Laurel-class post ship

Transcription

In the spring of 1623 Krzysztof Arciszewski together with his brothers, Eliasz and Bogusław, attacked Kacper Jaruzel Brzeźnicki, the solicitor whom they had accused of dishonestly acquiring their parents' debts. They had gathered a large number of armed men 0:00:58:170,0:01:02:120 and ambushed the lawyer as he returned from the Local Nobel Parliament. 0:01:02:190,0:01:06:160 Krzysztof gave orders for Brzezinski be bound and dragged behind a horse 0:01:06:210,0:01:10:220 to the Ponin hill, where criminals were taken for execution. 0:01:13:220,0:01:18:060 "CONQUISTADOR IN POLISH - Krzysztof Arciszewski" 0:01:19:000,00:01:23:100 Despite his vulnerable position, Brzeźnicki did not agree to relinquish 0:01:23:160,0:01:27:010 his rights to seize goods in payment for the debts. 0:01:27:020,0:01:30:210 In a flush of frustrated anger, Arciszewski shot his enemy ... 0:01:31:120,0:01:34:230 and then, so the prosecution claimed, 0:01:35:04,0:01:390 he "cut his throat, pulling the man's tongue out through the gash in his neck. 14 00:01:40:02 00:01:44:16 X:77 Y:496 Finally, he attached the tongue to the gallows using a knife." 15 00:01:45:21 00:01:52:13 X:183 Y:471 For the attack on the public highway, the murder and daylight robbery, 16 00:01:53:03 00:01:59:01 X:110 Y:496 the Tribunal sentenced Krzysztof and Eliasz to exile. 17 00:02:15:08 00:02:19:16 X:188 Y:496 My dear Father, My beloved Mama, 18 00:02:19:22 00:02:24:00 X:122 Y:496 You now must know what happened to Brzeźnicki. 19 00:02:24:03 00:02:28:22 X:157 Y:471 Was it wrong or not - it cannot be undone, so there is of no use to worry about it. 20 00:02:29:08 00:02:34:15 X:184 Y:471 I was thinking only of how to avenge the shaming of our family. 21 00:02:35:04 00:02:41:05 X:137 Y:471 You, my dearest parents, please do not forget the provocations that forced me to do it: 22 00:02:41:14 00:02:45:23 X:177 Y:471 that for twelve years in a dozen ways, he degraded our family name, 23 00:02:46:01 00:02:50:01 X:181 Y:471 humiliated us and unlawfully deprived our family of its rightful property 24 00:02:50:02 00:02:53:10 X:112 Y:496 and finally, he accused us of falsely claiming nobility 25 00:02:54:01 00:02:57:19 X:182 Y:471 - these were the reasons why he had to pay with his own throat. 26 00:02:58:03 00:03:02:03 X:207 Y:471 We in the meantime are ready to seek new fortunes over seas. 27 00:03:02:06 00:03:06:18 X:119 Y:471 Let you, my parents keep well and regard me as if I had died and no longer lived on this earth. 28 00:03:11:06 00:03:14:01 X:178 Y:496 Krzysztof Arciszewski's father, Eliasz, 29 00:03:15:00 00:03:23:09 X:94 Y:471 was a leading activist in Wielkopolska of the anti-Trinity movement, namely the Socyn Society. 30 00:03:28:13 00:03:32:16 X:86 Y:496 The trial of Arciszewski, his crime and the verdict of exile, 31 00:03:32:23 00:03:47:21 X:155 Y:471 would have blackened the reputation of his entire family and as well as the Society. 32 00:03:52:11 00:04:26:11 X:194 Y:496 A song (szanta) about Arciszewski 33 00:04:30:04 00:04:34:08 X:137 Y:471 The course of Arciszewski's life can be traced from his copious writing, 34 00:04:34:23 00:04:39:10 X:174 Y:471 particularly the letters that for 30 years he sent to Prince Krzysztof Radziwill, 35 00:04:39:15 00:04:43:05 X:113 Y:496 the protector of different religious groups in Poland. 36 00:04:43:20 00:04:52:20 X:82 Y:471 By November of 1623 Arciszewski was waiting in Gdansk for a fair wind to take him to Amsterdam. 37 00:04:54:01 00:04:58:18 X:84 Y:496 Having reached the Netherlands,he informed his protector 38 00:04:59:08 00:05:05:08 X:78 Y:496 that he was studying engineering, pyrotechnics and artillery. 39 00:05:18:09 00:05:22:12 X:129 Y:496 I have studied military tactics wherever possible 40 00:05:23:00 00:05:27:12 X:67 Y:496 and loyally served the leader of whichever army I have joined, 41 00:05:28:00 00:05:32:12 X:108 Y:496 minding only to perfect my skills in the martial craft. 42 00:05:33:00 00:05:37:12 X:53 Y:496 As a soldier of fortune, I even assisted the French Catholic army 43 00:05:38:00 00:05:41:12 X:115 Y:496 to conquer the Huguenot stronghold in La Rochelle. 44 00:06:29:02 00:06:32:14 X:114 Y:496 His bravery was recognized during the Inflanty wars 45 00:06:33:05 00:06:38:14 X:76 Y:496 and in 1629, during the Dutch expedition to the West Indies, 46 00:06:39:03 00:06:43:12 X:176 Y:471 he gained promotion and became the Commanding Officer of the Company. 