The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." In 1968, a sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established.
Hungarians have won 15 Nobel Prizes since 1905. 8 were born in Budapest.Following is a complete list of the Nobel laureates of Hungary, as recognised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.[1][2] However, if persons born as Hungarian citizens are included, then the number rises to 22 in the scientific field.[3]
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All Nobel laureates in Physics in History
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All Nobel Prize Winners in Physics 1901 - 2023
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Announcement of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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All Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry 1901 - 2023
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All Nobel Prize Winners in Literature 1901 - 2023
Transcription
Laureates
Hungarians have received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economics – in all fields except Peace.
Year | Winner | Field | Contribution |
---|---|---|---|
1905 | Philipp Lenard | Physics | "for his work on cathode rays" |
1914 | Robert Bárány | Physiology or Medicine | "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" |
1925 | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | Chemistry | "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry" |
1937 | Albert Szent-Györgyi | Physiology or Medicine | "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to Vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid" |
1943 | George de Hevesy | Chemistry | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" |
1961 | Georg von Békésy | Physiology or Medicine | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea" |
1963 | Eugene Wigner | Physics | "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" |
1971 | Dennis Gabor | Physics | "for his invention and development of the holographic method" |
1986 | John Polanyi | Chemistry | "for his contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" |
1994 | George Andrew Olah | Chemistry | "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" |
1994 | John Harsanyi | Economics | "for pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games" |
2002 | Imre Kertész | Literature | "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history" |
2004 | Avram Hershko (Hungarian spelling: Herskó) |
Chemistry | |
2023 | Katalin Karikó | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"[4] |
2023 | Ferenc Krausz | Physics | "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter"[5] |
Also sometimes included
Born in the Kingdom of Hungary
- Leopold Ružička (Chemistry 1939) born in Vukovár, Syrmia County, in the Kingdom of Hungary, mostly (5⁄8) ethnic Croat[6]
- Ivo Andrić, born in Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, ethnic Serb[citation needed]
- Vladimir Prelog (Chemistry 1975) born in Sarajevo, Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, (mostly) ca 10/18 ethnic Croat[7][8][9][citation needed]
Born abroad
- Elie Wiesel (Peace 1986), Hungarian-Jewish, born in Sighet, former Máramaros County, (until 1920 Hungary), Kingdom of Romania[6][10][11][12][13]
- Alfred Hermann Fried (Peace 1911) Austrian, parents Hungarian-Jewish, father[14] from Szigetvár, Baranya County, mother[15] from Budapest.
- Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (Medicine 1976), US-born, parents from the Kingdom of Hungary, father ethnic Slovak from Büdöskő, Nyitra County, mother ethnic Hungarian from Debrecen[6][11][12][13]
- Milton Friedman (Economics 1976), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish, parents from Beregszász, Bereg County, Kingdom of Hungary[6][10][11][12]
- Hugh David Politzer (Physics 2004), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish; father (Aladár) from Nádszeg, Pozsony County (until 1920 Hungary), Kingdom of Hungary.[16] His mother was also Hungarian-Jewish.[17][better source needed][18]
Unsuccessful nominees
Year(s) | Nominee | Field | Nominated by |
---|---|---|---|
1911, 1914, 1917 | Loránd Eötvös[19] | Physics | Izidor FröhlichRadó von Kövesligethy, Jenő Klupathy , Philipp Lenard | ,
1901 | Vilmos Schulek[20] | Physiology or Medicine | Lajos Thanhoffer | , Antal Genersich
1901 | Endre Hőgyes[21] | Physiology or Medicine | Frigyes Korányi, Antal Genersich |
1901 | Josef von Fodor[22] | Physiology or Medicine | Endre Hőgyes | , Antal Genersich
