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Intertrappean Beds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Intertrappean Beds
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian-Danian, 66.1–65.9 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofDeccan Traps
OverliesInfratrappean Beds
Location
RegionMadhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka[1]
CountryIndia

The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene geologic formation in India. The beds are found as interbeds between Deccan Traps layers, including the slightly older Lameta Formation. The formation spans the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, with a stratigraphic range of only a few hundred thousand years before and after the boundary, and a significant debate exists about whether specific sites belong to the Cretaceous or the Paleocene.[2][1]

Many mostly fragmentary fossils, especially of small vertebrates, are known from the formation.[3] Indeterminate theropod and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, as well as dinosaur eggs.[4][5] The mammal genera Deccanolestes, Sahnitherium, Bharattherium, Indoclemensia, Indotriconodon and Kharmerungulatum have been recovered from several localities.[6] The Bamanbor locality in Gujarat preserves articulated freshwater fish specimens.[7][8] A rich plant flora is known from the formation.

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Transcription

Paleobiota

Fish

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Anthracoperca A. bhatiai Naskal, Rangapur Otolith A percoid otolith
Apateodus A. striatus Asifabad[9] An enchodontoid aulopiform.
Ariidae incertae sedis Naskal, Rangapur, Anjar Otolith An ariid catfish otolith
?Belonostomus B. indicus Nagpur[3][10] An aspidorhynchid
Coupatezia C. sp Asifabad[9] An eagle ray
Cyprinidae incertae sedis Deothan-Kheri A cyprinid
Dapalis D. erici Rangapur Otolith A serranid otolith
"Eotrigonodon" "E." wardhaensis Asifabad[9] Initially described as tetraodontiform, but likely represent grasping teeth of pycnodonts.[11]
Enchodus E. sp Asifabad[9] An enchodontoid aulopiform.
Horaclupea H. intertrappea Bamanbor[7] Complete skeleton A clupeid.
Igdabatis I. indicus Kisalpuri & Piplanarayanwar[12][13] An eagle ray
Indiaichthys I. bamanborensis Bamanbor[8] Multiple complete skeletons A possible percoid.[14]
"Indotrigonodon" "I." ovatus Asifabad[9] Initially described as tetraodontiform, but likely represent grasping teeth of pycnodonts.[11]
"Lepidotes" "L." sp Asifabad[9] A lepisosteiform
Lepisosteus L. indicus Kisalpuri & Piplanarayanwar[12][13] A gar
Nandidae incertae sedis Deothan-Kheri A nandid
Osteoglossidae incertae sedis Kisalpuri & Piplanarayanwar[12][13] An osteoglossid of uncertain affinities
Palaeolabrus P. dormaalensis Asifabad[9]
Palaeopristolepis P. chiplonkari Bamanbor[7] Multiple partial skeletons A questionable leaffish[14]
P. feddeni
"Perca" "P." angusta Bamanbor[7] Skull A possible percoid, classification very doubtful[14]
Percomorpha incertae sedis Bamanbor[8] Partial skeleton A percomorph of uncertain affinities.
Phareodus P. sp. Asifabad, Naskal & Marepalli[9] A bonytongue
Polycanthidae incertae sedis Deothan-Kheri
"Pisdurodon" "P." spatulatus Asifabad[9] Initially described as tetraodontiform, but likely represent grasping teeth of pycnodonts.[11]
Pycnodontidae incertae sedis Kisalpuri & Piplanarayanwar[12][13] A pycnodontid of uncertain affinities
"Pycnodus" "P." lametae Asifabad[9] A pycnodontid
Raja R. sudhakari Asifabad[9] A skate
Rhombodus R. sp. Asifabad[9] A stingray
Serranidae incertae sedis Deothan-Kheri A serranid
Siluriformes incertae sedis Kisalpuri & Piplanarayanwar[12][13] A catfish of uncertain affinities
Sphenodus S. sp. Asifabad[9] A shark
Stephanodus S. lybicus Asifabad & Marepalli[9] A pycnodontid

Otolith-based taxa[15]