47 00:06:49:11 00:06:53:12 X:188 Y:471 At the beginning of the 17th century Joost van Vondal wrote a song 48 00:06:53:20 00:06:56:11 X:113 Y:496 for the for the opening of the House of West Indies: 49 00:06:57:13 00:07:06:16 X:81 Y:471 "At every sea and on every shore For our precious profits We discover the harbours of the entire world 50 00:07:07:03 00:07:16:03 X:172 Y:446 An old good rule, a simple plan: Those men who are strong they take Those who are able will keep the boot." 51 00:09:00:00 00:09:06:11 X:124 Y:471 I am interested in the life of Arciszewski because I am a descendant of Polish immigrants. 52 00:09:07:00 00:09:13:00 X:91 Y:471 Moreover, I'm a soldier and therefore the military deeds of this outstanding man have fascinated me. 53 00:09:15:11 00:09:21:11 X:141 Y:471 Arciszewski's first successes took place here in the province of Pernambuco. 54 00:09:23:11 00:09:26:00 X:142 Y:494 Colonel Claudio Skóra-Rosty,Brasilian Army: 55 00:09:27:00 00:09:33:00 X:142 Y:471 According to military reports Waerdenbruch, the Commander- in - Chief of the Dutch army, 56 00:09:33:11 00:09:38:00 X:55 Y:471 was forced to withdraw from his attack on Recife where access to the harbour was blocked by vessels that had been sunk 57 00:09:38:11 00:09:40:11 X:158 Y:471 on the orders of Mathias de Albuquerque, the defending Portuguese leader. 58 00:09:41:00 00:09:46:00 X:46 Y:471 It was Arciszewski that suggested that the Dutch ships should sail to the neighbouring city of Olinda to disembark their soldiers. 59 00:09:46:11 00:09:50:00 X:169 Y:471 From there they could attack the capital from a less well defended quarter. 60 00:09:50:11 00:09:55:00 X:112 Y:471 The land assoult supported by artillery from the sea resulted in overwhelming victory. 61 00:11:08:11 00:11:13:00 X:28 Y:496 Arciszewski became intent on the capture of the island of Itamaraca. 62 00:11:13:02 00:11:16:11 X:43 Y:496 The island guarded a natural entrance to the port of Pernambuco, 63 00:11:17:00 00:11:19:00 X:67 Y:468 Marcos Albuquerque, Archeological Instiute of Pernambuco, Recife-Olinda: 64 00:11:19:11 00:11:23:00 X:168 Y:468 otherwise known as the port of Brazil where all vessels were obliged to come. 65 00:11:24:11 00:11:28:11 X:66 Y:494 On its shores, Arciszewski built a fort in order to repel attacks 66 00:11:29:00 00:11:34:00 X:40 Y:496 from an enemy that was trying to regain strategic parts of the coast 67 00:11:37:00 00:11:40:00 X:88 Y:496 Arciszewski was employee of the West-Indies Company. 68 00:11:40:11 00:11:45:00 X:123 Y:471 He was an excellent soldier who had a vast knowledge about artillery and fortification. 69 00:11:45:11 00:11:51:00 X:61 Y:471 He noticed that Itamaraca was ideally situated for the building of a fort that would be useful in the defense of territory 70 00:11:52:11 00:11:57:00 X:128 Y:471 that had been previously conquered for the island was surrounded by a natural moat. 71 00:11:59:11 00:12:04:00 X:179 Y:471 The West-Indies Company controlled the entire coast of Pernambuco 72 00:12:04:11 00:12:09:00 X:100 Y:496 and access to the island was easy from the open sea. 73 00:12:10:00 00:12:14:11 X:197 Y:496 The new fort was named Orange. 74 00:12:26:00 00:12:30:11 X:136 Y:496 It was Arciszewski's first independent mission. 75 00:12:31:00 00:12:36:11 X:60 Y:471 His task was to take the command of three companies of men and to defend the island. 76 00:12:44:00 00:12:50:00 X:88 Y:471 The purpose of this excavation is to find the remnants of the wooden buildings that once existed inside the fort. 77 00:12:50:11 00:12:56:00 X:122 Y:471 Next to where we are standing, we found a house from the Dutch period. 78 00:12:57:00 00:13:02:00 X:60 Y:471 Thanks to the objects that we have found here, we can imagine the everyday life of the soldiers. 79 00:13:03:00 00:13:07:11 X:180 Y:471 These pipes, for example, show us the popularity of smoking at the time. 80 00:13:08:00 00:13:12:00 X:143 Y:496 It was even recommended on health grounds. 81 00:13:13:00 00:13:17:00 X:83 Y:496 Everyday the local factory produced some 200 000 pipes. 82 00:13:18:00 00:13:22:00 X:90 Y:496 We also unearthed dishes and artifacts used for games 83 00:13:23:00 00:13:27:00 X:169 Y:496 - people were not fighting all of the time. 84 00:13:28:00 00:13:33:00 X:125 Y:496 There were also periods of peace and relaxation. 85 00:13:40:11 00:13:46:00 X:60 Y:496 After Fort Orange had been built by Arciszewski on Itamaraca, 86 00:13:46:11 00:13:54:00 X:93 Y:471 the native troups was forced to withdrew for the whole coast was then in the hands of the Dutch. 87 00:13:54:11 00:14:00:00 X:142 Y:496 The natives hid in the interior of Pernambuco 88 00:14:00:11 00:14:06:00 X:145 Y:471 where on the orders of Mathias Albuquerque they built the Arrayal de Bom Jesus fort 89 00:14:06:11 00:14:13:00 X:183 Y:496 on the banks of the river Capibaribe. 90 00:14:15:00 00:14:22:11 X:127 Y:496 From this stronghold, they launched armed raids. 91 00:14:33:00 00:14:37:00 X:72 Y:496 During the first year the Dutch did not expand their territory. 