Ja (Javanese)

ꦗ
ja
Aksara nglegena
Aksara pasangan
Javanese script
Latin orthography	ja
Phoneme	[dʒ]
Unicode	A997

This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

ꦗ is a syllable in Javanese script that represents the sound /dʒɔ/, /dʒa/. It is transliterated to Latin as "ja" or "ya", and sometimes in Indonesian orthography as "jo" or "yo". It has another form (pasangan), which is ◌꧀ꦗ, but represented by a single Unicode code point, U+A997.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Pasangan

Its pasangan form ◌꧀ꦗ, is located on the bottom side of the previous syllable. For example, ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ꦗꦫꦤ꧀ - anak jaran (little horse).

Extended form

The letter ꦗ doesn't have a murda form.

Using cecak telu (ꦗ꦳), the syllable represents /z/.

ꦗ with a cerek (ꦘ) is called Nya murda.

Mahaprana

Mahaprana letters were originally aspirated consonants used in Sanskrit and Kawi transliterations. However, there are no aspirated consonants in modern Javanese. The mahaprana form of ꦗ is ꦙ.

Glyphs

Nglegena forms				Pasangan forms
ꦗ ja	ꦗꦃ jah	ꦗꦁ jang	ꦗꦂ jar	◌꧀ꦗ -ja	◌꧀ꦗꦃ -jah	◌꧀ꦗꦁ -jang	◌꧀ꦗꦂ -jar
ꦗꦺ je	ꦗꦺꦃ jeh	ꦗꦺꦁ jeng	ꦗꦺꦂ jer	◌꧀ꦗꦺ -je	◌꧀ꦗꦺꦃ -jeh	◌꧀ꦗꦺꦁ -jeng	◌꧀ꦗꦺꦂ -jer
ꦗꦼ jê	ꦗꦼꦃ jêh	ꦗꦼꦁ jêng	ꦗꦼꦂ jêr	◌꧀ꦗꦼ -jê	◌꧀ꦗꦼꦃ -jêh	◌꧀ꦗꦼꦁ -jêng	◌꧀ꦗꦼꦂ -jêr
ꦗꦶ ji	ꦗꦶꦃ jih	ꦗꦶꦁ jing	ꦗꦶꦂ jir	◌꧀ꦗꦶ -ji	◌꧀ꦗꦶꦃ -jih	◌꧀ꦗꦶꦁ -jing	◌꧀ꦗꦶꦂ -jir
ꦗꦺꦴ jo	ꦗꦺꦴꦃ joh	ꦗꦺꦴꦁ jong	ꦗꦺꦴꦂ jor	◌꧀ꦗꦺꦴ -jo	◌꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦃ -joh	◌꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦁ -jong	◌꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦂ -jor
ꦗꦸ ju	ꦗꦸꦃ juh	ꦗꦸꦁ jung	ꦗꦸꦂ jur	◌꧀ꦗꦸ -ju	◌꧀ꦗꦸꦃ -juh	◌꧀ꦗꦸꦁ -jung	◌꧀ꦗꦸꦂ -jur
ꦗꦿ jra	ꦗꦿꦃ jrah	ꦗꦿꦁ jrang	ꦗꦿꦂ jrar	◌꧀ꦗꦿ -jra	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦃ -jrah	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦁ -jrang	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦂ -jrar
ꦗꦿꦺ jre	ꦗꦿꦺꦃ jreh	ꦗꦿꦺꦁ jreng	ꦗꦿꦺꦂ jrer	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺ -jre	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺꦃ -jreh	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺꦁ -jreng	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺꦂ -jrer
ꦗꦽ jrê	ꦗꦽꦃ jrêh	ꦗꦽꦁ jrêng	ꦗꦽꦂ jrêr	◌꧀ꦗꦽ -jrê	◌꧀ꦗꦽꦃ -jrêh	◌꧀ꦗꦽꦁ -jrêng	◌꧀ꦗꦽꦂ -jrêr
ꦗꦿꦶ jri	ꦗꦿꦶꦃ jrih	ꦗꦿꦶꦁ jring	ꦗꦿꦶꦂ jrir	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦶ -jri	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦶꦃ -jrih	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦶꦁ -jring	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦶꦂ -jrir
ꦗꦿꦺꦴ jro	ꦗꦿꦺꦴꦃ jroh	ꦗꦿꦺꦴꦁ jrong	ꦗꦿꦺꦴꦂ jror	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺꦴ -jro	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺꦴꦃ -jroh	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺꦴꦁ -jrong	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦺꦴꦂ -jror
ꦗꦿꦸ jru	ꦗꦿꦸꦃ jruh	ꦗꦿꦸꦁ jrung	ꦗꦿꦸꦂ jrur	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦸ -jru	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦸꦃ -jruh	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦸꦁ -jrung	◌꧀ꦗꦿꦸꦂ -jrur
ꦗꦾ jya	ꦗꦾꦃ jyah	ꦗꦾꦁ jyang	ꦗꦾꦂ jyar	◌꧀ꦗꦾ -jya	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦃ -jyah	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦁ -jyang	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦂ -jyar
ꦗꦾꦺ jye	ꦗꦾꦺꦃ jyeh	ꦗꦾꦺꦁ jyeng	ꦗꦾꦺꦂ jyer	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺ -jye	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺꦃ -jyeh	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺꦁ -jyeng	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺꦂ -jyer
ꦗꦾꦼ jyê	ꦗꦾꦼꦃ jyêh	ꦗꦾꦼꦁ jyêng	ꦗꦾꦼꦂ jyêr	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦼ -jyê	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦼꦃ -jyêh	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦼꦁ -jyêng	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦼꦂ -jyêr
ꦗꦾꦶ jyi	ꦗꦾꦶꦃ jyih	ꦗꦾꦶꦁ jying	ꦗꦾꦶꦂ jyir	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦶ -jyi	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦶꦃ -jyih	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦶꦁ -jying	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦶꦂ -jyir
ꦗꦾꦺꦴ jyo	ꦗꦾꦺꦴꦃ jyoh	ꦗꦾꦺꦴꦁ jyong	ꦗꦾꦺꦴꦂ jyor	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺꦴ -jyo	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺꦴꦃ -jyoh	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺꦴꦁ -jyong	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦺꦴꦂ -jyor
ꦗꦾꦸ jyu	ꦗꦾꦸꦃ jyuh	ꦗꦾꦸꦁ jyung	ꦗꦾꦸꦂ jyur	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦸ -jyu	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦸꦃ -jyuh	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦸꦁ -jyung	◌꧀ꦗꦾꦸꦂ -jyur

