Qaimkhani (also spelled KAYAMKHANI and Qaim Khani; occasionally rendered as Kaimkhani) is a Muslim Rajput community of India who were notable for ruling the Fatehpur (sikar), Churu , Nagaur, Jhunjhunu region in Rajasthan AND Hansi And Hissar In HARYANA from the 1300s to the 1700s.[1][2]
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History
They are said to be descended from Chauhan Rajputs who converted from Hinduism to Islam in the 13th century during the reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.[3][4] As also stated by the historian Dirk H. A. Kolff that the Qaimkhanis have Turkic origins.[5]
They ruled between 1384 and 1731 with Fatehpur, Rajasthan as the capital, Kayamkhani Rajputs ruled in Fatehpur (Sikar) , Churu , Nagaur , Jhunjhunu Rajasthan and Hansi ,Hissar.[6][need quotation to verify]
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((History))
The KayamKhani is a community, which derives its origin from the Hindu Rajputs of Chauhan clan who embraced to islam . Jaan Kavi (Neimat Khan) traced the history of KayamKhani from its Kayam Khan, who laid the foundation for KayamKhani Nawabi rule in Hissar [disambiguation needed].He writes that the founder of this community was Raja Mote Rao Chauhan, a Hindu ruler of Daderva state in Churu district. He had four sons named Jainand, Jabar Chand, Jagmal and Karam Chand. It was Karam Chand whom Firuz Shah Tughlaq met within a Forest near Hissar where the young Karam Chand was resting for a while under a tree which was completely covering him to give comfort. Firuz Shah Tughlaq enquired about the young Karam Chand’s family details and took him to Delhi. After seeking consent from Mote Rao Chauhan one of his subordinates Firuz Shah sent Karam Chand to Sayyed Nasir for Islamic training. Thus Karam Chand embraced Islam and changed his name to Kayam Khan. Later in his two elder brothers Jaichand and Jabarichand also joined him in the pursuit of Islam. However, it is the descendants of Kayam Khan who were known as KayamKhani, but in due course the descendants of his brothers, who changed their names to zainunddin Khan and Jabaruddin Khan were also included in the fold of Kayam Khani community. Kayam Khan become an Ameer of the Delhi Sultanate. Nawab kayam Khan had six sons, named Mohammad Khan, Taj Khan, Quttab Khan, Mohan Khan, Ikhtiar Khan, and Wahid Khan. During the life of the Nawab, Mohammad Khan lived in Hisar while Taj Khan and Quttub Khan ruled Tussam in Punjab. Mohan Khan and Ikhtiar Khan were the rulers of Fatehabad and Dhosi.
After the death of their father at the hands of Khizr Khan, they dispersed and chose to avoid confrontation with Hakim-e-Delhi (ruling power in Delhi). Taj Khan later became the Nawab of Hisar, ruling from 1420 - 1446 AD. After death of Taj Khan his eldest son Fateh Khan was made Nawab of Hisar but Bahlol Lodi expelled Fatehkhan from Hisar. Taj Khan's brother, Muhammad Khan was made Nawab of Hansi but he was also expelled. Fateh Khan and Muhammad Khan came to Shekhawati area of Rajasthan and established the states of Fatehpur and Jhunjhunu respectively. Nawab Zainudin Khan and Nawab Jabaruddin Khan founded the states of Narhar, Barwasi, Jharo Dapti, and Kayad. Rajasthan historian Mhatta Nanasi has written in his fame that Hisar's soldier Syed Nasir looted Dadreva. From there, two boys took one Chauhan and another Jat. Put them near Sheikh of Hansi. When Syed died, he was sent to Huzur of Bahlol Lodi. Chauhan was named Kayam Khan and Jat was named as Janu. Janu's descendants (Jaindot) are in Jhunjhunu Fatehpur. Kayamkhan became a soldier of Hisar. Chaudhary met Jude and settled in Jhunjhunu town. Kayamkhan was the son of Raja Moterao singh Chauhan of Dadreva. Kayamkhan's descendants are called Kayamkhani. [5] [6] This is confirmed by historical facts. Mahakavi Jaan, the author of Raso, being the son of Moterao Chauhan of Kayamkhan, being a resident of Dadreva, etc., mention in detail the facts. It is necessary to consider what time Moterao Chauhan was and what time Kayam Khan became a Muslim. The Chauhans of Dadreva were a branch of the Chauhans of Sambhar. He had authority over Dadreva for a long time and his title was Rana. Rana's title used two branches in Chauhans. First Mohil and second choice. The Chauhans of Dadreva probably belonged to the Chahil branch. The temple priests of Gogaji, who was the ancestor of Karamchand, are still wanted. Mote Rao Chauhan was a descendant of Gogaji. Dashrath Sharma considers Gogaji's time as the 11th Shadi. According to him, he fought in Mahmud Ghaznavi and sacrificed in Sana 1024. In Ranakpur inscription, Gogaji