92 00:14:37:11 00:14:40:11 X:116 Y:468 Frederico Pernambucano, president of Joachim Nabucco Foundation, Recife: 93 00:14:41:00 00:14:45:00 X:176 Y:471 The second year passed and still the Portuguese colony did not give up. 94 00:14:45:11 00:14:49:11 X:185 Y:496 The third year passed - then nothing. 95 00:14:50:00 00:14:55:00 X:159 Y:471 Finally, after five years the Dutch decided to capture the main bastion 96 00:14:55:11 00:15:00:00 X:127 Y:471 of the Portuguese army and Brasilian volunteers - the fort of Arrayal de Bom Jesus. 97 00:15:00:15 00:15:05:11 X:34 Y:496 The first phase of the long Brazilian war was in a state of impasse, 98 00:15:06:00 00:15:11:00 X:176 Y:471 the invaders immobilized on the coast and the natives defending the interior. 99 00:15:13:11 00:15:17:00 X:155 Y:496 At that time, warfare was violent and cruel. 100 00:15:17:11 00:15:21:00 X:152 Y:496 Soldiers killed the enemy at close quarters. 101 00:15:21:11 00:15:25:00 X:123 Y:496 Cruelty was present not only in the fighting arena. 102 00:15:25:11 00:15:30:00 X:83 Y:496 At the beginning of the occupation, the Dutch used torture 103 00:15:30:11 00:15:35:00 X:58 Y:496 in order to gain information about where to find gold and silver. 104 00:15:36:00 00:15:40:11 X:61 Y:496 During our excavations we came across the remains of people 105 00:15:41:00 00:15:45:00 X:121 Y:496 that had suffered at the very beginning of the war. 106 00:15:45:11 00:15:49:00 X:125 Y:496 Among them, was the body of a 12-year-old child 107 00:15:49:11 00:15:52:00 X:231 Y:496 that had had its throat slit. 108 00:15:52:11 00:15:58:11 X:51 Y:496 It convinces me of the extreme brutality of both sides at the time. 109 00:16:00:00 00:16:11:00 X:46 Y:496 The Indians were employed not only as porters, but also soldiers. 110 00:16:13:00 00:16:20:15 X:146 Y:471 The Tapuya tribe, infamous for its barbarity, was particulary useful. 111 00:17:53:13 00:17:56:15 X:83 Y:496 There is a tribe of The Tapuya tribe are a nomadic people 112 00:17:57:00 00:18:00:00 X:131 Y:496 living in the (uninhabited) uncolonised hinterland. 113 00:18:00:05 00:18:03:05 X:176 Y:471 They are savage men, cannibals, who do not cover any part of their bodies. 114 00:18:03:16 00:18:06:00 X:201 Y:496 Even the bashful ones are naked. 115 00:18:06:07 00:18:08:13 X:132 Y:496 These people, though they eat the flesh of man, 116 00:18:09:04 00:18:14:16 X:101 Y:471 consider themselves to be superior to other cannibals because they consume not enemies but only friends 117 00:18:15:05 00:18:18:20 X:105 Y:496 that have died bravely in battle or from natural causes 118 00:18:19:06 00:18:23:14 X:193 Y:471 as a manifestation of their respect and love for those who had died. 119 00:20:10:04 00:20:14:09 X:160 Y:471 A highpitched melodious sound floated out from the forest, the voice of the Devil. 120 00:20:14:22 00:20:19:05 X:135 Y:496 Finally, Satan himself stood beside the shaman 121 00:20:19:21 00:20:25:05 X:137 Y:471 who ordered him to sit next to him, their backs facing the expectant audience. 122 00:20:25:09 00:20:28:02 X:177 Y:471 The voice of the shaman was normal: that of the Satan high pitched. 123 00:20:28:04 00:20:31:16 X:67 Y:496 Questions from the crowd received answers from the demon. 124 00:20:31:23 00:20:35:00 X:151 Y:471 Others in the crowd threatened and showed intentions of attacking the Evil One. 125 00:20:35:04 00:20:38:11 X:143 Y:471 We could have believed that animals such as lions or panthers were roaring there, 126 00:20:38:21 00:20:43:03 X:115 Y:496 if we had not watched the scene with our own eyes. 127 00:20:47:03 00:20:52:00 X:78 Y:496 The strange tricks made a huge impression on my soldiers. 128 00:20:54:12 00:20:57:07 X:136 Y:496 One of them, a man from Germany, broke rank 129 00:20:57:13 00:21:00:04 X:167 Y:496 and ran away, seeking cover in a thicket. 130 00:21:02:12 00:21:05:13 X:114 Y:471 When a guard found him, at first he would not gave a reason for his behaviour. 131 00:21:06:02 00:21:10:06 X:163 Y:471 When tied to a tree however, he became more communicative and confessed 132 00:21:13:07 00:21:17:02 X:117 Y:496 that for the past ten years he had not been praying. 133 00:21:17:07 00:21:21:20 X:69 Y:496 When he had seen Satan among the Tapuyas, he was afraid 134 00:21:22:03 00:21:25:08 X:205 Y:496 that he would be taken to the hell 135 00:21:25:17 00:21:29:03 X:112 Y:496 that he probably deserved like so many of his kind... 136 00:21:33:03 00:21:42:00 X:56 Y:471 The deadlock in the war was broken in 1632, when the invaders gained the upper hand over the natives. 137 00:21:43:00 00:21:49:00 X:69 Y:496 The change in Dutch fortunes was due to Domingos Calabar. 