Microsoft codenames are given by Microsoft to products it has in development before these products are given the names by which they appear on store shelves. Many of these products (new versions of Windows in particular) are of major significance to the IT community, and so the terms are often widely used in discussions before the official release. Microsoft usually does not announce a final name until shortly before the product is publicly available. It is not uncommon for Microsoft to reuse codenames a few years after a previous usage has been abandoned.
There has been some suggestion that Microsoft may move towards defining the real name of their upcoming products earlier in the product development lifecycle to avoid needing product codenames.[1]
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HOW MANY VERSIONS OF MICROSOFT WINDOWS CAN YOU NAME? / WINDOWS 1.0-10 / 5-YEAR-OLD KINDERGARTEN
15 Things You Didn’t Know About MICROSOFT
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Why Windows Vista Sucked | What Went Wrong
Qualitative coding and thematic analysis in Microsoft Word
Operating systems
Windows 3.x and 9x
Codename
Preliminary name
Final name
Notes
Ref
Janus
—
Windows & MS-DOS 5
Combined bundle of Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS 5 . Janus is a Roman god usually depicted with two faces, here symbolizing the previously separate Windows and MS-DOS products.
[2]
Jastro
—
Windows & MS-DOS 6
Combined bundle of Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS 6 . Portmanteau of Janus and Astro, the codename of MS-DOS 6.
[3]
Sparta, Winball
Windows 3.1 Plus
Windows for Workgroups 3.1
Windows 3.1 (16-bit ) with enhanced networking; designed to work particularly well as a client with the new Windows NT .
[4] [5]
Snowball
—
Windows for Workgroups 3.11
An updated version of Windows for Workgroups 3.1, which introduces 32-bit file access and network improvements. It also removes the Standard Mode, effectively dropping support for 16-bit x86 processors.
[6]
Chicago
Windows 4.0, Windows 93, Windows 94
Windows 95
For codenames of some of the internal components of Windows 95, see "Jaguar", "Cougar", "Panther" and "Stimpy" under § OS components .
[7] [8]
Detroit
—
USB Supplement to Windows 95 OSR2
Named after Detroit, Michigan . A writer for Maximum PC suggested that "Detroit" and other Windows 95-era names were answers to the question posed by Microsoft's "Where do you want to go today? " marketing campaign.
[9]
Nashville
Windows 96
Dropped
Named after Nashville . Cancelled upgrade for Windows 95; sometimes referred to in the press as Windows 96 . Codename was reused for Internet Explorer 4.0 and Windows Desktop Update which incorporated many of the technologies planned for Nashville.
[10] [11]
Memphis
Windows 97
Windows 98
—
[12] [13]
Millennium
—
Windows Me
ME stands for Millennium Edition ; Microsoft states that it is pronounced Me .
[14]
Windows NT family
Codename
Preliminary name
Final name
Notes
Ref
Razzle
NT OS/2, Advanced Windows
Windows NT 3.1
Is also the name of a script that sets up the Windows NT development environment. NT OS/2 reflected the first purpose of Windows NT to serve as the next version of OS/2 , before Microsoft and IBM split up. Microsoft used the NT OS/2 code to release Windows NT 3.1.
[15] [16] [17] [18]
Daytona
—
Windows NT 3.5
Named after the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida .
[19]
Cairo
—
Dropped
A cancelled project that would have fulfilled Bill Gates' "Information at your fingertips" vision.
[20]
Shell Update Release
—
Windows NT 4.0
—
Wolfpack
—
Microsoft Cluster Server
—
[21]
Janus
—
Windows 2000 64-bit
—
Impala
—
Windows NT 4.0 Embedded
—
[22]
Neptune
—
Dropped
Planned to be the first consumer-oriented release of Windows NT succeeding the Windows 9x series; merged with Odyssey to form Whistler.
[23]
Triton
—
Dropped
A planned minor update to "Neptune".
