To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
Languages
Recent
Show all languages
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A prostagma (Greek: πρόσταγμα) or prostaxis (πρόσταξις), both meaning "order, command", were documents issued by the Byzantine imperial chancery bearing an imperial decision or command, usually on administrative matters.

Prostaxis was the common term in the 11th–13th centuries, when it was replaced by prostagma. The earliest such document to survive dates to 1214, however.[1] They were usually short documents, signed by the Byzantine emperor with the menologem in red ink, and usually with the emperor's wax seal. The prostagmata of the Emperors of Trebizond were signed with an abridged form of the imperial signature.[1] Similar documents issued by the Despots were termed horismos, while those of the Patriarch of Constantinople or other state officials were variously termed [para]keleusis, entalma, grama, etc.[1] Serbian rulers also issued prostagmata.[2]

The prostagmata were used for "transmitting orders, [..] granting privileges, for legislating and for regulating, for attesting an oath taken by the emperor (horkomotikon prostagma)", as well as "for appointing individuals to administrative positions, or for granting honorific titles", replacing the probatoriae and codicilli inherited from late Roman practice and used until the 10th century.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Oikonomidès 1991, p. 1740.
  2. ^ Ostrogorsky 1968, pp. 245–257.

Sources

  • Oikonomidès, Nicolas (1985). "La chancellerie impériale de Byzance du 13e au 15e siècle" [The Imperial Chancery of Byzantium from the 13th to the 15th Centuries]. Revue des études byzantines (in French). 43: 167–195. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1985.2171.
  • Oikonomidès, Nicolas (1991). "Prostagma". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1740. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
  • Ostrogorsky, George (1968). "Prostagme srpskih vladara" [The Prostagmas of the Serbian Rulers]. Prilozi za književnost, jezik, istoriju ifołklor (in Serbo-Croatian). 34: 245–257.
This page was last edited on 27 April 2021, at 00:39
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.