João Pessoa | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
| Município de João Pessoa | |
 João Pessoa skyline | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname(s): Sun Gate Green City California of Brazil | |
| Motto(s): INTREPIDA AB ORIGINE | |
 Location of João Pessoa in the state of Paraíba | |
  João Pessoa Location of João Pessoa in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 07°07′12″S 34°52′48″W / 7.12000°S 34.88000°W | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Northeast |
| State |  Paraíba |
| Founded | August 5, 1585 |
| Government | |
| • Prefeito | Cícero Lucena (PP) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 211.475 km2 (81.651 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 40 m (130 ft) |
| Population (2020 [1]) | |
| • Total | 817,511 |
| • Density | 3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (UTC−3) |
| Postal code | 58000-001 to 58099-999 |
| Area code | +55 83 |
| Website | www |
João Pessoa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w peˈso.ɐ]) is a port city in northeastern Brazil, and is the capital of the state of Paraíba. It is the state's largest city, with an estimated population of 817,511 of inhabitants (2020). It is located on the right bank of the Paraiba do Norte river.[2]
The new "Estação Ciência, Cultura e Artes" (Science, Culture and Art Station),[3] located at the most eastern point of the Americas (Ponta das Seixas), is both an educational and cultural institution as well as a national landmark. The complex, inaugurated in 2008, was created by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and is one of his last projects.
The capital of Paraíba received in 2017 the title of creative city by UNESCO,[4] placing João Pessoa, as "Brazilian city of handicrafts".
History
João Pessoa was founded on August 5, 1585, by the Portuguese settlers. Called "Royal City of Our Lady of the Snows", in honor of the saint of the day he was founded,[5] its first editions were on the banks of the Sanhauá River, a tributary of the Paraíba River, now known as Porto do Varadouro, in the neighborhood of the same name. In 1588, the city was renamed "Philipeia of Our Lady of the Snows", in honor of King Philip II, who, at the time, accumulated the thrones of Spain and Portugal.[6]
In 1634, The Dutch, attracted the sugar wealth of the then capital of the Paraíba, invaded and named it Fredrikstad (Frederick City), in honor of the prince of Orange, Frederick of Orange. After the decline of New Holland and with the departure of the Dutch, the city was again dominated by the Portuguese and acquired the name "Parahyba do Norte" in 1654.[7]
João Pessoa is the third oldest city in Brazil.[8]
Geography
Environment
João Pessoa has a 20 kilometres (12 mi) beachfront.[8]
João Pessoa has many green areas distributed among its avenues, parks, and residential neighborhoods, which support its claim as "the second greenest city in the world" with more than 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) of forested land, second only to Paris. but that's a common misbelief originated from a publicity stunt carried out during Earth Summit by the city's mayor.[9]
Climate
João Pessoa has a dry-summer tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) with very warm temperatures all year long and strong rainfall in most of the months; however, October to December have a rather low rainfall.
| Climate data for João Pessoa (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.8 (91.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.8 (94.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.7 (87.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.8 (91.0) |
34.8 (94.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.2 (86.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.3 (84.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23.7 (74.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 75.8 (2.98) |
108.4 (4.27) |
252.2 (9.93) |
349.8 (13.77) |
307.3 (12.10) |
346.1 (13.63) |
346.2 (13.63) |
183.5 (7.22) |
87.2 (3.43) |
35.4 (1.39) |
24.9 (0.98) |
28.5 (1.12) |
2,145.4 (84.46) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 8 | 9 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 149 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 75 | 81 | 79 | 81 | 81 | 87 | 75 | 77 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 77.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 244.2 | 219.1 | 206.9 | 181.5 | 193.9 | 180.7 | 190.5 | 230.1 | 235.1 | 266.2 | 272.7 | 274.2 | 2,695.1 |
| Source: Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET).[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
According to the IBGE of 2009, there were 801,718 people residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 45.72% White, 38.72% Pardo (two or more races), 2.77% Black, and 0.25% Asian or Amerindian.[19]
Religion
| Religion | Percentage | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Catholic | 74.06% | 442,841 |
| Protestant | 15.92% | 95,191 |
| No religion | 7.41% | 44,332 |
| Spiritist | 1.10% | 6,571 |
Transportation
International airport
Joao Pessoa is served by Presidente Castro Pinto International Airport.[21]
Rail system
The João Pessoa Urban Trains System is operated by diesel components in only one railway line with a 30 km extension spanning 4 municipalities, João Pessoa, Cabedelo, Bayeux and Santa Rita, constituted by the Cabedelo / stretch, with 10 stations in operation, carrying around 10.1 thousand passengers per day. Composed of three locomotives and 17 passenger cars, forming two compositions that carry out 28 daily trips.[22]
Economy
The GDP for the city was R$ 14,841,805 (2010).[23]
The per capita income for the city was R$ 19,284 (2010).[24]
Sister cities
Hartford,[25] United States.- Pompano Beach,[26] United States.