[24]
Odyssey
—
Dropped
Planned to be a successor to Windows 2000; merged with Neptune to form Whistler.
Whistler
Windows 2002
Windows XP
Named after Whistler Blackcomb , where design retreats were held.
Mantis
—
Windows XP Embedded
Named after the Mantis shrimp .
[22]
Freestyle
—
Windows XP Media Center Edition
—
[25] [26]
Harmony
—
Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004
—
[27]
Symphony
—
Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
—
[28]
Emerald
—
Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 Update Rollup 2
—
[29]
Diamond
—
Windows Media Center
Included with Windows Vista.
[29]
Springboard
—
—
Set of enhanced security features, included in Windows XP Service Pack 2 .
[30]
Lonestar
—
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005
—
[31]
Whistler Server
Windows 2002 Server, Windows .NET Server, Windows .NET Server 2003
Windows Server 2003
—
[32] [33]
Bobcat
—
Windows Small Business Server 2003
Not to be confused with Microsoft Bob .
[34]
Eiger, Mönch
—
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
Mönch included additional features for use on mobile devices.
[35] [36]
Longhorn
—
Windows Vista
Named after the Longhorn Bar in the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort; initially planned as a "minor release" between "Whistler" and "Blackcomb" (see below)
[37] [38] [39]
Blackcomb, Vienna
—
Dropped
The purported successor to Whistler, and later, Longhorn. Named after Whistler Blackcomb , where design retreats were held. Blackcomb was later renamed to Vienna in January 2006, named after the capital of Austria. Eventually cancelled due to scope creep and replaced with Windows 7.
[40] [41]
Q, Quattro
—
Windows Home Server
—
[42] [43]
Vail
—
Windows Home Server 2011
—
[44]
Longhorn Server
—
Windows Server 2008
—
[45]
Cougar
—
Windows Small Business Server 2008
—
[46]
Centro
—
Windows Essential Business Server
Named after the Spanish translation of the word "center".
[46]
Windows 7
—
Windows 7
The number 7 comes from incrementing the internal version number of Windows Vista (6.0) by one. Often incorrectly referred to as Blackcomb or Vienna, while the codenames actually refer to an earlier Vista successor project that was cancelled due to scope creep.
[40] [47] [48]
Windows Server 7
—
Windows Server 2008 R2
—
Fiji
Windows Vista Media Center Feature Pack 2008
Windows Media Center TV Pack 2008
Named after the country of Fiji .
[49]
Aurora
—
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials
—
[50]
Quebec
—
Windows Embedded Standard 7
—
[51]
Windows Server "8"
—
Windows Server 2012
—
[52]
Blue
—
Windows 8.1
—
[53]
Threshold
Windows 8.2[citation needed ] , Windows 9
Windows 10 (RTM) Windows 10 November Update
Named after a location seen in Halo: Combat Evolved , near which Installation 04 orbits.
[54]
Redstone
—
Windows 10 Anniversary Update Windows 10 Creators Update Windows 10 Fall Creators Update Windows 10 April 2018 Update Windows 10 October 2018 Update
Named after a fictional mineral from Minecraft .
[55] [56]
Santorini
Windows 10X
Dropped
Named after an island in Greece . Originally supposed to be a new OS to be released mid-late 2021, was eventually canceled. Some of its features were integrated into Windows 11 and other products.
[57]
Sun Valley
—
Windows 11
Named after Sun Valley, Idaho .
[58] [59] [60] [61]
Hudson Valley
—
Windows 12
A possibly-planned version of Windows scheduled to be released in 2024. Named after Hudson Valley, New York
[62] [63] [64]
Windows platform engineering milestones
The following are code names used for internal development cycle iterations of the Windows core, although they are not necessarily the code names of any of the resulting releases. With some exceptions, the semester designations usually matches the Windows version number.
^ a b c Builds of codebases were only released via the Windows Insider program.
