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List of Category 5 Australian region severe tropical cyclones

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cyclone Marcus at peak intensity on 21 March 2018, over the Indian Ocean to the west of Australia.

Category 5 severe tropical cyclones are tropical cyclones that reach Category 5 intensity on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale within the Australian region. They are by definition the strongest tropical cyclones that can form on Earth. A total of 48 recorded tropical cyclones have peaked at Category 5 strength in the Australian region, which is denoted as the part of the Southern Hemisphere between 90°E and 160°E. The earliest tropical cyclone to be classified as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone was Pam which was classified as a Category 5 between February 3 – 5, 1974, as it moved through the Coral Sea. The latest system to be classified as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone was Ilsa, which was classified on 13 April 2023 off the coast of Western Australia.

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Transcription

Background

The Australian region tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between 90°E and 160°E and is officially monitored by the Indonesian Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG), Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the Papua New Guinea National Weather Service.[1] Other meteorological services such as New Zealand's MetService, Météo-France as well as the Fiji Meteorological Service and the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center monitor the basin.[1] Within the basin a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds over 107 knots (198 km/h; 123 mph) or greater on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1][2] A named storm could also be classified as a Category 5 tropical cyclone if it is estimated, to have 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds over 137 knots (254 km/h; 158 mph) on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1][3] Within the basin this scale is not officially used, however, systems are commonly compared to the SSHWS using 1-minute sustained wind speeds from the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[1][4][5] On both scales, a Category 5 tropical cyclone is expected to cause widespread devastation, if it significantly impacts land at or near its peak intensity.[2][3]

20th century

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Trixie 15–22 February 1975 205 km/h (125 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Western Australia $3.71 million None [6][7]
Beverley 27–28 March 1975 205 km/h (125 mph) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Western Australia >$1 million [8][9]
Joan 5–7 December 1975 215 km/h (130 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Western Australia $25 million None [10][11]
Alby 27 March – 5 April 1978 205 km/h (125 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Western Australia 10 million 5 [12][13][14]
Amy 9–10 January 1980 215 km/h (130 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Indonesia, Western Australia [15]
Dean 31 January–1 February 1980 205 km/h (125 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Indonesia, Northern Australia [16]
Enid 17 February 1980 205 km/h (125 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Western Australia [17]
Carol 16–17 December 1980 205 km/h (125 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Indonesia [18]
Mabel 18–19 January 1981 205 km/h (125 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Western Australia [19]
Dominic 7 April 1982 215 km/h (130 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Northern Australia, New Guinea [20]
Elinor 25 February 1983 205 km/h (125 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Queensland Minor [21][22]
Kathy 16–24 March 1984 220 km/h (140 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Cape York Peninsula, Northern Territory $12 million 1 [23][24]
Harry February 8–19, 1989 205 km/h (125 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Vanuatu, New Caledonia [25]
Aivu 31 March – 5 April 1989 205 km/h (125 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Queensland $90 million 1 [26][27]
Orson 17–24 April 1989 240 km/h (150 mph) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Western Australia $16 million 5 [28][29]
Alex 19–20 March 1990 220 km/h (140 mph) 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) Indonesia, Christmas Island [30]
Graham 5–6 December 1991 205 km/h (125 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Sumatra, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island [31]
Neville 9 April 1992 205 km/h (125 mph) 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) Northern Territory [32][33]
Rewa 26 December 1993 - 23 January 1994 205 km/h (125 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
Queensland, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu		 Unknown 22 [34]
Theodore 25 February 1994 215 km/h (130 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu, New Caledonia
Norfolk Island, New Zealand		 [35]
Chloe 7 April 1995 220 km/h (140 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Timor, Western Australia None None [36][37]
Pancho-
Helinda		 21–22 January 1997 215 km/h (130 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Sumatra, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Madagascar [38]
Thelma 3–15 December 1998 220 km/h (140 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia N/A 1 [39]
Frederic–
Evrina		 31 March 1999 205 km/h (125 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) None None None [40][41]
Vance 16–23 March 1999 220 km/h (140 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia $303 million None [42]
Gwenda 6 April 1999 220 km/h (140 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Timor, Indonesia, Western Australia [43]
John 14 December 1999 205 km/h (125 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Timor, Indonesia, Western Australia 196 million None [44][14]