Other forms
Nglegena forms				Pasangan forms
ꦗ꦳ za	ꦗ꦳ꦃ zah	ꦗ꦳ꦁ zang	ꦗ꦳ꦂ zar	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ -za	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦃ -zah	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦁ -zang	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦂ -zar
ꦗ꦳ꦺ ze	ꦗ꦳ꦺꦃ zeh	ꦗ꦳ꦺꦁ zeng	ꦗ꦳ꦺꦂ zer	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺ -ze	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦃ -zeh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦁ -zeng	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦂ -zer
ꦗ꦳ꦼ zê	ꦗ꦳ꦼꦃ zêh	ꦗ꦳ꦼꦁ zêng	ꦗ꦳ꦼꦂ zêr	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦼ -zê	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦼꦃ -zêh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦼꦁ -zêng	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦼꦂ -zêr
ꦗ꦳ꦶ zi	ꦗ꦳ꦶꦃ zih	ꦗ꦳ꦶꦁ zing	ꦗ꦳ꦶꦂ zir	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦶ -zi	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦶꦃ -zih	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦶꦁ -zing	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦶꦂ -zir
ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴ zo	ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ zoh	ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ zong	ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ zor	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴ -zo	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ -zoh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ -zong	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ -zor
ꦗ꦳ꦸ zu	ꦗ꦳ꦸꦃ zuh	ꦗ꦳ꦸꦁ zung	ꦗ꦳ꦸꦂ zur	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦸ -zu	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦸꦃ -zuh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦸꦁ -zung	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦸꦂ -zur
ꦗ꦳ꦿ zra	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦃ zrah	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦁ zrang	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦂ zrar	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿ -zra	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦃ -zrah	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦁ -zrang	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦂ -zrar
ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺ zre	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ zreh	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ zreng	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ zrer	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺ -zre	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ -zreh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ -zreng	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ -zrer
ꦗ꦳ꦽ zrê	ꦗ꦳ꦽꦃ zrêh	ꦗ꦳ꦽꦁ zrêng	ꦗ꦳ꦽꦂ zrêr	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦽ -zrê	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦽꦃ -zrêh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦽꦁ -zrêng	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦽꦂ -zrêr
ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶ zri	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ zrih	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ zring	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ zrir	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶ -zri	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ -zrih	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ -zring	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ -zrir
ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ zro	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ zroh	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ zrong	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ zror	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ -zro	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ -zroh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ -zrong	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ -zror
ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸ zru	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ zruh	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ zrung	ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ zrur	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸ -zru	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ -zruh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ -zrung	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ -zrur
ꦗ꦳ꦾ zya	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦃ zyah	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦁ zyang	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦂ zyar	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾ -zya	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦃ -zyah	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦁ -zyang	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦂ -zyar
ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺ zye	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ zyeh	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ zyeng	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ zyer	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺ -zye	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ -zyeh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ -zyeng	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ -zyer
ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼ zyê	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ zyêh	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ zyêng	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ zyêr	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼ -zyê	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ -zyêh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ -zyêng	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ -zyêr
ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶ zyi	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ zyih	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ zying	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ zyir	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶ -zyi	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ -zyih	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ -zying	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ -zyir
ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ zyo	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ zyoh	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ zyong	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ zyor	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ -zyo	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ -zyoh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ -zyong	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ -zyor
ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸ zyu	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ zyuh	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ zyung	ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ zyur	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸ -zyu	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ -zyuh	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ -zyung	◌꧀ꦗ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ -zyur