^ Windows Server 2022 reports as version 21H2, although it is in fact based on the earlier Iron codebase.
Windows CE family
Windows Mobile
Codename
Preliminary name
Final name
Ref
Rapier
—
Pocket PC 2000
[77]
Merlin
—
Pocket PC 2002
[77]
Ozone
—
Windows Mobile 2003
[77]
Magneto
—
Windows Mobile 5
[77]
Crossbow
—
Windows Mobile 6
[77]
6 on 6
—
Windows Mobile 6.1.4
[77]
Titanium
—
Windows Mobile 6.5
[77]
Maldives
Windows Mobile 7
Windows Phone 7
[77]
Windows Phone
Others
OS components
Codename
Preliminary name
Final name
Notes
Ref
Anaheim
—
Microsoft Edge
A rewrite of Microsoft's web browser, based on the Chromium project.
[90]
Barcelona
—
Windows Defender Application Guard
A security feature for running the Microsoft Edge web browser inside a virtual machine, thus isolating it from the rest of the system in the event that it was hacked.
[91]
Beihai
Paint 3D
3D version of Microsoft Paint
[92]
Code Integrity Rooting
Secure Startup
BitLocker
A security feature that checks and validates the integrity of Windows boot and system components.
[93] [94]
Continuum
Tablet Mode
Continuum
A Windows 10 feature that enables hybrid devices to switch between tablet mode and desktop mode. An immediately manifest effect is the Start screen getting maximized in tablet mode.
[95]
Cornerstone
Secure Startup
BitLocker
Full disk encryption feature introduced in Windows Vista and present in subsequent versions that utilizes the Trusted Platform Module to perform integrity checking prior to operating system startup.
[93] [96]
Assistant
—
Cortana
An intelligent personal assistant included with Windows 10 , named after an artificial intelligence character in Halo
[97]
Cougar
—
VMM32
32-bit kernel
[7] [98] [99]
Darwin
Microsoft Installer
Windows Installer
A Windows service and application programming interface for installing software on computers running Microsoft Windows operating systems
[100]
Frosting
—
Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95
[101]
Hydra
—
Terminal Services , Windows Terminal Server
Terminal Server adds "multiheading" support to Windows (the ability to run multiple instances of the graphics subsystem), and the hydra is a mythological monster with multiple heads .
[102]
Jaguar
—
—
16-bit DOS kernel for Windows 95 based on MS-DOS 5.0 , used by Windows 95 boot loader and compatibility layer.
[7] [98] [99]
Jupiter
—
WinRT XAML
A new application framework on Windows 8 used to create cross-platform "immersive" apps .
[103]
Monad
MSH, Microsoft Shell
Windows PowerShell
"Monads", according to philosopher Gottfried Leibniz 's monadology , are the ultimate elements of the universe, individual percipient beings, and MSH is similarly composed of small, individual modules the user puts in interrelation.
[104]
Morro
—
Microsoft Security Essentials
MSE was codenamed after the Morro de São Paulo beach in Brazil .
[105] [106]
Neon
—
Fluent Design
Microsoft Fluent Design System is a revamp of the Windows UI based around five key components: Light, Depth, Motion, Material, and Scale.
[107]
O'Hare
—
Internet Explorer 1
Internet Explorer 1, first shipped in Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95: The codename O'Hare ties into the Chicago codename for Windows 95: O'Hare International Airport is the largest airport in the city of Chicago, Illinois — in Microsoft's words, "a point of departure to distant places from Chicago".
[108]
Panther
—
—
Cancelled. Panther was a 32-bit kernel based on Windows NT kernel.
[98] [99]
Pinball
—
High Performance File System (HPFS)
"Pinball" is the nickname (as opposed to a codename) for HPFS because HPFS driver in Windows NT 3.5 is called PINBALL.SYS.