Tourism
- Picãozinho:[27] It is one of the most important sights of the city. São Reef Formation, located about 1,500 meters from Tambaú beach, on the coast of João Pessoa.
- Natural Pools of Seixas Beach:[28] The Seixas Natural Pools, where we find hundreds of species of fish, seaweed, reptiles (sea turtles), mollusks, crustaceans and other marine organisms.
- Penha of Beach:[29] The name of this traditional beach derives from the symbol of one of the greatest religious events in Brazil: the Chapel of Our Lady of Penha. For more than 250 years, thousands of faithful have been accompanying the Penha Procession through the streets of João Pessoa.
- Manaira Beach:[30] It is in the most economically developed neighborhood of Joao Pessoa. The sidewalk foot is commonly used for physical activities and well frequented by tourists and locals who enjoy the unique landscape.
- Beach Tambaú:[31] The sands of Praia de Tambaú are one of the busiest in Joao Pessoa.
- Bessa Beach:[32] In the extreme north of João Pessoa, with 5.3 km of white sands and beats, besides green and calm waters, reefs and coconut trees, beach Bessa is one of the most sought after by tourists.
- Seixas Beach:[33] In this beach is the Eastern End of the Americas. Nationally known as the portion of land closest to the African continent, Praia do Seixas.
- Convention Center Poet Ronaldo Cunha Lima:[34] The convention center of João Pessoa consists of 4 main buildings the Lookout Tower, the Congress and Convention Hall and the Pedra do Reino Theater.
- Espaço Cultural José Lins do Rego: It was built through the project developed by the architect Sérgio Bernardes, and includes the Archidy Picado Gallery, Lutheria, Planetarium, José Lins do Rêgo Museum, Anthenor Navarro Music School, Arena Theater, Paulo Pontes Theater.[35]
Museums
Source:[21]
- Museu Sacro e de Arte Popular, within the São Francisco church.
- Espaço Cultural José Lins do Rego. A cultural centre including history and science museums.
- City Museum. The former Casa da Pólvora, an old gunpowder store.
- Museu Fotográfico Walfredo Rodríguez.
- Bica Natural History Museum[36].
- Museum Foundation house of Jose Américo.[37]
- Hotel Globo Museum:[38] Formerly a luxury hotel in the city, it consists of two buildings of eclectic style, and its lines are influenced by Neo-classical, Art, Nouveau and Art Deco styles. Today it functions as a museum, where it houses the permanent exhibition of part of the furniture of the Hotel, in addition to a collection of popular art, is much visited for its view of the Sanhauá River and the sunset seen from its garden.[citation needed]
Sports
Stadiums
Football
The city is home to Auto Esporte, CSP and Botafogo.