138 00:21:51:00 00:21:59:00 X:80 Y:471 Calabar had been a prominent leader and advisor to Mathias de Albuquerque, but he changed his allegiance. 139 00:22:00:00 00:22:07:00 X:40 Y:471 He gave to Arciszewski information about the enemy's techniques, their ways of fighting and their itineraries. 140 00:22:08:00 00:22:15:00 X:187 Y:471 Immediately the Dutch were able to successfully capture forts and cities. 141 00:22:30:24 00:22:36:00 X:59 Y:496 We are in Comandatuba - one of the oldest cities in our region. 142 00:22:36:11 00:22:41:04 X:84 Y:496 Calabar was born here. His house once stood right here. 143 00:22:42:00 00:22:47:00 X:143 Y:471 Officer Krzysztof Arciszewski was an official from the province of Porto Calvo 144 00:22:47:12 00:22:53:00 X:140 Y:471 and the two men first met through their mutual acquaintance with Zygmunt Von Szkopp. 145 00:22:54:00 00:22:57:00 X:105 Y:494 Pharmacist, and amateur historian from Porto Calvo: 146 00:22:58:00 00:23:04:00 X:71 Y:471 They became friends and it is said that Arciszewski became a godfather to Calabar's daughter. 147 00:23:04:11 00:23:09:00 X:137 Y:471 Calabar decided to fight with the Dutch for they promised freedom for Brazil in the future. 148 00:23:10:00 00:23:16:00 X:162 Y:471 The Spanish and Portuguese in contrast, thought only about the business potential 149 00:23:16:12 00:23:22:00 X:169 Y:496 - they exported many goods to Europe. 150 00:23:23:00 00:23:30:00 X:73 Y:496 It was the reason for Calabar rebelling and joining the Dutch. 151 00:23:32:00 00:23:35:00 X:141 Y:496 From my point of view, Calabar was a traitor. 152 00:23:35:11 00:23:41:00 X:103 Y:471 He was not an insignificant person in our army, but an important advisor of our Commander-in-Chief. 153 00:23:41:11 00:23:46:00 X:82 Y:496 When he changed sides and accepted the rank of mayor, 154 00:23:46:11 00:23:51:00 X:120 Y:471 he betrayed the tactics of our armed raids and used the weapons against former colleagues. 155 00:23:51:11 00:23:54:08 X:248 Y:496 It was sheer treachery. 156 00:24:48:10 00:24:51:09 X:166 Y:496 After several years spent in West Indies, 157 00:24:51:19 00:24:58:04 X:179 Y:471 sailors would spend their hard earned guldens on women and drink. 158 00:24:58:22 00:25:03:07 X:136 Y:471 They become known as "Heren varensgasten" - the six-week masters. 159 00:25:04:12 00:25:11:13 X:167 Y:471 "Our nation must drink, or die." - Jan Pieterszoon Coen wrote in 1620... 160 00:25:12:17 00:25:15:14 X:204 Y:496 and he was not thinking of water. 161 00:26:51:03 00:26:53:15 X:73 Y:496 During the 100 years that the Portuguese had been in Brasil, 162 00:26:54:02 00:26:57:09 X:144 Y:471 the colonists had learned to feed themselves from their own produce. 163 00:26:57:10 00:27:02:01 X:184 Y:471 At meal times, the tables were full of fresh fruit, meat and potatoes. 164 00:27:02:03 00:27:05:04 X:140 Y:496 The Dutchmen were used to eating fatty diets. 165 00:27:05:14 00:27:08:00 X:94 Y:496 At first they had imported their provisions, even alcohol, 166 00:27:08:09 00:27:10:15 X:75 Y:496 from their distant homeland on the other side of the Atlantic. 167 00:27:11:09 00:27:15:22 X:153 Y:471 These tiny rations of food often had to last the soldiers and sailors for several months. 168 00:27:17:21 00:27:21:05 X:166 Y:471 In the 17th century, Amsterdam became a Mecca for European sailors, 169 00:27:21:19 00:27:27:04 X:116 Y:471 despite the terrible living conditions and low wages earned aboard Dutch vessels. 170 00:27:28:04 00:27:33:03 X:172 Y:471 As far as sea trade was concerned, Holland was the most powerful country. 171 00:27:34:11 00:27:39:00 X:192 Y:496 After his victory at Mata Redonda, 172 00:27:39:11 00:27:44:05 X:83 Y:471 Arciszewski decided to take the Cape of Santo Agostino, where Zygmunt Szkopp was trapped. 173 00:27:49:01 00:27:56:11 X:83 Y:471 Without hesitation Arciszewski made plans to rescue him, confirming the fine friendship 174 00:27:57:00 00:28:04:11 X:83 Y:471 that had existed between the two men since the beginning of the war in the service of the West Indies Company. 175 00:28:05:00 00:28:10:00 X:141 Y:496 Their fame had spread from Brazil to Holland. 176 00:28:10:11 00:28:15:00 X:172 Y:496 However, Arciszeski was not satisfied. 177 00:28:15:11 00:28:19:00 X:162 Y:496 In his reports to the Company authorities, 178 00:28:19:11 00:28:25:00 X:160 Y:471 he complained about the living conditions suffered by his soldiers. 179 00:28:25:11 00:28:32:00 X:96 Y:496 He also criticised the way the colony was administered. 180 00:28:43:14 00:28:48:04 X:157 Y:471 The managers of the Company in Holland began to neglect their public duties, 181 00:28:48:15 00:28:51:05 X:140 Y:496 becoming more concerned with personal gain. 182 00:28:52:03 00:28:55:07 X:193 Y:471 It is hard to say now how much of the profits disappeared in this way. 183 00:28:55:22 00:29:00:16 X:68 Y:496 Our investigation could have checked counsellors' properties, 184 00:29:01:03 00:29:05:03 X:195 Y:471 involvement in the slave trade and the duty imposed on shipping. 