1901, 1931, 1937 | Sándor Korányi[23] | Physiology or Medicine | Ottó PertikLouis Nékám, Emil Grósz , Zoltán Vámossy , József Frigyesi , István Tóth , Géza Illyés , László Kétly , Tibor Verebélÿ , Philipp Schwartz, Lajos Ádám | , Pál Hári ,
1904 | István Apáthy[24] | Physiology or Medicine | Willem Rommelaere |
1928, 1940 | Géza Mansfeld[25] | Physiology or Medicine | László RhorerIstván Rusznyák | ,
1943 | Ladislas J. Meduna[26] | Physiology or Medicine | Jakob Klaesi |
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 | Hans Selye[27] | Physiology or Medicine | ... |
1950 | Miklós Jancsó[28] | Physiology or Medicine | József Frigyesi | , Béla Issekutz , Sándor Mozsonyi
1901, 1902 | Ferenc Kemény[29] | Literature | Imre Pauer | , Gusztáv Heinrich
1925, 1926, 1927 | Ferenc Herczeg[30] | Literature | Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences |
1935 | Dezső Szabó[31] | Literature | Björn Collinder |
1936, 1937 | Cécile Tormay[32] | Literature | János HankissFredrik Böök | , Károly Pap , János Horváth , Jenő Pintér ,
1965, 1966 | Gyula Illyés[33] | Literature | John Lotz |
1965-1970 | George Popják[34] | Chemistry | |
1967 | György Lukács[35] | Literature | Erik Lindegren |
1969, 1970 | László Mécs[36] | Literature | Watson Kirkconnell |
1970, 1971 | Sándor Weöres[37] | Literature | Áron Kibédi Varga |
1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932 | Albert Apponyi[38] | Peace | 19 Professors of Law, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged, Members of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Debrecen (József Tisza ), The Hungarian Inter-Parliamentary Group (Albert Berzeviczy), The professors at the Faculty of Law at the Elisabeth University of Pécs, 3 professors at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Professors at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged |
One parent Hungarian-born
- George Stigler, (Economics 1982), US-born, hungarian mother from the Kingdom of Hungary[39][better source needed]
- Douglas Osheroff (Physics 1996), US-born, Mother's parents from upper Hungary (now Slovakia) and her father father (Ondo) was a Lutheran priest born in Felvidék, (until 1920 in the Kingdom of Hungary)
- Louise Glück (Literature 2020), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish father (grandparents from Érmihályfalva, Bihar County , Partium, Transsylvania, Kingdom of Hungary)[11]
- Robert F. Furchgott, (Medicine 1998), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish father; grandfather from Sarlóska, Nyitra county, Kingdom of Hungary,[40][better source needed] grandmother[41] from Nyitra (now Nitra), Kingdom of Hungary[42][better source needed]
See also
- Friedrich Hayek, (economy 1974) Austrian, grandfather from Arad, Kingdom of Hungary[43]
- Christian Zembsch was born 1707 in Eger, Kingdom of Hungary.
- Erwin Schrödinger, (physics 1933) Austrian, grandfather from Mosonmagyaróvár, Kingdom of Hungary[44][45]
- Elfride Jelinek, (literature 2004), Austrian, grandmother Olga-Ilona Buchner born 1882 in Stájerlakanina in Krassó-Szörény County[46] Kingdom of Hungary
- Herta Müller, (literature 2009) ethnic German, born 1953 in Niczkyfalva in former Temes County (until 1920 in Hungary) , Mother Gion (french family name) born 1928,[47] grandparents (most probably) born in the Kingdom of Hungary[citation needed]
- Stefan Hell, (chemistry 2014) ethnic German born in Arad in former Arad County (until 1920 in Hungary), grandparents born in the Kingdom of Hungary[citation needed]
- Carl Ferdinand Cori Austrian, Hungarian ancestry on mother's side: Grandfather: Lippich[48](whose mother was daughter to Kastenholz Honorius Vilmos[49][circular reference][50] and Terézia Zsitkovszky) 13 June 1799 in Igló, Szepes county[51]
- David Gross, (physics 2004), US-born, father had ancestry from Hungary/Czechoslovakia[52]
- Patrick Modiano, (literature 2014), French, grandmother on mother's side was Hungarian-Jewish: Cecile Burdej[53] from Budapest
- Karl von Frisch, (medicine 1973), Austrian, 1/8 Hungarian-Jewish[54]
Place of Birth
8.Budapest 4. New York 3.Vienna ==Religion at birth==[citation needed]
Catholic | Protestant[clarification needed] | Jewish | Lutheran | Reformed |
---|---|---|---|---|
(father converted from ref. to r.c)
|
Gajdusek (hungarian mother reformed)
|
#Bárány #Fried #Friedman #Wiesel #Furchgott #Politzer #Kertész#Herskó #Glück |
"*"=
References
- ^ "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ See list below by Laszlo Vazulvonal of Stockholm
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute. 2 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 3 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d Földesi, Katalin (11 December 2018). "Magyar Nobel-díjasok – III. rész" [Hungarian Nobel laureates – part III]. Tudománypláza (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ https://www.geni.com/people/Eugenija-Prelog/6000000197654403837
