty or reserve appointments, as well as other circumstances.[128] As such, three-star positions can be elevated to four-star grade or reduced to two-star grade when necessary, either to highlight their increasing importance to the defense apparatus (or lack thereof) or to achieve parity with equivalent commands in other services or regions. Few three-star positions are set by statute, leading to their increased volatility as they do not require congressional approval to be downgraded.

  • The office of the Army Chief Information Officer/G-6 was split into a civilian Army CIO and deputy chief of staff for cyber (G-6) in August 2020. Lieutenant General Bruce T. Crawford became the last commissioned officer to hold the unified position, retiring on 11 August 2020.[154] Major General John B. Morrison Jr. was confirmed for promotion to lieutenant general[155] and became the first deputy chief of staff for cyber (G-6) in August 2020.[156][157]

Senate confirmations

Military nominations are considered by the Senate Armed Services Committee. While it is rare for three-star or four-star nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn. Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session.

  • For example, the nomination of Major General Ryan F. Gonsalves for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as commanding general of U.S. Army Europe was withdrawn in November 2017[164] after an investigation was launched into the general's inappropriate comment to a female Congressional staffer.[165] As a result, Gonsalves was administratively reprimanded and retired in May 2018.[165][166][167]

Additionally, events that take place after Senate confirmation may still delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office.

Legislative history

The following list of Congressional legislation includes all acts of Congress pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army from 2010 to 2019.[aj]

Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large or Public Law number, and a summary of the act's relevance, with officers affected by the act bracketed where applicable. Positions listed without reference to rank are assumed to be eligible for officers of three-star grade or higher.

List of legislation on appointments of lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019
Legislation Citation Summary
Act of January 7, 2011

[Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011]

 124 Stat. 4209
 124 Stat. 4210
  • Authorized officers frocked to grade of lieutenant general or general to wear the insignia of that grade for up to 14 days before assuming position for which that grade is authorized.
  • Repealed 30-day waiting period following congressional notification before officers below grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral may wear insignia of the next higher grade.
Act of December 31, 2011

[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012]

 125 Stat. 1392
  • Reestablished position of vice chief of the National Guard Bureau[ak] and assigned officeholder statutory grade of lieutenant general.
  • Excluded vice chief of the National Guard Bureau from general and flag officer distribution limits.
Act of December 23, 2016

[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017]

 130 Stat. 2102
 130 Stat. 2103
 130 Stat. 2104
 130 Stat. 2105
 130 Stat. 2106
 130 Stat. 2107
  • Repealed authorization for the Chief of Staff to the President, if a general or flag officer of the United States Armed Forces, to be designated a position of importance and responsibility with grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral.[172]
  • Removed statutory requirement for the director of the Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center, if a commissioned officer, to hold grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral.
  • Repealed statutory requirement for the director of the Missile Defense Agency, if a commissioned officer, to hold grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral.[173]
  • Repealed statutory requirement for senior members of the United Nations Military Staff Committee to hold grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral.[174]
  • Repealed statutory requirement for the directors of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard to hold grade of lieutenant general (Timothy J. Kadavy).[175]
  • Repealed statutory requirement for chiefs of Army branches (chief of engineers, surgeon general, judge advocate general) to hold grade of lieutenant general (Todd T. Semonite, Nadja Y. West, Flora D. Darpino).
  • Repealed statutory requirement for the chief of Army Reserve to hold grade of lieutenant general (Charles D. Luckey).
Act of December 12, 2017

[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018]

 131 Stat. 1374
  • Repealed statutory requirement for the principal military deputy to the assistant secretary of the Army for acquisition, technology, and logistics to hold grade of lieutenant general (Michael E. Williamson).
Act of December 12, 2019

[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020]

 133 Stat. 1346
  • Required advice and consent of the Senate on any proposal by the secretary of defense to increase the retired grade of any military officer through the reopening of the determination or certification of said officer's retired grade.