185 00:29:08:12 00:29:13:20 X:71 Y:471 In his reports, Arciszewski tried to convince the authorities of West-Indies Company that the colony needed a governor 186 00:29:14:00 00:29:18:11 X:70 Y:496 - a strong person with a flair for dealing with difficult matters. 187 00:29:19:00 00:29:23:20 X:107 Y:471 He suggested that the posts of Commander-in Chief and administrator should be combined. 188 00:29:24:01 00:29:28:06 X:182 Y:471 The Company agreed with him and...sent a Count von Nassau. 189 00:30:17:00 00:30:22:00 X:74 Y:496 Nassau had a very modern vision as how to run the colony. 190 00:30:22:11 00:30:26:00 X:74 Y:521 From Europe, he brought explorers, scientists and artists 191 00:30:26:11 00:30:30:00 X:29 Y:496 causing a fundamental change in the nature of the Dutch occupation. 192 00:30:31:00 00:30:37:00 X:83 Y:471 The periods before and after governor Nassau are completely different phases in the history of our province. 193 00:30:37:11 00:30:41:11 X:153 Y:496 What remains after him are surely his ideas 194 00:30:42:00 00:30:47:00 X:133 Y:471 connected with urban development that improved political opinion in the city of Recife. 195 00:30:47:11 00:30:52:00 X:158 Y:471 Local citizens associated the Dutch retain memories that are not so bad. 196 00:30:52:11 00:30:56:11 X:173 Y:496 Although they were ultimatily defeated, 197 00:30:57:00 00:31:02:00 X:94 Y:471 some good architecture is ascribed to the Dutch period and the reign of Von Nassau. 198 00:33:12:11 00:33:18:00 X:92 Y:471 During the reconstruction of the capital, Pernambuco, the new governor built many bridges as well as palaces. 199 00:33:18:11 00:33:25:00 X:154 Y:496 The ruins of some of them still exist today. 200 00:33:26:00 00:33:33:00 X:121 Y:471 By extending the city however, Nassau weakened the military defenses of Recife. 201 00:33:34:00 00:33:42:00 X:62 Y:496 During the last phase of the war, the city was totally destroyed. 202 00:33:50:00 00:33:54:11 X:159 Y:471 Nassau and Arciszewski disagreed about an appropriate site for the capital of Brasil 203 00:33:55:00 00:33:59:00 X:94 Y:494 Prof. Dr Gerhard Brunn, historian, University of Siegen: 204 00:34:00:00 00:34:03:00 X:141 Y:471 Arciszewski prefered the island of Itamaraca, which was easier to protect. 205 00:34:03:11 00:34:08:00 X:131 Y:471 The authorities however, rejected his proposals and Arciszewski returned to Holland. 206 00:34:09:00 00:34:16:00 X:89 Y:471 At the time, he had received a very tempting proposition by the Polish king to take command of mounted artillery. 207 00:34:17:00 00:34:23:00 X:163 Y:471 Due to the lack of understanding betweenhimself and the new governor, 208 00:34:23:11 00:34:27:11 X:173 Y:471 Arciszewski was prepared to accept the proffered position in his homeland. 209 00:34:28:00 00:34:35:00 X:89 Y:471 However, on his arival in Holland, he had not anticipated the warmth of the welcome that awaited him. 210 00:34:36:23 00:34:41:07 X:101 Y:471 On his return to Amsterdam, Arciszewski was greeted by crowds of people and gun salutes. 211 00:34:42:00 00:34:45:05 X:168 Y:471 He was presented with a silver medal, which had been specially forged for him. 212 00:34:45:16 00:34:49:15 X:218 Y:471 The inscription in Latin read: "Accept this victorious laurel." 213 00:34:50:06 00:34:53:12 X:94 Y:496 For a time, Arciszewski is much in demand by scientists 214 00:34:54:02 00:34:56:22 X:132 Y:496 and also artists who wanted to paint his portrait. 215 00:35:15:00 00:35:20:00 X:101 Y:496 It is a great honour and satisfying to look at the medal 216 00:35:20:11 00:35:31:00 X:165 Y:471 which was made to commemorate Arciszewski's victories for the Company. 217 00:35:33:00 00:35:39:00 X:95 Y:471 -These medals are similar, they have identical pictures, but the metal is different. 218 00:35:40:00 00:35:47:00 X:168 Y:471 -Why? Are they from various epochs?-No, they are not! It was normal practice 219 00:35:48:00 00:35:54:00 X:107 Y:471 The medals were of the same design, but were made of different metals: gold, silver or bronze. 220 00:35:55:00 00:36:02:00 X:87 Y:496 -It is indeed an honour for me to be allowed to hold them. 221 00:36:02:11 00:36:09:00 X:113 Y:471 I have no doubts that during the campaign in Brazil, Arciszewski, with his inherent skills 222 00:36:09:05 00:36:17:00 X:90 Y:471 in leadership together with his ability to fight and defend, made an enormous impression on his corps of officers. 