Unicode block

Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

Javanese^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+A98x	ꦀ	ꦁ	ꦂ	ꦃ	ꦄ	ꦅ	ꦆ	ꦇ	ꦈ	ꦉ	ꦊ	ꦋ	ꦌ	ꦍ	ꦎ	ꦏ
U+A99x	ꦐ	ꦑ	ꦒ	ꦓ	ꦔ	ꦕ	ꦖ	ꦗ	ꦘ	ꦙ	ꦚ	ꦛ	ꦜ	ꦝ	ꦞ	ꦟ
U+A9Ax	ꦠ	ꦡ	ꦢ	ꦣ	ꦤ	ꦥ	ꦦ	ꦧ	ꦨ	ꦩ	ꦪ	ꦫ	ꦬ	ꦭ	ꦮ	ꦯ
U+A9Bx	ꦰ	ꦱ	ꦲ	꦳	ꦴ	ꦵ	ꦶ	ꦷ	ꦸ	ꦹ	ꦺ	ꦻ	ꦼ	ꦽ	ꦾ	ꦿ
U+A9Cx	꧀	꧁	꧂	꧃	꧄	꧅	꧆	꧇	꧈	꧉	꧊	꧋	꧌	꧍		ꧏ
U+A9Dx	꧐	꧑	꧒	꧓	꧔	꧕	꧖	꧗	꧘	꧙					꧞	꧟
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

^ Campbell, George L. Compendium of the World's Languages. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge, 2000.
^ Soemarmo, Marmo. "Javanese Script." Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14.Winter (1995): 69-103.
^ Daniels, Peter T and William Bright. The World's Writing Systems. Ed. Peter T Daniels and William Bright. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Javanese language

Overviews

Language
History
Script

Development

Scripts

Notable variant

Standardized	Kawi Modern Standard Javanese
Regional dialects	Arekan Malang Surabaya Bantenese Banyumasan Cirebon Mataraman Madiunan Semarangan Surakarta Yogyakarta New Caledonian Surinamese Osing Tenggerese

Letters of the Aksara Jawa
Nglegena consonants	Ha (ꦲ) Na (ꦤ) Ca (ꦕ) Ra (ꦫ) Ka (ꦏ) Da (ꦢ) Ta (ꦠ) Sa (ꦱ) Wa (ꦮ) La (ꦭ) Pa (ꦥ) Dha (ꦢ) Ja (ꦗ) Ya (ꦪ) Nya (ꦚ) Ma (ꦩ) Ga (ꦒ) Ba (ꦧ) Tha (ꦛ) Nga (ꦔ)
Murda consonants	Ka murda (ꦑ) Ga murda (ꦓ) Na murda (ꦟ) Ta murda (ꦡ) Pa murda (ꦦ) Ba murda (ꦨ) Sa murda (ꦯ) Seldom used: Ca murda (ꦖ) Nya murda (ꦘ)
Extended consonants	Often used: Pa cerek (ꦉ) Nga lelet (ꦊ) Seldom used: Nga lelet Raswadi (ꦋ) Ra agung (ꦬ) Ka sasak (ꦐ) Ja mahaprana (ꦙ) Tha mahaprana (ꦜ) Dha mahaprana (ꦞ) Da mahaprana (ꦣ) Sa mahaprana (ꦰ)
Final and Medial Consonants	Cecak (ꦁ) Layar (ꦂ) Wignyan/visarga (ꦃ) Cakra (ꦿ) Cakra keret (ꦽ) Pengkal (ꦾ) Pangkon/virama (꧀)
Vowels	Wulu (ꦶ) Suku (ꦸ) Pepet (ꦼ) Taling (ꦺ) Tarung (ꦴ) Tolong (ꦵ) Dirga mure (ꦻ) Wulu melik (ꦷ) Suku mendut (ꦹ) Foreign: A (ꦄ) I (ꦆ) U (ꦈ) E (ꦌ) Ai (ꦍ) O (ꦎ)
Numbers	0 (꧐) 1 (꧑) 2 (꧒) 3 (꧓) 4 (꧔) 5 (꧕) 6 (꧖) 7 (꧗) 8 (꧘) 9 (꧙) Pada pangkat (꧇)
Punctuations	Pada lingsa (꧈) Pada lungsi (꧉) Pada adeg (꧊) Pada adeg-adeg (꧋) Pada piseleh (꧌ and ꧍) Pada luhur (꧅) Pada madya (꧄) Pada andhap (꧃) Pada tirta tumetes (꧞) Pada isen-isen (꧟) Pada windu (꧆) Pangrangkep (ꧏ) Cecak telu (꦳) Panyangga (ꦀ) Rerenggan (꧁ and ꧂)

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