21st century

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Paul 10 – 21 April 2000 205 km/h (125 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) None None None [45][46]
Rosita 14 – 21 April 2000 220 km/h (140 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Indonesia, Western Australia, Northern Territory Unknown Unknown [47][48]
Sam 28 November – 14 December 2000 205 km/h (125 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia Unknown Unknown [49][50]
Chris 2 – 7 February 2002 205 km/h (125 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Western Australia Unknown Unknown [51][52]
Inigo 30 March – 8 April 2003 230 km/h (145 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Eastern Indonesia, Timor, Western Australia Unknown Unknown [53][54]
Fay 16 – 28 March 2004 215 km/h (130 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Northern Territory, Timor, Western Australia Unknown Unknown [55][56]
Ingrid 4 – 16 March 2005 230 km/h (145 mph) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) New Guinea, Northern Australia Unknown Unknown [57][58]
Glenda 28–29 March 2006 205 km/h (125 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia Unknown Unknown [59][60]
Monica 16 - 27 April 2006 250 km/h (155 mph) 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) New Guinea, Northern Australia Unknown Unknown [61]
George 27 February - 12 March 2007 205 km/h (125 mph) 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia Unknown Unknown [62]
Hamish 5 - 12 March 2009 215 km/h (130 mph) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) Queensland Unknown Unknown [63]
Laurence 8 – 23 December 2009 205 km/h (125 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia Unknown Unknown [64]
Yasi 31 January – 3 February 2011 205 km/h (125 mph) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Australia $2.5 billion 1 [65][14]
Gillian 6 – 27 March 2014 220 km/h (140 mph) 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) New Guinea, Indonesia, Queensland
Northern Territory, Christmas Island		 Unknown Unknown [66][67]
Ita 5 – 15 April 2014 220 km/h (140 mph) 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Queensland Unknown Unknown [68]
Marcia 15 – 21 February 2015 205 km/h (125 mph) 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) Queensland, New South Wales Unknown Unknown [69]
Ernie 4 – 12 April 2017 220 km/h (140 mph) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) None None None [70]
Marcus 14 – 25 March 2018 250 km/h (155 mph) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia Unknown None [71]
Veronica 18 – 28 March 2019 215 km/h (130 mph) 928 hPa (27.40 inHg) Western Australia [72]
Niran 27 February – 6 March 2021 205 km/h (125 mph) 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) Queensland, New Caledonia Unknown Unknown [73]
Darian 13 – 30 December 2022 230 km/h (145 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) None None None [74]
Herman 28 March – 5 April 2023 215 km/h (130 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) None None None [75]
Ilsa 6 April – 15 April 2023 230 km/h (145 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Indonesia, East Timor, Northern Territory, Western Australia >$2.7 million 8 [76][77][78]

Other systems

In addition to the 44 tropical cyclones listed above, three other tropical cyclones are considered by the BoM to have been a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone within the Australian region.[79] These are Cyclone Mahina of 1899 and two tropical cyclones that struck Innisfail and Mackay during 1918.[79] Severe tropical cyclones Erica (2003) and Harold (2020) became Category 5 severe tropical cyclones, after they moved out of the Australian region and into the South Pacific basin.[80][citation needed] Severe Tropical Cyclones Fran (1992) and Beni (2003) were Category 5 severe tropical cyclones, before they moved into the Australian region from the South Pacific basin.[81][82] Severe Tropical Cyclone Ului weakened into a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone, as it moved across 160°E into the Australian region.[83]

The BoM estimates that Severe Tropical cyclones Viola–Claudette (1979), Jane–Irna (1992), Daryl–Agnielle (1995), Bruce (2013) and Freddy (2023) peaked as Category 5 severe tropical cyclones, after they had moved out of the Australian region and into the South-West Indian Ocean.[84][85][86]

Operationally Severe Tropical Cyclone Narelle was estimated to have peaked as a category 5 severe tropical cyclone, with 10-minute sustained winds of 205 km/h (125 mph). However, during the post-storm analysis process, it was downgraded to a Category 4 system, with 10-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph).[87]

During December 21, 2022 Severe Tropical Cyclone Darian moved into the South-West Indian Ocean as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone, where it was immediately classified as a Very Intense Tropical Cyclone.

Impacts

Category 5 severe tropical cyclones are expected to cause widespread devastation if they significantly impact land.[2][3]

See also

References

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