American football
João Pessoa Espectros:[39] It is a football team, has a national title, seven regional and three state. Considered the best football team in the northeastern region of Brazil.[40]
Kayaking
Very Realized on Bessa beach, To reach the 4 km of coral in the blue sea of the "Caribessa", tourists and practitioners can admire the beauties around it.[41]
Surfing
Cradle of great surfers with national prominence, the Paraíba has winning athletes in the most important disputes of the sport.[42]
Diving
The coastline of João Pessoa includes the Alvarenga shipwreck.[43]
- Alvarenga Shipwreck : It is a type of vessel that was used to transport supplies to ships and wrecked 6 miles from the tip of Bessa's beach, 20 meters deep. It remains whole measuring 20 meters in length by 5 meters in the mouth. It is possible to penetrate the small bow and stern compartments safely. On the prow we can still see the winch that picked up the anchor. It is also common to find large stingrays and large shoals of fish, such as the top cock and the hook.[44]
Notes
References
- ^ IBGE 2020
- ^ "Joao Pessoa: Brazil". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ ESTAÇÃO CIÊNCIA, CULTURA e ARTES (in Portuguese). joão pessoa, Brazil: E.C.C.A. 2006. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ "Unesco Creative City title puts João Pessoa on the world tourist route through folk art". City Hall of João Pessoa. November 3, 2017. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
- ^ "História de João Pessoa". UFPB(Federal University of Paraiba). Archived from the original on March 12, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
- ^ "Quatro séculos de história". PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE JOÃO PESSOA. Archived from the original on June 7, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
- ^ "Um pouco da sua história". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipal Government of João Pessoa. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
- ^ a b "Introducing João Pessoa". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
- ^ "Cidade mais verde? Extremo oriental? Saiba o que é verdade sobre João Pessoa" (in Portuguese). G1.
- ^ "Temperatura Média Compensada (°C)" (in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Temperatura Máxima (°C)" (in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Temperatura Mínima (°C)" (in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)" (in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Número de Dias com Precipitação Mayor ou Igual a 1 mm (dias)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on August 27, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Insolação Total (horas)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Umidade Relativa do Ar Média Compensada (%)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Temperatura Máxima Absoluta (ºC)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). Retrieved August 5, 2014.[dead link]
- ^ "Temperatura Mínima Absoluta (ºC)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). Retrieved August 5, 2014.[dead link]
- ^ Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2000 (in Portuguese). João Pessoa, Brazil: IBGE. 2000. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2011. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
- ^ "Religion in João Pessoa by IBGE". Archived from the original on March 23, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
- ^ a b "João Pessoa in Brazil". Footprint Travel Guides. Archived from the original on August 29, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
- ^ "João Pessoa". CBTU-Brazilian company of urban trains. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
- ^ GDP (PDF) (in Portuguese). João Pessoa, Brazil: IBGE. 2005. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ per capita income (PDF) (in Portuguese). João Pessoa, Brazil: IBGE. 2005. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ "MUNICIPALITY OF JOÃO PESSOA". cidade-brasil. Archived from the original on August 27, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "Cities-Sisters – João Pessoa and Pompano Beach". Gazeta News. March 24, 2014. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "PICÃOZINHO". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Archived from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "SEIXAS NATURAL SWIMMING POOLS". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "Penha Beach". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "MANAIR BEACH". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "Beach Tambaú". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "Beach Bessa". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "Seixas Beach". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "ABOUT THE CENTER". Government of Paraiba. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
- ^ Prefeitura de Joao Pessoa. "Espaço Cultural José Lins do Rego". Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ^ "Bica Natural History Museum". Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
- ^ "Museum Foundation house of Jose Américo". Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
- ^ "Hotel Globo". Paraiba Criativa. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
- ^ Hévilla Wanderley (January 2, 2017). "10 years of Espectros: review in photos the decade of the best team in the Northeast". Globo Esporte. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ Hévilla Wanderley (January 4, 2017). "10 anos de Espectros: passeie pela história do time a partir de seus vultos". Globo Esporte. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
- ^ "Caiaque". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
- ^ "SURF". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
- ^ "mergulho". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
- ^ "Naufrágio Alvarenga". Secretary of Tourism of the Municipality of João Pessoa. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
External links
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
João Pessoa travel guide from Wikivoyage- Official Promotional video of João Pessoa | English
Capital: João Pessoa | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mesoregion Agreste Paraibano |
|  | ||||||||||||||||
| Mesoregion Borborema |
| |||||||||||||||||
| Mesoregion Mata Paraibana |
| |||||||||||||||||
| Mesoregion Sertao Paraibano |
| |||||||||||||||||
This page was last edited on 28 February 2021, at 22:14