[109] [110] [111]
Piton
—
ReadyDrive
Feature introduced in Windows Vista to support hybrid drives
[112] [113]
Protogon
—
ReFS
The successor of NTFS
[114]
Rincon
—
Internet Explorer 7
Rincon is a surfing beach in Puerto Rico
[115]
Spartan
—
Microsoft Edge
Web browser first introduced in Windows 10 , which uses EdgeHTML rendering engine. Refers to Spartans in Halo .
[116]
Stimpy
—
Windows Shell
Applies to Windows 95 only.
[98] [99]
Viridian
—
Hyper-V
Virtualization update for Windows Server 2008
[117]
WinFS
—
—
A cancelled data storage and management system project based on relational databases , first demonstrated in 2003 as an advanced storage subsystem for the Microsoft Windows , designed for persistence and management of structured , semi-structured as well as unstructured data .
[118] [119]
Cascadia
—
Windows Terminal
A terminal emulator for Windows 10.
[120]
SQL Server family
Codename
Final name
Notes
Ref
SQLNT
SQL Server 4.21
SQL95
SQL Server 6.0
Hydra
SQL Server 6.5
Sphinx
SQL Server 7.0
[121]
Plato
OLAP Services 7.0
"OLAP Services" was later renamed Microsoft Analysis Services
[122]
Shiloh
SQL Server 2000
Version 8
Rosetta
Reporting Services in SQL Server 2000
Yukon
SQL Server 2005
Version 9
[123]
[124]
Picasso
Analysis Services in SQL Server 2005
Katmai
SQL Server 2008
Version 10
[125]
[126]
Kilimanjaro
SQL Server 2008 R2
Version 10.5
[127]
Blue
SQL Server 2008 Report Designer 2.0
This is the standalone release of the tool for Reporting Services . It must not be confused with Report Builder 2.0.
[128]
[129]
[130]
Denali
SQL Server 2012
Version 11
[131]
[132]
[133]
Juneau
SQL Server Data Tools
Was included in SQL Server 2012, later released as a standalone downloadable application
[134]
Crescent
Power View
A data visualisation tool that originally shipped as part of SQL Server 2012, later an add-in for Microsoft Excel
[135]
SQL14
SQL Server 2014
Version 12
[136]
Hekaton
SQL Server In-Memory OLTP
In-memory database engine built into SQL Server 2014
[137]
SQL16
SQL Server 2016
Version 13
[138]
Helsinki
SQL Server 2017
Version 14
[139]
[140]
Seattle
SQL Server 2019
Version 15
[141]
Aris
SQL Server Big Data Clusters
Announced at Microsoft Ignite 2018 event on September 24–28. Retirement announced for Feb-28 2025
[142]
Dallas
SQL Server 2022
Version 16. Public preview available for download. Announced at Microsoft Build 2022 event on May 24
[143]
Others
Developers tools
Codename
Preliminary name
Final name
Notes
Ref
Thunder
Visual Basic 1.0
The first version of Visual Basic . The standard dialogs and controls created by the Visual Basic runtime library all have "Thunder" as a prefix of their internal type names (for example, buttons are internally known as ThunderCommandButton).
[151]
Escher
Microsoft Visual Basic for MS-DOS
Dolphin
Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0
Zamboni
Microsoft Visual C++ 4.1
After Zamboni , an ice resurfacing machine.
[151]
Boston
Microsoft Visual Studio 97
Named for Boston, Massachusetts
[152]
Aspen
Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0
Named after the popular ski destination Aspen, Colorado
[153]
Cassini Web Server
ASP.NET Development Server
The lightweight local Web server that is launched in Visual Studio in order to test Web projects
[154]
Hatteras
Visual Studio Team System's Source Control System
—
Named after the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in the Outer Banks region of North Carolina
[155]
Ocracoke
Visual Studio Team System load testing suite
—
Named after the Ocracoke Island Lighthouse on Ocracoke Island , also in North Carolina
[155]
Currituck
Team Foundation Work Item Tracking
—
Named after the Currituck Beach Lighthouse in Corolla, North Carolina
[155]
Bodie
Team Foundation Server SDK
—
Named after the Bodie Island Lighthouse in North Carolina
[155]
Tuscany
Online version of Visual Studio.