is considered a popular hero. This inscription is from V. 1496 (1439 AD). [7] It is famous that Karmchand was born 16 generations after Gogaji. Similarly, from Jait Singh, he is considered to be in the seventh generation. Bankidas has written Gogaji to be the son of Jewar. After Gogaji, Bairasi, Udayaraj, Jaskaran, Kesorai, Vijayaraj, Madanasi, Prithviraj, Lalchand, Ajaychand, Gopal, Jaitasi, Dadreva ascended the throne. The inscription of Jaitasi has been received which is dated to V.C. Belongs to 1270 (1213 AD). It is actually called 1273 BC. Told to be of After Jetsi, Punpal, Roop, Ravan, Tihumpal, Motrao, this lineage is considered by Rasokar. A definite date is known from the inscription of Jaitasi. Jaitasi was the son of Gopal who built a well in Dadreva. Gogaji was killed while fighting Mahmud Ghaznavi in 1024. The time from Gogaji to Jaitasi is usually 192 years for 9 Rana, which is slightly more than the average of 20 years. Moterao Chauhan's time is about 1315 AD, which is near the time of Feroze Tughlaq, with the same average of the Ranaas ahead of Jaitasi. It is clear that Kayam became a Muslim in the time of Khan Feroze Tughlaq (1309-1388). [8]
It is known from Tariqi Ferozshahi that after returning from Bengal, the second year of the Battle of Bengal established Hisar Feroza. This can be considered in 1354. In Hisar, the Sultan built a fort and named the common Hisar Feroza after this city. Earlier, the area around Hisar was in the Shink (division) of Hansi. This Shink was renamed Hisar Firoza and included the districts of Hansi, Agroha, Fatehabad, Sarsuti, Salaruh and Khizrabad. Near this was the area of Shekhawati in the southwest. Kayam Khan though converted to Muslim but his Hindu rites were strong. His contact was also with the ruling castes around his place of birth. Kayam Khan had seven Queen who were all Rajput. [9]The names of the seven queens of Kayam khan were -
Darude kanwar - daughter of Raghunath Singh Panwar of Sadar
Umaid Kanwar - daughter of Ratan Singh Jatu of Siwani
Jeet Kanwar - daughter of Sivraj Singh God of Maroth
Sujan Kanwar - daughter of Olurao Nirvana of Khandela
Sujan Kanwar - daughter of Rajpal Bhati of Jaisalmer
Ratan Kanwar - daughter of Dwarkadas of Nagaur
Chand Kanwar - daughter of Bhagwan Das Badgujar of Hod
Fatehpur Settlement of Fateh Khan
Kayam Khan was the prince of Hisar Turquoise in the last days of his life. This area was far and wide and Dadreva, his place of birth, was also near where Chauhan was still ruling. Kayamkhan had close contact with Shekhawati, this can be known from his marriage in the section of rulers of Khandele. Later due to this contact, his son was displaced from Hisar and moved here. According to Shekhawati Prakash Kayamkhan had 5 sons - Mohmmadkhan, Tajkhan, Qutubkhan, Abukhan, and Ikhtiarkhan. In 'Fatehpur Parichay' it is said that he has 6 boys. In addition to the above five, the name of Mohankhan has been added. The fourth son settled in Qutub Khan Baruve and took possession of the surrounding places. Barua is the place of Jhunjhunu district which is 11 km south of Nawalgarh. [24] According to Ratan Lal Mishra, Raso's statement is that Fateh Khan could not live in Hisar due to opposition from Bahlol Lodi emperor. He settled the city of Fatehpur, which was formerly a forest and had reservoirs. As long as the fort was built, Fatah Khan stayed in Rinau village. He put together the foundations of 6 forts, Palhu, Bhadra, Bhadang, Baila, and Fatehpur. Apart from Fatehpur, all the above mentioned places fall in the present Churu and Ganganagar districts. Pallu, Bhadra fall in Hanumangarh district and Saheva, Bhadang and Bayla fall in Churu district. According to Raso, the settlement of Fatehpur is of Samvat 1508 (1451 AD). An inscription has been found in the temple of old Saravagis of Fatehpur, according to which Seth Tuhin Mal laid the foundation stone of Samvat 1508 Phagan Sudi 2 of this temple. [25] Ratan Lal Mishra [26] writes that there is also another evidence which takes the matter of settling of Fatehpur city a little back. When Fatekhan came to Fatehpur, he brought with him Pandit, Seth and moneylender. It is known from the article in the book of Mr. Kishanlal Brahmabhatta that Fatehkhan came here from Hisar in Samvat 1503. It is written in this book - "Haritwal Godwal came from Narnol to Fatehpur, in the Bar of Chaudhary Gangaram in the war of Nawab Fatehkhan, the year of Samvat 1503." This is the same era when Bahlol Lodi took possession of Hisar and the surrounding area before becoming the emperor. Where Fatehkhan started building the fort, there were forests