223 00:36:17:05 00:36:25:00 X:142 Y:471 This influence together with his determination and desire to expand military action 224 00:36:25:11 00:36:33:00 X:112 Y:471 led to disagreements with Von Nassau, who did not approve of Arciszewski's political viewpoint. 225 00:36:59:01 00:37:07:14 X:132 Y:471 We know that he admired the power model that was popular in Europe at that time 226 00:37:08:07 00:37:14:03 X:138 Y:471 whereby the prince of an independent territory could unite his people with a ruling class 227 00:37:15:23 00:37:23:10 X:75 Y:496 and that he should attend to the development of his domain. 228 00:37:24:15 00:37:33:04 X:86 Y:471 Nassau wanted Brazil to become similar to the European pattern that was principally German in form, 229 00:37:33:17 00:37:42:00 X:105 Y:471 but however was in conflict with the commercial aims of the West Indies Comapny. 230 00:37:42:19 00:37:52:20 X:145 Y:471 He thought about the political product, rather than the economics of the matter. 231 00:38:30:00 00:38:35:11 X:126 Y:471 An anecdotal story about Prince Nassau that is very popular among the citizens of Recife 232 00:38:36:00 00:38:40:11 X:175 Y:494 Hermano Octavio Maia, driver, Recife: 233 00:38:41:00 00:38:47:00 X:187 Y:471 concerns an enormous bridge that he built across the Capibaribe river. 234 00:38:47:15 00:38:54:00 X:164 Y:471 The construction of the bridge had taken too long and the Prince promised that 235 00:38:54:11 00:39:01:00 X:148 Y:471 if the work was completed before the fiesta, a great bull would fly over the market place. 236 00:39:01:11 00:39:07:00 X:187 Y:471 Using special machines, Nassau kept his word and managed to make 237 00:39:07:11 00:39:13:00 X:202 Y:471 a dummy bull fly over the market to the great delight of his people. 238 00:41:36:01 00:41:40:17 X:123 Y:471 On one occasion, the Dutch envoy was boasting about the religious freedom 239 00:41:41:00 00:41:44:15 X:180 Y:471 of the Netherlands in the presence of King George X of Sweden, 240 00:41:45:02 00:41:50:02 X:108 Y:471 when the monarch drew from his pocket a large coin: "That is your religion.", he remarked. 241 00:43:32:00 00:43:40:00 X:44 Y:471 When he returned to Brazil for the third time, Arciszewski was certain that the position that he had been offered 242 00:43:40:11 00:43:47:00 X:78 Y:471 and the power that came with it (that of the General Supervision of the armed forces and fortifications) 243 00:43:47:11 00:43:54:00 X:164 Y:496 would made him a Commander-in-Chief. 244 00:43:59:11 00:44:05:11 X:120 Y:471 but he was unprepared for the affront that awaited him as he approached the coast of Brazil. 245 00:44:06:00 00:44:11:00 X:151 Y:496 His ship was attacked with live ammunition. 246 00:44:11:15 00:44:18:00 X:188 Y:471 The admiral's flag was damaged. Von Nassau's welcome was hostile. 247 00:45:38:03 00:45:45:01 X:80 Y:471 The authorities of the Company had been disappointed by the reign of Johann Morits von Nassau over the colony. 248 00:45:50:03 00:45:57:21 X:105 Y:471 Arciszewski had once again been sent to Brazil, this time with proper equipment and high military rank. 249 00:45:58:06 00:46:05:14 X:58 Y:471 For the governor, it was unbearable. Johann Morits came from one of the most respectable families in Germany. 250 00:46:06:00 00:46:13:02 X:71 Y:471 He was a von Nassau, a close relative of the Prince-Regent and he could not accept that anyone could limit his power in Brazil. 251 00:46:13:23 00:46:19:06 X:23 Y:471 Arciszewski, a talented and ambitious man, could well have hoped that some day he would become the governor. 252 00:46:19:19 00:46:24:24 X:66 Y:471 Unfortunately, although Brazil is an enormous country, it was too small to accommodate both men. 253 00:46:29:01 00:46:32:10 X:200 Y:496 My dear Sire, Your Excellency ..., 254 00:46:35:21 00:46:42:05 X:90 Y:471 In the House of Nassau there in Netherlands there are too many under privileged Grafs with no titles or estates. 255 00:46:42:23 00:46:53:01 X:106 Y:471 Graf Maurits has deprived me of any such rights and has decided to send me back to the Netherlands. 256 00:46:54:04 00:47:01:10 X:41 Y:471 As the West-Indies Company is subservient to the Nassau Family, they cannot support me in this matter. 257 00:47:13:05 00:47:19:23 X:128 Y:471 I could deal with Graf Maurits, but unfortunatelly, he will not returning for another two years. 258 00:47:21:21 00:47:25:04 X:109 Y:496 As far as the Company is concerned, I am resigning. 259 00:47:25:16 00:47:29:04 X:168 Y:471 I do not wish for any compensation and I have had my fill of Brazil. 260 00:47:29:17 00:47:34:03 X:164 Y:471 The only thing that matters for me is that my sentence of banishment is retracted. 261 00:47:35:18 00:47:40:19 X:166 Y:471 If this does not happen, I cannot be held responsible for my future actions. 