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Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.
The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. Since the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, has been depicted. Before 1953, the Tudor Crown, commonly known as the King's Crown, was used.
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Britain's "Unkillable" Soldier, Adrian Carton de Wiart
Japanese Sign Final Surrender | 1945 | World War 2 Newsreel
British Victory March Germany by Clive Kandel
Transcription
Lieutenant General Sir Adrian Paul Ghislain
Carton de Wiart. Not sure how well I’m pronouncing
that, but I’ll be calling him Adrian throughout
the remainder of this video. With his eye
patch and empty sleeve, just his image alone
is enough to ask questions. This guy served
as a British officer in the Boer War, the
First World War, and the Second World War,
survived two plane crashes, was shot in the
head, face, stomach, ankle, leg, hip, and
ear, tunneled out of a prisoner-of-war camp,
broke his back, and bit off his own fingers
when a doctor refused to amputate.
Born in Brussels in 1880, Adrian spent his
early years in both Belgium and England. At
the age of six, he moved to Cairo, Egypt so
his father could practice law there. Adrian
was Catholic and learned to speak Arabic.
In 1891, he attended an English boarding school
and then went on to college, but left to join
the British Army during the Boer War in South
Africa in 1899. Early in the war, Adrian was
wounded in the stomach and sent home. His
father was furious about him leaving college,
but allowed him to stay in the military. Adrian
was given a commission in the Second Imperial
Light Horse and soon saw further action in
South Africa. He was made a second lieutenant
of the 4th Dragoon Guards in 1901. In 1902,
he was transferred to British India.
In 1904, after returning to South Africa,
Adrian was made an aide-de-camp to the commander-in-chief
there. Having remained a Belgian subject during
this entire time, Adrian finally became a
naturalized British subject in 1907.
When World War I began, Adrian first served
in British Somaliland. In an attack upon an
enemy fort, he was shot twice in the face,
losing an eye and also a portion of his ear.
In 1915, he took part in fighting on the Western
Front in France, commanding three infantry
battalions and a brigade. He was wounded seven
more times during the war and lost his left
hand in 1915. He even bit off his own fingers
when a doctor declined to remove them. He
had been shot through the skull, ankle, hip,
leg, and ear. He received several promotions
in rank throughout the war, eventually attaining
the rank of major. He also received several
awards and medals for his service, including
the Victoria Cross, the highest honor for
combat in the British Empire. Even after having
been wounded so severely, Adrian later said
of his experiences, “Frankly, I had enjoyed
the war.”
After the war, Adrian went on to serve in
Poland for a few years, surviving an airplane
crash and a brief period of captivity. He
retired from the army in 1923 with the honorary
rank of major general. Adrian began to lead
a peaceful life on a large estate in eastern
Europe near the Soviet border. His retirement
was later interrupted in 1939 when he was
recalled to duty and appointed as the head
of the British Military Mission to Poland.
Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany in September
and the Soviets soon joined in the attack
from the east. Adrian’s estate was taken
during the fighting.
Adrian went on to serve in Norway and Northern
Ireland throughout 1940 when he turned 60
years old. With the Nazis preparing to invade
Yugoslavia, the Yugoslavs asked for British
aid. Adrian was sent to Serbia to negotiate
with the Yugoslavian government, traveling
in a Wellington bomber across the Mediterranean.
After refueling in Malta, the plane’s engines
failed and the aircraft crashed into the sea
about a mile from Italian-controlled Libya.
Adrian was forced to swim ashore where he
was captured by the Italians.
Adrian was made a prisoner alongside several
other officers who Rommel had captured in
North Africa in 1941. Adrian attempted to
escape several times, even tunneling for seven
months. He once escaped and evaded recapture
for eight days, disguising himself as an Italian
civilian. In August 1943, Adrian was released
from his imprisonment as the Italian government
secretly planned to leave the war and sent
him back to the British with the message.
Less than a month after returning to England,
Adrian was summoned by Prime Minister Winston
Churchill. He was given the rank of acting
lieutenant-general and sent to India to later
go on to China as Churchill’s personal representative.
Before leaving for China, Adrian attended
the 1943 Cairo Conference organized by Churchill,
U.S. President Roosevelt, and Chinese General
Chaing Kai Shek. A photograph of these leaders
gathered in Cario shows Adrian standing behind
them on the far right. Adrian spent his next
years working with Chiang Kai Shek in China
and often traveling to British India.
During his time in China, Adrian fiercely
denounced communism and called Mao Zedong
a fanatic. When he met Mao at a dinner, he
interrupted his speech to criticize him for
holding back in the fight against Japan for
domestic political reasons. Mao was stunned
for a moment and then laughed.
When the Japanese surrounded in August 1945,
Adrian flew to Singapore to take part in the
formal surrender. Near the end of his career,
Adrian met American General Douglas MacArthur
in Tokyo. He retired at the age of 67 in October
1947 with the honorary rank of lieutenant-general.
On his way home to England, Adrian stopped
in French Indochina as a guest of a military
commander. He slipped coming down some stairs
and fell, breaking his back and several vertebrae.
He eventually recovered in an English hospital.
After Adrian’s first wife died in 1949,
he remarried in 1951 at the age of 71 to a
woman 23 years younger than him. He settled
in County Cork, Ireland where he took up fishing
and hunting during his later years. Adrian
died at the age of 83 in 1963.
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Although the senior appointment in the Royal Marines, the Commandant General, has since 1996 held the lower rank of major general, prior to this date the Commandant General was a lieutenant general or full general. However, given that a few more senior positions in the British Armed Forces are open to officers from different services, Royal Marines officers can and do reach the rank of lieutenant general, being posted to Joint Forces or Ministry of Defence postings. Examples include Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Fry, Lieutenant-General Sir James Dutton and Lieutenant-General Sir David Capewell.
Royal Air Force usage
From 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919, the Royal Air Force maintained the rank of lieutenant general. It was superseded by the rank of air marshal on the following day. Although Sir David Henderson was an RAF lieutenant general, the then RAF Chief-of-Staff Sir Hugh Trenchard never held this rank. Additionally, the retired Royal Navy admiral John de Mestre Hutchison held an honorary RAF commission in the rank of lieutenant general.[1]
The RAF lieutenant general rank insignia was similar to the naval rank insignia for a vice-admiral, with a broad band of gold being worn on the cuff with two narrower bands above it. Unlike the naval insignia, the RAF lieutenant general insignia did not have an executive curl.[2]
United Kingdom
British Army
Corps of Royal Marines
This page was last edited on 18 July 2022, at 23:25