and reservoirs (Ho Sarwar Udyan) and Mahatma Gangadas had a dhuni. In order to build the fort, the people of Fateh Khan asked to raise Mahatmaji. Mahatmaji said that make the fort a little dandy. If the soldiers did not listen, the Mahatma became enraged and put them in the bag with a burning dhuni. The soldiers went to Renau and narrated this miraculous incident to Fateh Khan. Fateh Khan, fearing the curse of the monk, came to Mahatma ji. At that time, Mahatma ji was sitting under the jaunt of fumigation where lime is nowadays. Fateh Khan asked Mahatmaji to return, but he did not budge. At this place, even today the temple and mausoleum of Mahatma Gangadas ji are there. There is also a Persian inscription on which the construction of the temple is written Samvat 1505 (1448 AD). Fateh khan had many Hindu women. In order to worship them, small house temples or devasthan were built in the fort. Their remains could be seen till a few years ago
Fateh khan's right over Shekhawati In this way, Fatekhan established himself on the south eastern part of Shekhawati. He established his suzerainty over the land lying in the north direction, as is proved by the construction of 5 forts in this area. Thus far-off lands were under him. By strengthening the fort on the frontier, he strengthened his position considerably. [11] According to Raso, Taj khan and Mohammad Khan returned to Hisar. Tajkhan became a very powerful ruler. It took over Khetri, Kharkada, Buhana and subdued Patan, Rewasa and Amer. He took Peshkas from Kachwahe, Nirvana, Tanwar and Panwar. Tajkhan died in Hisar Samvat 1503 (1446 AD). His brother Mohammad Khan died in Hansi. [12] In many books, the matter of settling Jhunjhunu by Mohammad khan has been said in the context of Jhunjh Jat. [13] The evidence of Jhunjhunu Nagar's earlier settlements is available in Jain texts. Many quotations of 14th century are present in Jain texts, which prove the antiquity of this city. Jhunjhunu is described in the Sarvatirthamala written by Siddhasen Suri in Vikrami 1123 (1066 AD) as follows - "Khandillu Xinzhuyanay Narayan Harsaur Khattauesu. Nayur Suddha Dehi Su Sabhari Desesu Vandami ..." [14] Similarly, from the information published in Varada, Jhunjhunu has been mentioned in Samvat 1300 as follows- "Samvat 1300 Subsequently Khatu Vaastya Sah Gopal Chief Nana Nagar Gramay Vastavayanek Shravaka: Shri Navaha Jhunjhunu Vaastya - [15] Jhunjhunu settling in Vakayat Kaum Kayamkhani has been reported as 1444 V. Month 14 Saturday. There is a possibility that Kaymkhanis may have decorated Jhunjhunu with a new spirit. Along with Fatekhan came Mohammad Khan's son Shamskhan who established his authority over the northern part of Shekhawati. A mention of Shamskhan establishing his rule in Jhunjhunu is also found in the commendation of Trilokya Deepak. According to this no. Shamskhan was ruled by Jhunjhunu in 1516. [16] "Swasti Samvat 1516 Ashadh Sudi Five Bhomwasare Jhunjhunu auspicious place Shaki Bhupathi Prajapalka Samaskhan Vijay Raje". According to Vakayat Kaum Kayamkhani, Shamskhan built a pond which is still known as Shams pond. It has paved ghats and steps. It left a bead in an area of 20 square miles in which animals graze. It also made some solid cooks. This Nawab settled a village called Shamspur which is situated 4 miles east of Jhunjhunu. Shamskhan died in Jhunjhunu where a strong dome is present.
The list of Nawabs of Jhunjhunu is as follows -
Mohammad khan
Sams khan
Fateh khan
Mubarak khan
Kamal khan
Bhikam khan
Mohabat khan
Khizar khan
Bahadur khan
Samas khan
Sultan khan
Wahid khan
Saad khan
Fzal khan
Rohilla khan
The last Nawab of Jhunjhunun was Rohilla Khan. It came under Shardul Singh Shekhawat in 1731 .
References
- ^ Sunita Budhwar (1978). "The kayamkhani Shaikhzada Family of Fatehpur-Jhunjhunu". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 39: 412–425. JSTOR 44139379.
- ^ Dr Dasharatha Sharma, Kayam Raso, Ed. Dasharath Sharma, Agarchand Nahta, Rajsthan Puratatva Mandir, 1953, page-15
- ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals. Vol. 2. Har-Anand Publications. p. 112. ISBN 978-8-12411-066-9.
- ^ Stern, Robert W. (1988). The Cat and the Lion: Jaipur State in the British Raj. BRILL. p. 265. ISBN 978-9-00408-283-0.
- ^ Kolff, Dirk H. A. (2002). Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-1850. Cambridge University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-52152-305-9.
- ^ Weinberger-Thomas, Catherine (1999). Ashes of Immortality: Widow-Burning in India. University of Chicago Press. p. 176. ISBN 0-226-88568-2.
This page was last edited on 12 April 2024, at 18:55