262 00:47:41:03 00:47:44:01 X:198 Y:496 We may all have cause for regret. 263 00:49:20:16 00:49:30:03 X:127 Y:471 I can recall those brave councillors running away whenever they saw the enemy approach. 264 00:49:30:13 00:49:37:18 X:87 Y:471 They fled from Brazil and such things as patriotism, honour or letters from Your Majesty, could not stop them. 265 00:49:38:09 00:49:47:13 X:55 Y:471 They do not remember that it was Schoppe's and Arciszewski's mission that captured the country without their assistance: 266 00:49:49:01 00:49:52:10 X:167 Y:471 the country that provided them with their sugar factories and profits. 267 00:49:53:07 00:50:02:04 X:103 Y:471 On my second journey to Brazil, I found these people had locked themselves in their forts. They did not have the courage to show themselves. 268 00:50:03:14 00:50:09:03 X:79 Y:471 It was thanks to myself that they had gained 130 000 miles of coast line with no enemy in sight. 269 00:50:10:12 00:50:15:15 X:74 Y:471 Only when the country had been captured did these fugitives return and like flies, occupied the sugar. 270 00:50:16:03 00:50:18:21 X:142 Y:471 I hope that you,Your Excellency, will consider these matters in your deliberations. 271 00:51:52:00 00:51:58:00 X:123 Y:496 The production of sugar was a complex process. 272 00:52:02:00 00:52:10:00 X:83 Y:471 The Portuguese had mastered the art in the XVIth century which is why they were called "the masters of sugar". 273 00:52:11:00 00:52:19:00 X:98 Y:471 Pernambuco was the main producer of Brazilian sugar and for this reason, it was invaded by the Dutch. 274 00:52:20:00 00:52:26:00 X:159 Y:471 Arciszewski wanted to gain as much land as possible by military action, 275 00:52:26:11 00:52:32:00 X:155 Y:471 whereas Nassau wanted to develop a closer relationship with the native people 276 00:52:32:11 00:52:37:00 X:98 Y:496 in order to use their knowledge about producing sugar. 277 00:52:38:00 00:52:44:00 X:201 Y:471 It was a possible cause for the conflict between the two men. 278 00:52:52:00 00:52:59:00 X:170 Y:471 The conflict ended when von Schoppe, Arciszewski's longstanding companion, 279 00:52:59:11 00:53:06:00 X:113 Y:471 advised him to meet with Count Nassau and promised to support him during the discussion. 280 00:53:07:00 00:53:15:00 X:104 Y:471 When Arciszewski read out his accusations however, von Schoppe remained silent. 281 00:53:16:00 00:53:22:00 X:171 Y:471 Our hero was alone. Nassau perceived Arciszewski's charges as a betrayal 282 00:53:22:11 00:53:29:00 X:155 Y:471 and gave orders for him to be imprisoned, demoted and sent back to Holland. 283 00:53:30:00 00:53:36:00 X:78 Y:496 In my research, I discovered that Nassau ordered supplies 284 00:53:36:11 00:53:42:00 X:182 Y:471 for Arciszewski's ship that would be sufficient for only half of the voyage. 285 00:53:42:11 00:53:47:15 X:86 Y:496 He wanted Arciszewski to die during his return to Holland. 286 00:53:48:00 00:53:53:00 X:146 Y:471 Two ships left Brazil atthe same time: Arciszewski's and one that was much faster. 287 00:53:53:14 00:53:59:00 X:154 Y:471 The speedier vessel carried letters from Nassau to the authorities of the Company. 288 00:53:59:15 00:54:05:15 X:104 Y:471 In them, Nassau described his own version of events, portraying Arciszewski in an unfavourable light. 289 00:54:13:15 00:54:23:06 X:244 Y:471 Glory in the Lord. I return to my homeland I smell the smoke, 290 00:54:26:03 00:54:29:13 X:254 Y:496 And I see the chimney 291 00:54:30:13 00:54:38:15 X:192 Y:471 Of my old family house. My enemies have died, And never again need their armour. 292 00:54:40:19 00:54:46:19 X:95 Y:496 Glory in the Lord. For an outlaw It is hard to earn bread. 293 00:54:47:20 00:54:51:11 X:123 Y:496 They who trust in the Lord Should not be rejected. 294 00:55:04:01 00:55:08:18 X:131 Y:471 After Arciszewski's resignation, there was no further terrestrial expansion of the Dutch colony. 295 00:55:09:04 00:55:14:00 X:86 Y:471 Put very simply, they needed a leader who was intelligent and a strategist, as Arciszewski had been. 296 00:55:14:15 00:55:18:02 X:52 Y:496 The boundaries of the Dutch territories in Brazil started to shrink. 297 00:56:04:00 00:56:11:00 X:163 Y:471 Nassau's rule is considered to have been a period of splendour and peace. 298 00:56:12:15 00:56:19:00 X:54 Y:471 The signs of the next phase of war would soon appear however a war of deconstruction in which Nassau lost his power, 299 00:56:19:20 00:56:27:00 X:103 Y:471 the sugar factory owners had insufficient capital to purchase the slaves needed and business declined. 300 00:56:28:00 00:56:35:00 X:43 Y:471 Meanwhile in Portugal, King John reclaimed his crown and removed support for his rebelling plantations owners in Brazil. 