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
"Ambassidarum" A. cappettai Nagpur Otolith An ambassid otolith
"Apogonidarum" A. curvatus Naskal, Rangapur Otolith A cardinalfish otolith
"Blenniidarum" B. sp Rangapur Otolith A blenny otolith
?"Centropomidarum" C. takliensis Nagpur Otolith A possible snook otolith
"Clupeidarum" C. valdiyai Nagpur, Rangapur Otolith A clupeid otolith
C. sahnii
"Gonorhynchidarum" G. rectangulus Nagpur, Rangapur Otolith A gonorynchid otolith
"Heterotidinarum" H. heterotoides Naskal Otolith An arapaimine otolith
"Notopteridarum" N. nolfi Naskal, Rangapur, Cheemalagutta Otolith A notopterid otolith
"Osteoglossidarum" O. deccanensis Naskal, Otolith An osteoglossid otolith
O. intertrappus
"Percoideorum" P. citreum Naskal, Nagpur, Rangapur Otolith Percoid otoliths
P. nagpurensis
P. rangapurensis
?"Pristolepidinarum" P. jaegeri Nag Otolith A possible pristolepid otolith
"Serranidarum" S. sp. Anjar Otolith A serranid otolith

Amphibians

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Gobiatidae incertae sedis Naskal A gobiatid frog[3][16]
"Hemisotidae"/"Leptodactylidae" incertae sedis Naskal A frog of uncertain affinities[3][16]
Indobatrachus I. pusillus Worli Hill Multiple complete skeletons[17] A frog of uncertain affinities
Pelobatidae incertae sedis Nagpur A pelobatid frog[3]
Ranoidea incertae sedis Naskal A ranoid frog[3][16]

Turtles

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Carteremys C. leithii Worli Hill Carapace, plastron, skull and partial mandible A turtle of uncertain affinities
Sankuchemys S. sethnai Amboli Quarry[18] Skull[18] A bothremydid

Lepidosaurs

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Acrosphenodontia Incertae sedis Naskal[19] Dentary with teeth.[19] An indeterminate rhynchocephalian
"Agama" A. sp. Rangapur An indeterminate agamid lizard
Anguidae Incertae sedis Naskal An indeterminate anguid lizard[16]
?Caudata Incertae sedis A possible salamander.[16]
?"Contogenys" ?"C." sp. Nagpur An indeterminate scincomorph lizard[16]
Deccansaurus D. palaeoindicus Kesavi[20] Jaws & several osteoderms[20] A scincoid lizard
?"Exostinus" "E." estestai Nagpur An indeterminate xenosaurid lizard[16]
"Eumeces" "E." sp. Rangapur An indeterminate scincid lizard[16]
Indophis I. sahnii Naskal[21] Over 160 vertebrae[21] A nigerophiid snake
"Litakis" "L." sp. Nagpur An indeterminate lizard
"Pristiguana" "P." sp. Nagpur An indeterminate iguanid lizard
Serpentes Incertae sedis Naskal[21] A trunk vertebra & left dentary[21] A snake

Crocodyliforms

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Crocodylidae incertae sedis Worli Hill[3] A crocodylid crocodyliform.
Dyrosauridae incertae sedis Kisalpuri[22] Partial mandible, frontal, and vertebrae A dyrosaurid crocodyliform.

Dinosaurs

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
?"Hypselosaurus" "H." sp Mohgaon Kalan[3] A titanosaurian sauropod
Sauropoda Incertae sedis Asifabad, Ranipur, Anjar[3] Bones Sauropod bones

Oogenera

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Megaloolithus baghensis Kisalpuri[12] Eggshell fragments A Titanosaur egg.
Subtiliolithus kachhensis Kisalpuri[12] Eggshell fragments A Enantiornithine bird egg.

