Liberalism in Greece

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This article gives an overview of liberalism in Greece. Liberal parties in Greece are largely committed to liberalism, republicanism and democracy. It is limited to liberal parties.

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So what I want to look at today is: What is the proper role of government? What should governments do, and what should they not do? Classical liberals all agree that government should be limited, but they disagree about how they get to that conclusion. And it's those differences that I really want to look at today. My goal is not to advocate one or other of these positions—I certainly have a view on those questions—but I want to approach it with some degree of intellectual humility. As I always say, I know some of the things I believe in are wrong; I just don't know which ones. So how do I discover what of my ideas are wrong? I can only doing that by articulating, presenting them as clearly as possible and listening to peoples' disagreements—where they think I'm wrong on those issues—and I get that little bit closer to the truth. And that's what I want to encourage you to do today, is to look at these different ideas, think about these different ideas, and come to you own conclusions about which of these you agree with and which of these ideas that you disagree with. And I want to approach it by looking at three different questions that anyone concerned about the role of government should care about. So the first question is: How do we decide what the role of government should be? What is the methodology or the philosophy that will determine how we decide this question? Secondly, why should government be limited? Unless you're a totalitarian, that is someone who believes that government should control every aspect of your life, then you believe that government should be limited. The question then becomes, why do you think it should be limited? Should it be limited because of the consequences of government actions, or should it be limited because people have natural rights, which government should not interfere with? And then the third question is: What is the legitimate role of government? What should governments do, and what should government not do? I'm going to ask those three questions with reference to five different schools of thought. All classical liberal, all believe that liberty is the most important political value, but disagree on these three fundamental questions.

History

Each of the following sections describes an element of Greek liberalism, beginning with the 19th century.

From Modernist Party to the Center Union

1875: The Modernist Party (Neoteristikon Komma) is formed
1910: A resurrected Liberal Party (Komma Fileleftheron) is formed under Eleftherios Venizelos
1935: Faction around Georgios Papandreou forms the Democratic Socialist Party of Greece
1936: All political parties are banned in Greece under Ioannis Metaxas' dictatorship, but a liberal movement remained present
1941: The Greek government in exile contains mostly liberal politicians
1946: Start of the Greek Civil War, lasting until 1949
1946: Liberal fraction led by Themistoklis Sophoulis continues under the Liberal Party name
1956: Liberal Party takes part in the elections of 1956 in the Liberal Democratic Union (Filelefthero Dimokratiko Kentro) coalition
1961: Liberal Party merges into the Centre Union

From Democratic Socialist Party to the Center Union

1935: A faction of the Liberal Party around Georgios Papandreou forms the Democratic Socialist Party of Greece
1936: All political parties are banned in Greece under Ioannis Metaxas' dictatorship, but a liberal movement remained present
1941: The Greek government in exile contains mostly liberal politicians
1946: Start of the Greek Civil War, lasting until 1949
1946: Liberal faction led by Georgios Papandreou is part of the National Political Union alliance
1949: National Progressive Union of the Centre (Ethniki Proodeutiki Enosis Kentrou, EPEK) is founded by Nikolaos Plastiras after the Greek Civil War and disappears in 1956. The remains of the party merged into Center Union.
1956: Liberal faction led by Georgios Papandreou is part of the Liberal Democratic Union coalition

From Center Union to Union of the Democratic Center

1961: Georgios Papandreou forms the Centre Union (Enosi Kentrou)
1965: Right-wing faction of the Center Union forms the short-lived Liberal Democratic Center
1967: Start of the Military Junta continuing until 1974
1968: Andreas Papandreou, son of Georgios Papandreou, forms the Panhellenic Liberation Movement which eventually becomes PASOK.
1974: Centre Union - New Forces (Enosi Kentrou-Nees Dynameis) is formed by George Mavros
1974: Ioannis Zigdis forms the Democratic Center Union which merges into the Union of the Democratic Centre in 1976
1976: Union of the Democratic Centre is formed as successor of the Centre Union - New Forces
1981: Nikitas Venizelos splits from Union of the Democratic Centre and revives the Liberal Party of his grandfather, which has participated in elections since.
2012: The Liberal Party vanished.

Party of New Liberals

1977: Constantine Mitsotakis forms the Party of New Liberals which merges into New Democracy in 1978

Union of Centrists

1990: Centre (Κέντρο) is founded by George G. Papandreou, son of Georgios Papandreou.
1992: Union of Centrists (Enosi Kentroon) is founded by Vassilis Leventis and by Centre.

The Liberals

1999: A short-lived libertarian party is founded by Stefanos Manos, The Liberals espousing a laissez-faire political platform, such as social liberal policies. The party was dissolved in October 2001. The party's founder cooperated with PASOK in 2004, after George Papandreou's invitation to be honorarily elected as member of the Greek parliament under PASOK's flag, and founded yet another party, "Drassi", in 2009, this time refusing to use the term "liberal" and claiming it was based upon "common sense".

Liberal Alliance

February 2007: Establishment of the Liberal Alliance, advocating economic and social liberal policies.

Liberal leaders

Liberal Party: Eleftherios Venizelos - Themistoklis Sophoulis - Sophoklis Venizelos
National Progressive Union of the Centre: Nikolaos Plastiras
Centre Union: Georgios Papandreou - George Mavros
Union of the Democratic Center: George Mavros - Ioannis Zigdis
Party of New Liberals: Constantine Mitsotakis

v t e Liberalism in Greece
Ideology	Centrism Modern Greek Enlightenment Republicanism Liberal nationalism Liberal democracy Venizelism Anti-nepotism Megali Idea Human rights Secularism Press freedom Land reform
Political Parties	Constitutional Party Modernist Party Liberal Party National Unionist Party Liberal Democratic Union National Progressive Center Union National Political Union Centre Union Centre Union – New Forces Democratic Centre Union (Greece) Union of the Democratic Centre Liberal Party (modern) Liberal Alliance (Greece) Union of Centrists The River
People	Adamantios Korais Theophilos Kairis Dionysios Solomos Alexandros Mavrokordatos Epameinondas Deligeorgis Charilaos Trikoupis Emmanuel Rhoides Ioannis Psycharis Konstantinos Raktivan Eleftherios Venizelos Pavlos Kountouriotis Nikolaos Plastiras Themistoklis Sofoulis Georgios Kafantaris Nikolaos Politis Georgios Kartalis Dimitrios Psarros Georgios Papandreou Sofoklis Venizelos Ioannis Zigdis Georgios Mavros
Historical events	Greek War of Independence First National Assembly at Epidaurus 3 September 1843 Revolution 23 October 1862 Revolution Theriso revolt Goudi coup Movement of National Defence National Schism 11 September 1922 Revolution 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt Greek Resistance Anti-Junta movement
Policies	Democratic education Free public education Modernization Progressivism

v t e Liberalism in Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard

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