Adagio and Fugue in C minor (Mozart)

The Adagio and Fugue in C minor, K. 546, is a composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart for strings. Mozart entered it into his own work catalogue on 26 June 1788 in Vienna as "A short Adagio for two violins, viola and bass, for a fugue which I wrote some time ago for two Pianos".^[1] The fugue in question was the two piano fugue in C minor, K. 426, written in December 1783.^[2]

Form

The work is in two sections:

Adagio
Fuga (Allegro)

The 52-bar Adagio has a very ominous and foreboding tone; musicologist Robert D. Levin said: “Angular outbursts alternate with an unearthly hush; its suggestions of violence and mysticism make the ensuing geometry of the fugue seem a relief”.^[3] The adagio section is notated in ³
₄ time, and the fugue is written as an Allegro common time.

Composition

The reason for the work's composition remains a mystery, as there is no known commission for it. One theory is that it was composed on a suggestion by F. A. Hoffmeister, who originally published the work. 1788 was also a time of significant contrapuntal composition for Mozart; in that year he composed a five-part fugue in the key of C major, for the finale of his Symphony No. 41 K.551, so possibly fugal ideas were prominent in Mozart's mind at this time.

The autograph of the fugue of K.546 is in the British Library (Add MS 28966). The autograph of the Adagio is missing.^[1]^[4] In modern times, the work is typically played for string quartet, though, a few recordings can be found using the interpreted orchestral version.

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b Ferguson (1999) pp. 11-12.
^ Abert (2007), p. 794
^ Zaslaw (1990), pp. 268-9.
^ Add MS 28966, British Library website, accessed 6 July 2022. The website allows access to digital images of the complete manuscript.

Sources

Abert, Hermann, tr. and ed. Stewart Spencer and Cliff Eisen (2007). W.A. Mozart. New Haven: Yale UP. ISBN 9780300072235
Eisen, Cliff (2006). The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Ferguson, Faye (1999). Neue Mozart-Ausgabe. Kritisicher Bericht. Serie IV Orchesterwerke. Werkgruppe 11:Sinfonien. Band 10: Einzelnstücke. j/11 Adagio und Fuge in C. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag. (In German). Accessed 5 November 2016.
Zaslaw, Neal (1990). The Complete Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393028867