Larry Payne was a sixteen-year old African American teenager who was killed following a march in support of the Memphis sanitation strike on Thursday, March 28, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee.[1] He was the only fatality on that day although the New Pittsburgh Courier reported 60 injured and 276 arrested.[2]
Martin Luther King Jr. called Payne's mother, Lizzie Payne, on the phone to console her after her son's killing by Patrolman Leslie Dean Jones.[3]
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"He Died A Week Before MLK: Larry Payne, Forgotten Civil Rights Martyr..." Part 1
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Larry Payne: Forgotten Chapter IN MLK's MEmphis Story.
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HE Died A WEek BEfoRE MLK: Larry Payne, Forgotten Civil Rights Martyr..." Part 1
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"He Died A Week Before MLK: Larry Payne, Forgotten Civil Rights Martyr..." Part 2
Transcription
Events leading up to Payne's death
Conflicting accounts describe the looting that occurred in tandem with the march on Thursday March 28, 1968 that led to a city-wide curfew and Mayor Loeb calling the Tennessese National Guard. According to multiple witnesses, as Payne emerged from the basement in the Fowler Homes housing development, police officer Leslie Dean Jones pressed the barrel of a sawed-off shotgun into Payne's stomach and fired, killing him.[4] It was determined that Payne was emerging from the housing complex's boiler room when Jones shot him.[5][6] Payne reportedly had his hands up prior to his killing and had asked the officer not to shoot.[4][7] Jones later claimed that Payne was holding a large butcher knife when he emerged from the basement, a statement denied by witnesses to the killing.[4] The Shelby County grand jury did not press charges, and the U.S. Department of Justice declared that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute Jones when investigating him for civil rights abuses.[4][6]
A memo which was later published by the Department of Justice in 2011 noted that witness accounts of what had happened varied, aside from the claim that Payne never held a knife.[6] It also revealed that despite witness claims that they didn't see Payne holding the knife, local police were able to provide photo evidence of a butcher knife they stated they found near the boiler room door.[6] The memo also stated that the first Department of Justice investigation against Jones closed in 1971 due to problems with “the credibility of the witnesses and because we cannot explain how a knife was found near the victim’s body.”[6] It was also determined by the U.S. Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division in April 2023 that any suggestion that the knife was planted by Jones was not supported by circumstances leading up to the shooting and that both a gunpowder flecking which was found on Payne's left elbow and a gunpowder burn which was found on Payne's left hand indicated that Payne was in fact reaching for Jones with his left arm when Jones shot him.[5]
Payne's funeral
There was a five-hour wake the day before the funeral on Monday, April 1, 1968.[8] Six hundred attended his funeral at Clayborn Temple on Tuesday, April 2, 1968.[9] Striking sanitation workers, clergy members who supported the strike, and national television representatives were all in attendance, as well as the students and faculty of Mitchell Road High School where Payne was enrolled prior to his death. Rev. B.T. Dumas, pastor of New Philadelphia Baptist Church gave the eulogy entitled "Man Is Like Grass And Is Cut Down in Various Stages of Life." Rev. Dumas made no reference to the unusual circumstances of Payne's death.[9] Payne's mother, Lizzie Mason Payne, had to be led from the church because she was so full of grief. The Washington Post quoted her as saying: "They killed you like a dog."[10]
Events after Payne's death
King planned to visit Payne's mother during his next visit to Memphis, but was killed before the visit could occur.[1] He was assassinated seven days after Payne's killing, on April 4, 1968, when he returned to Memphis in an effort to hold a peaceful march unmarred by looting and violence.
After Payne's death, Lizzie Payne, his mother, moved to Flint, Michigan.[3]
Under the Till Act, the case against Jones began another federal review in 2007.[6] It would later be officially closed by the Department of Justice on July 5, 2011, when it was determined that there was not "sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the subject willfully used excessive force when he fired his weapon at the victim.”[6] Jones later died in April 2019.[4]
In April 2023, the Civil Rights Division official Karla Dobinski would issue a notice to close the case's file.[5]
References
- ^ a b "Larry Payne". Civil Rights and Restorative Justice. Northwestern University School of Law. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ^ Ratcliff, Robert M. (April 6, 1968). "Memphis: King's Biggest Gamble – March Was Out of Hand Before It Even Started". New Pittsburgh Courier.
- ^ a b "83 year old mother grieves son's death". Commercial Appeal via Democratic Underground. Gannett. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Watts, Micaela (4 April 2019). "Leslie Dean Jones, Memphis police officer who killed Larry Payne in 1968 sanitation strike, has died". Memphis Commercial Appeal. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Dobinski, Karla (April 18, 2023). "Larry Payne - Notice to Close File". U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Larry Payne: Un(re)solved". Frontline. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- ^ Perrusquia, Marc (28 March 2018). "Leading up to 6:01: The last 32 hours of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr". Memphis Commercial Appeal. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "Probe Killing of Memphis Youth". Chicago Defender (Daily Edition). April 1, 1968.
- ^ a b Reid, McCann (April 2, 1968). "600 Attend Funeral for Young Riot Victim". Chicago Defender (Daily Edition).
- ^ "Memphis Riot Victim Buried". The Washington Post and Times-Herald). April 3, 1968.
External links
- "My thoughts: Wither Larry Payne, civil rights and hallowed grounds?" Commercial Appeal, February 27, 2016.
- Interview with Larry Payne's mother, brother, and sister (Recorded: March 2, 2010)
- FBI to Re-Open Memphis Civil Rights era cold case (WMC Channel 5 News)
- For Larry Payne (a poem commissioned by Fusion Theatre Company and written by Hakim Bellamy, November 9, 2013)
- Who We Are: Chronicle of Racism in America ( Netflix documentary 2022 )
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This page was last edited on 10 November 2023, at 06:54