- ^ https://www.geni.com/people/Marija-Ana-Prelog/6000000013304031628
- ^ Father 1/2-croat:(Prelog) & 1/2-german:(Riemer). Mother: 2/8-italian (Cettolo) 5/8-croat (Kovacic, Korac), 1/8 german(Mahne)
- ^ a b Beck, Mihály. "A Nobel-díj és a magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Nobel Prize and Hungarian Nobel laureates] (PDF). Budapest Főváros XV. Kerület Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota Önkormányzata (in Hungarian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Hány magyar Nobel-díjasunk van?" [How many Hungarian Nobel laureates do we have?]. 24.hu (in Hungarian). 7 October 2021. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ^ a b c "Magyar Nobel-díjasok" [Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Nemzeti Tudósképző Akadémia (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ^ a b Beck, Mihály (December 2001). "A magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Magyar Tudomány (in Hungarian). 46 (12). Budapest: Akaprint: 1444–1452. ISSN 0025-0325. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ https://www.geni.com/people/Samuel-Fried/6000000010469587956
- ^ https://www.geni.com/people/Bertha-Fried/6000000010469540049
- ^ Rechcigl Jr., Miloslav (28 September 2021). "Surgeons". American Men and Women in Medicine, Applied Sciences and Engineering with Roots in Czechoslovakia. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 470. ISBN 978-1-6655-1497-2. LCCN 2021901850. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Manyi, Józsi, Terka etc are hungarian names
- ^ "Loránd Eötvös". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "V von Schulek". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Andreas Högyes". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Josef von Fodor". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Alexander von Korányi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Stephan Apáthy". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
- ^ "Geza Mansfeld". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Ladislas de Meduna". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Hans Selye". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ "Miklos Jancsó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Franz Kemény". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Franz (Ferenc) Herczeg". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Dezsö Szabó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Cecile Tormay". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Gyula Illyés". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Nomination%20archive%20-%20%20%20". NobelPrize.org. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
- ^ "Georg Lukács". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "László Mécs". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Sándor Weöres". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Count Albert Apponyi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "George J. Stigler". The Nobel Prize. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ "Max Furchgott". Geni. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Bertha Furchgott". Geni. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Juraschek Franz von". In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Vol. 3, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1965, p. 154.
- ^ "Bauer Alexander". In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Vol. 1, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1957, p. 54.
- ^ Kurt Haidinger (1953), "Bauer, Alexander Emil Anton", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 636; (full text online)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ https://www.geni.com/people/Katharina-M%C3%BCller/6000000014783485757
- ^ "dr.med. Franz Wilhelm Lippich". geni_family_tree. 13 June 1799. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ "Kastenholz Honorius Vilmos". Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Kastenholz János András, | Magyar írók élete és munkái – Szinnyei József | Kézikönyvtár". Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Wilhelmine Lippich". geni_family_tree. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004". NobelPrize.omrg. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ "Patrick Modiano, True Detective". The New Yorker. 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ https://www.geni.com/people/Josef-Ofenheimer/6000000014137703910
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