Currently a research project
[156]
Phoenix
—
A Microsoft research software development kit
[157]
Eaglestone
Visual Studio Team Explorer Everywhere
This is the name given to the Teamprise suite Microsoft acquired. The product is now named Visual Studio Team Explorer Everywhere
[158] [159]
KittyHawk
Visual Studio LightSwitch
RAD tool aimed at non-programmers
[160] [161]
Rainier
Visual Studio .NET (2002)
Named for Mount Rainier , a volcanic mountain peak visible from the Seattle area (where Microsoft is based)
[162]
Everett
Visual Studio .NET 2003
Named after the town Everett, Washington , in Washington state
[162] [163] [164]
Whidbey[164]
Visual Studio 2005
Named after Whidbey Island in the Puget Sound[162] [163]
Orcas
Visual Studio 2008
Named after Orcas Island in the Puget Sound
[162] [163] [164]
Camano
Microsoft Test and Lab Manager
Microsoft Test Manager, a part of Visual Studio 2010 Test Professional , Premium and Ultimate editions
Named after Camano Island in the Puget Sound
[165] [166] [167]
Rosario
Visual Studio Ultimate 2010 (formerly Team System or Team Suite)
[168]
Cider
—
Visual Studio designer for building Windows Presentation Foundation applications, meant to be used by application developers
[169]
Monaco
Monaco Editor
In-browser IDE for Visual Studio. Monaco powers Visual Studio Code .
[170] [171]
.NET Framework family
Languages
Others
Gaming hardware
Codename
Final name
Notes
Ref
DirectX Box
Xbox
[192]
Natal
Kinect
Motion sensitive control system.
[193] [194]
Xenon
Xbox 360
Successor to the original Xbox.
[195]
Durango
Xbox One
Successor to Xbox 360.
[196]
Edmonton
Xbox One S
Xbox One with 4K and HEVC Support.
[197]
Scorpio
Xbox One X
Upgrade to Xbox One, announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2016. Announced to have 6 TFLOPS GPU and 8-core CPU.
[198]
Scarlett
Xbox Series X|S
Project name for a family of next-gen consoles. Xbox Anaconda and Xbox Lockhart are both part of Project Scarlet. Announced by Microsoft at E3 2018 .
[199]
Anaconda
Xbox Series X
Successor to Xbox One . Higher end model. Announced by Microsoft at The Game Awards 2019 . Later called "Starkville"[200]
[201] Xbox Series X|S
Lockhart
Xbox Series S
Potential lower end model for a cheaper price. Was announced by Microsoft in September 2020. Would be successor to Xbox One S . Later called "Edith".[200]
[201]
Ellewood
Rumored new Xbox Series S console refresh planned for launch at the end of August, 2024.
[200]
Brooklin
Rumored new Xbox Series X console refresh planned for launch at the end of October 2024.
[200]
Edinburgh
Originally spotted by software developer bllyhlbrt on Twitter, a new codename, Xbox Edinburgh, can be seen within the Xbox One's operating system, underneath Lockhart and Anaconda.
[202]
Codename
Preliminary name
Final name
Notes
Ref
Albany
Microsoft Equipt
Microsoft's all-in-one, subscription-based service for office, communication, and security software
[203]
Bandit
Schedule+ 1.0
Microsoft's first Personal Information Manager
Barney
Money 1.0
Microsoft's personal finance software (Flintstones theme)
Betty
Money 2.0
Budapest
Microsoft Office Communicator Web Access 2005
Bullet
Microsoft Mail 3.0
Microsoft's first LAN -based email product written in-house
Cirrus
Microsoft Access 1.0
CRM V1.0, Tsunami
Microsoft CRM 1.0
The platform was initially codenamed Tsunami, but once the decision was made to make it an actual product it was just changed to the initials as the initials were enough of a codename.