See also

References

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Notes

  1. ^ a b Dates of rank are taken, where available, from the U.S. Army register of active and retired commissioned officers, the General Officer Management Office, or the National Guard Senior Leader Management Office. The date listed is that of the officer's first promotion to lieutenant general. If such a date cannot be found, the next date substituted should be that of the officer's assumption of his/her first three-star appointment. Failing which, the officer's first Senate confirmation date to lieutenant general should be substituted. For officers promoted to lieutenant general on the same date, they should be organized first by date of promotion to four-star rank, and then by the tier of their first listed assignment upon promotion to lieutenant general.
  2. ^ a b Positions listed are those held by the officer when promoted to lieutenant general. Dates listed are for the officer's full tenure, which may predate promotion to three-star rank or postdate retirement from active duty. Positions held in an acting capacity are italicized.
  3. ^ a b The number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Date of rank" column from the last year in the "Position" column. Time spent between active-duty three-star assignments is not counted.
  4. ^ a b Sources of commission are listed in parentheses after the year of commission and include: the United States Military Academy (USMA); Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university; ROTC at a senior military college such as the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), Norwich University (Norwich), Pennsylvania Military College (PMC), Widener University (Widener), North Georgia College (NGC), University of North Georgia (UNG), or The Citadel (Citadel); Officer Candidate School (OCS); the aviation cadet program (cadet); the Army National Guard (ARNG); direct commission (direct); and battlefield commission (battlefield).
  5. ^ a b The number of years in commission before being promoted to three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Commission" column from the year in the "Date of rank" column.
  6. ^ a b Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the Medal of Honor, Congressional Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, or honors of similar significance; major government appointments; university presidencies or equivalents; familial relationships with significant military officers or government officials such as U.S. Presidents, cabinet secretaries, U.S. Senators, or state governors; and unusual career events such as premature relief or death in office. Officers who served as enlisted soldiers for 7 years or more prior to commissioning are also noted.
  7. ^ a b Served as Chief, National Guard Bureau (CNGB).
  8. ^ a b c d Served as Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (COMUSFK).
  9. ^ a b Served as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Served as a combatant commander (CCDR).
  11. ^ a b c d Served as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA).
  12. ^ a b c Served as Commander, U.S. Forces-Afghanistan (COMUSFOR-A).
  13. ^ Enlisted in 1970, commissioned as infantry officer in 1972.[12]
  14. ^ a b c d Graduated from North Georgia College & State University, which merged with Gainesville State College in 2013 and is now the University of North Georgia.
  15. ^ a b Served as Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA).
  16. ^ Served as Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS).
  17. ^ Mann's term was extended beyond statutory limits due to the death of his confirmed successor, John G. Rossi.
  18. ^ a b Promoted directly from rank of brigadier general.
  19. ^ Mayville held the position concurrently with Marine lieutenant general Vincent R. Stewart for his full tenure. Stewart functioned as deputy for day-to-day running of USCYBERCOM whereas Mayville functioned as deputy in charge of separating USCYBERCOM from the National Security Agency.
  20. ^ The office is formally known as the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), but is listed here under the more commonly-used moniker of National Security Advisor (NSA).
  21. ^ Reverted to major general, Mar 2019; retired as lieutenant general, 3 Aug 2020.[28]
  22. ^ Nomination as Vice Chief, National Guard Bureau (VCNGB) returned to the President, 2020.[29]
  23. ^ Relieved with reversion to major general, Nov 2015; retired as brigadier general, May 2017.[32]
  24. ^ Retired as major general, Dec 2019.[46]
  25. ^ The promotion ceremony was held on 17 August 2017, with date of rank backdated to 1 August 2017.
  26. ^ Nomination as U.S. Ambassador to Qatar withdrawn, 2021.[59]
  27. ^ Enlisted in 1983, commissioned as aviation officer in 1986.[79]
  28. ^ Suspended as deputy chief of staff for logistics, Feb 2022; retired as major general, Apr 2022.
  29. ^ see "Modern use" section
  30. ^ For officers in specialty career paths such as the JAG Corps, Medical Corps, or Army Reserve, these positions are the highest they can attain. There have been exceptions, such as when Maryanne Miller was promoted to general in 2018, becoming the first Air Force Reserve officer to reach four-star rank.
  31. ^ with the exception of U.S. Army Europe and Africa (a four-star billet) and U.S. Army South (a two-star [one-star promotable] billet)
  32. ^ The deputy commander of U.S. European Command was a four-star position until 2007, when it was reduced in rank to make way for the establishment of U.S. Africa Command, commanded by a four-star officer. The last four-star deputy commander of USEUCOM, General William E. Ward, also became the first commander of USAFRICOM.
  33. ^ Per the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act, at least one deputy commander of USNORTHCOM must be a National Guard officer unless the commander is already such an officer.[151]
  34. ^ Established in July 1993 by General Order-15, ACSIM was to advise the chief of staff of the Army on garrison and installation operations for effective integration with Army installations at the base level. Starting in 2006, the commanding general of the U.S. Army Installation Management Command was dual-hatted as ACSIM.[158][159]
  35. ^ known as the Futures Center until 2006
  36. ^ Legislative history compiled from the U.S. Congress official website and U.S. Government Publishing Office official website.
  37. ^ redesignated director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau by NDAA 2005

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