301 00:56:35:15 00:56:42:00 X:131 Y:471 Once again, the Dutch were in a similar situation to that of the beginning of the occupation 302 00:56:42:11 00:56:49:01 X:47 Y:496 - surrounded in Recife and defending a few forts along the coast. 303 00:56:53:00 00:56:59:15 X:148 Y:471 They subsequently lost territories and finally, in 1654, their rule in Brasil ended. 304 00:59:35:16 00:59:39:04 X:75 Y:471 Suffering from serious illness Arciszewski could not defend himself against the accusations. 305 00:59:39:17 00:59:43:04 X:51 Y:496 A few months after his return to Holland, he wrote "The Apology" 306 00:59:43:24 00:59:50:03 X:95 Y:471 in which he presented his case and argued against the slanders that circulated and asking for the unfair condemnations to be changed. 307 00:59:50:16 00:59:56:09 X:102 Y:471 He submitted the paper to many notable personalities among them, Prince Radziwiłł, 308 00:59:56:14 01:00:05:04 X:63 Y:471 who supported Arciszewski in letters to the Dutch government and to the Council for the West Indian Company. 309 01:00:06:03 01:00:10:09 X:162 Y:471 Radziwiłł also asked the king of Poland, Wladyslaw IV, to help the famous soldier. 310 01:00:11:04 01:00:20:04 X:97 Y:471 Under this influence, the Council altered the sentence and released Arciszewski, officially at his own request, from the military service for the Company. 311 01:00:24:18 01:00:33:20 X:85 Y:471 The reason for king Władysław to bring Arciszewski from the Netherlands back to Poland is interesting. 312 01:00:35:21 01:00:41:04 X:61 Y:496 The king dreamed at the time that he could gather a large army 313 01:00:42:00 01:00:46:05 X:81 Y:496 to fight against the Tartars and win the war against Turkey. 314 01:00:48:08 01:00:53:04 X:79 Y:496 He may even have had ambitions for the throne in Istanbul. 315 01:00:53:12 01:00:58:07 X:86 Y:471 It would be a huge military operation and the king needed polish military specialists from all over the Europe. 316 01:00:59:03 01:01:13:01 X:124 Y:471 Arciszewski, an expert in the bridge construction, the art of fortification and artillery techniques, 317 01:01:13:15 01:01:20:13 X:138 Y:496 was nominated for the post of artillery general. 318 01:01:23:02 01:01:28:10 X:125 Y:471 Arciszewski's letters to the king show that he had a lot of doubts about religious matters. 319 01:01:33:13 01:01:39:07 X:167 Y:496 He would ask himself: What is the soul? Who is God? How does God exist? 320 01:01:40:21 01:01:49:04 X:134 Y:496 In fact he was not a believer in any strict sense. 321 01:01:51:11 01:02:02:03 X:125 Y:471 He was closest to the Arian (anti-trinity) doctrine, but he was not an orthodox believer. 322 01:02:02:16 01:02:10:13 X:124 Y:471 He had been excluded from the Arian community following the exploits of his youth. 323 01:02:11:13 01:02:19:19 X:133 Y:471 Further, he could not be tolerated by the Arians because of his choice of career. 324 01:02:21:22 01:02:29:11 X:115 Y:471 However in the XVIIth century, it was not forbidden to bear arms or hold office. 325 01:02:30:10 01:02:43:11 X:69 Y:471 But a military career to gain money and fame was absolutely against the moral code of anty-trinitarian believers. 326 01:02:49:01 01:02:52:01 X:216 Y:496 Your Highness, my dear Lord, 327 01:02:52:04 01:02:57:08 X:169 Y:471 Rarely do these two things go together: that is great fame and large fortune. 328 01:02:57:20 01:03:04:01 X:199 Y:471 I have chosen the first and I have no time to run after the money. 329 01:03:04:06 01:03:09:07 X:145 Y:471 The Lords here had enough evidence of that and they respect me 330 01:03:09:19 01:03:15:01 X:116 Y:496 because I have never claimed booty or extra profit. 331 01:03:16:06 01:03:21:07 X:158 Y:471 If Heaven permits me to save my honour, I'm ready to take leave of the world 332 01:03:22:14 01:03:26:03 X:101 Y:496 in the same way as Epaminondas, the king of Theban. 333 01:03:26:06 01:03:32:05 X:105 Y:471 After his death, all his property, a spit and an old pot, were the only items that were found at his house. 334 01:03:33:17 01:03:37:10 X:191 Y:471 After the treaty concluding the war, Arciszewski's health deteriorated, 335 01:03:43:05 01:03:46:08 X:191 Y:496 he left the military service for good. 336 01:03:47:02 01:03:53:11 X:62 Y:471 He felt his life was coming to a close, so he decided to move to the house of his uncle Paweł, where soon he died. 337 01:03:54:02 01:04:00:08 X:134 Y:471 Shortly before his death he expressed the wish to be buried near to his parents 338 01:04:00:19 01:04:06:23 X:119 Y:496 parents in the church of Czech Brothers in Leszno. 339 01:04:08:17 01:04:19:23 X:131 Y:471 On the day of the funeral, the church caught fire and the coffin with his body, were consumed in the inferno. 340 01:04:20:13 01:04:24:10 X:239 Y:496 Nothing remained of him.