[204]
Danube Phase I
Microsoft CRM 1.2
[204]
Danube Phase II
Microsoft CRM 3
[204]
Dino
Microsoft Money 3.0
Kilimanjaro
Titan
Microsoft CRM 4
Was originally Kilimanjaro but changed to Titan, as Kilimanjaro was too difficult to spell
[204]
Deco
Microsoft PhotoDraw
Greenwich
Real-Time Communications Server 2003
Microsoft Office Live Communications Server 2003
Istanbul
Microsoft Office Communicator 2005
Maestro
Microsoft Office Business Scorecard Manager 2005
Opus
Word for Windows v1.0 for Windows 2.x
Oslo
Microsoft BizTalk Server SOA, SQL Server Modeling CTP
—
Set of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) technologies
[205] [206] [207]
Ren, Stimpy
Wren
Microsoft Outlook
"Stimpy" was merged into "Ren", which later became "Wren". "Ren" and "Stimpy" are references to Ren and Stimpy , characters of an American animated television series. "Wren", a homophone of "Ren", is a reference to Christopher Wren , the architect of St Paul's Cathedral .
[208]
Rigel
Skype Room Systems
A meeting room system designed to interface with Skype
[209]
Tahiti
Microsoft SharedView
—
A screen sharing tool which allows users to take over sessions and interact with remote desktops. No audio or conference facilities.
[210] [211]
Tahoe
SharePoint Portal Server 2001
Utopia
Microsoft Bob
Intended to be a user-friendly GUI
[212]
Other codenames
Codename
Preliminary name
Final name
Notes
Ref
Acropolis
—
Application framework for Smart Clients
Aero Diamond
—
Used during the development of Windows Vista to describe a set of advanced user interface effects for the Desktop Window Manager to be introduced after Vista's release
[213]
Alexandria
Zune Marketplace
An online music store
Argo
Zune
A digital media player
Atlanta
—
A cloud service that monitors Microsoft SQL Server deployments
[214]
Baraboo
Microsoft HoloLens
[215]
Blackbird
—
An online content-authoring platform centered around the concept of distributed Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) and meant to be an alternative to HTML. The developer tools were originally released in beta and some titles were made available on MSDN before it was scrapped in favor of web development around ASP and ActiveX and the designer was refashioned into Visual InterDev .
Concur
—
Aims to: define higher-level abstractions (above "threads and locks"); for today's imperative languages; that evenly support the range of concurrency granularities; to let developers write correct and efficient concurrent applications; with much latent parallelism; that can be efficiently mapped to the user's.
Dallas
—
Aims to help discover, purchase and manage, premium data subscriptions in the Windows Azure platform
[216]
Dorado
Zune PC Client
Eldorado
MVP Reconnect
Program to recognize alumni of Microsoft's Most Valuable Professional award program when they left the program in good standing or were not re-awarded.
[217]
HailStorm
.NET My Services
Collection of web services centered around the storage and retrieval of information. Cancelled before it could fully materialize.
[218] [219]
Honolulu
Windows Admin Center
Ibiza
Azure Portal
Website for managing cloud resources
[220]
Kratos
PowerApps
Software for building and sharing native, mobile, and Web apps
[221]
Kumo
Bing
Microsoft's set of features improving Live Search search engine
Marvel
The Microsoft Network
The classic version of MSN, originally as a proprietary, "walled garden" online service
Media2Go
Windows Mobile software for Portable Media Centers
Platform built on Windows Mobile found on portable media players
[222] [223]
Metro
XML Paper Specification (XPS)
Named after Metro by T-Mobile , a wireless prepaid service in the United States.[citation needed ]
Milan
Surface
Microsoft PixelSense
Table-top style computer with multi-touch touchscreen interface
Mira
—
Windows CE .NET-based technology for smart displays
[224] [225]
Monaco
—
Music-making program similar to Apple GarageBand application
[226]
Origami
Ultra-Mobile PC
Palladium
Trusted Windows
—
Effort to develop a small, very secure operating environment within Windows, including curtained memory, trusted input, and graphics. Project renamed to Next-Generation Secure Computing Base , and was never fully implemented.
[227] [228]
Softsled
—
Software based Windows Media Center Extender [clarification needed Is it "software-based" or "software based on"? ]
Springfield
Microsoft Popfly
—
Website in Alpha testing stage providing mashup and webpages creation tools, with publishing as Rich Internet Application option
[229]
Wolverine
TCP/IP stack for Windows for Workgroups 3.11
Named after the Wolverine , a character from Marvel Comics .
[230]
References
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^ Comes v Microsoft. Transcript of Proceedings, Volume XXXIV Archived 2021-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
^ Comes v Microsoft. Deposition of Andrew Schulman, Volume 2
^ Johnston, Stuart (May 18, 1992). "Windows to boost data sharing" . InfoWorld . 14 (20): 39.
^ Wylie, Margie (April 27, 1992). "Early users detail features of Windows pack" . Network World . 9 (17): 2.
^ Paul, Frederic (July 19, 1993). "Reworking Windows for Workgroups" . Network World . 10 (29): 4.
^ a b c Greenberg, Ilan (January 9, 1995). "Delay of Windows 95 spells relief for many developers" . InfoWorld . 17 (2): 30.
^ "Chicago Feature Specification" (PDF) . 1992-09-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2010-03-02 .
^ Soper, Mark Edward (October 14, 2008). "Microsoft Unveils the Official Name for "Windows 7" " . Maximum PC . Future US. Archived from the original on 2015-04-19. Retrieved 2009-05-23 .
^ Comes v. Microsoft. Plaintiff's Exhibit 3208 Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine : "Desktop Operating Systems Mission Memo". Microsoft Confidential.
^ Comes v. Microsoft. Plaintiff's Exhibit 5735 Archived 2008-09-08 at the Wayback Machine . Microsoft Confidential (October 25, 1995).
^ Thurrott, Paul (6 June 1997). "Memphis: Windows 98?" . Windows IT Pro . Penton Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2010 .
^ United States v. Microsoft Corporation. Government Exhibit 202 Archived 2022-01-26 at the Wayback Machine : "C. Wildfeuer message re 'Memphis IE 4 focus groups report'"
^ Miles, Stephanie (February 3, 2000). "Microsoft names new consumer OS: Windows Me" . CNET.com . Archived from the original on June 17, 2011. Retrieved December 18, 2010 .
^ "How well do you know your Microsoft acronyms?" . June 22, 2004. Archived from the original on 2014-04-04. Retrieved 2015-07-21 .
^ Chen, Raymond (24 December 2018). "Random internal Windows terminology: IDW, Razzle, and their forgotten partners IDS and Dazzle" . The Old New Thing . Microsoft . Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2020 .
^ Johnston, Stuart J. (18 February 1991). " 'Advanced Windows' May Resolve OS/2 Dilemma" . InfoWorld . Vol. 13, no. 7. p. 5. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021 .
^ Johnson, Stuart J. (8 July 1991). "Microsoft drops OS/2 2.0 API, revamps 32-bit Windows plans" . InfoWorld . Vol. 13, no. 27. pp. 1, 103. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2021 .
^ Russinovich, Mark ; Solomon, David A. (2005). Microsoft Windows Internals (4th ed.). Microsoft Press. p. xx. ISBN 0-7356-1917-4 . The first release of Windows NT was larger and slower than expected, so the next major push was a project called Daytona, named after the speedway in Florida. The main goals for this release were to reduce the size of the system, increase the speed of the system, and, of course, to make it more reliable.
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External links
This page was last edited on 12 April 2024, at 13:24