Pterosaurs

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Pterosauria incertae sedis Sirol-khal locality[5] An indeterminate dentulous pterosaur. May not be from the Maastrichtian.[23]

Mammals

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Bharattherium B. bonapartei Kisalpuri Sudamericid
Deccanolestes D. hislopi Naskal microvertebrate site Molars, calcanea, astralgi, humerus, ulna Eutherian
D. robustus Naskal microvertebrate site "Dental material and an astragalus"
D. narmadensis Kisalpuri
Indoclemensia I. naskalensis Naskal microvertebrate site[1]
I. magnus Naskal microvertebrate site[1]
Indotriconodon I. magnus Kutch[24] Eutriconodonta
Kharmerungulatum K. vanvaleni Kisalpuri[25] Eutherian
Sahnitherium S. rangapurensis Rangapur microvertebrate site[26] Upper Molar

Flora

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Connaroxylon C. dimorphum Dhagaon, Mandla district[27] Wood[27] Affinities with Connaraceae.
Euphorbiotheca E. deccanensis Fruit, member of Euphorbiaceae[28]
Hyphaeneocarpon Fruit, member of palm tribe Borasseae.[29]
Palmocarpon Fruit, member of palm tribe Cocoseae.[30]
Palmoxylon P. dindoriensis Wood, member of palm subfamily Coryphoideae.[31]
Pantocarpon Fruit, member of Torricelliaceae[32]
Phyllanthocarpon P. singpurensis Fruit, member of Phyllanthaceae.[33]
Rhizopalamoxylon Palm rhizome, close affinities to Nypa.[34]
Pediastrum Algae.[35]
Lecaniella Algae.[35]
Pierceites P. deccanensis A Dinocyst.[35]
Aulacoseira A Diatom.[35]
Azolla Member of Salviniaceae.[35]
Crybelosporites Member of Marsileaceae.[35]
Sparganiaceaepollenites Pollen grains, Member of [35]Sparganiaceae/Typhaceae.
Marsilea  Member Marsileaceae.[35]
Regnellidium Member of Marsileaceae.[35]
Nymphaeaceae indet.[35]
Typhaceae indet.[35]
Liliaceae indet.[35]
Acanthaceae indet.[35]
Pontederiaceae indet.[35]
Ovoidites Member of Zygnemataceae.[35]
Gabonisporis Pollen grains, member of Marsileaceae.[35]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d Wilson Mantilla, Gregory P.; Renne, Paul R.; Samant, Bandana; Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Dhobale, Anup; Tholt, Andrew J.; Tobin, Thomas S.; Widdowson, Mike; Anantharaman, S.; Dassarma, Dilip Chandra; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2022-04-01). "New mammals from the Naskal intertrappean site and the age of India's earliest eutherians". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 591: 110857. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110857. ISSN 0031-0182.
  2. ^ Khosla, Ashu; Verma, Omkar; Kania, Sachin; Lucas, Spencer (2023). "Microbiota from the Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeocene Boundary Transition in the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India". Topics in Geobiology. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28855-5. ISSN 0275-0120.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prasad, Guntupalli V.R.; Sahni, Ashok (2014), "Vertebrate fauna from the Deccan volcanic province: Response to volcanic activity", Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects, Geological Society of America, doi:10.1130/2014.2505(09), ISBN 978-0-8137-2505-5, retrieved 2024-04-03
  4. ^ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
  5. ^ a b Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.[1]
  6. ^ "MESOZOIC MAMMALS; Basal Eutheria Two, an internet directory". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  7. ^ a b c d Borkar, V. D. (1973-10-01). "Fossil fishes from the Inter-trappean beds of Surendranagar District, Saurashtra". Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences. 78 (4): 181–193. doi:10.1007/BF03045500. ISSN 0370-0097.
  8. ^ a b c Arratia, G; López-Arbarello, A; Prasad, GVR; Parnar, V; Kriwet, J (2004), Arratia, G; Wilson, MVH; Cloutier, R (eds.), "Late Cretaceous-Paleocene percomorphs (Teleostei) from India - Early radiation of Perciformes", Recent advances in the origin and early radiation of vertebrates, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany, pp. 635–655, ISBN 978-3-89937-052-2, retrieved 2024-04-03
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Prasad, G. V. R. (1989-08-01). "Vertebrate Fauna From the Infra- and Inter-trappean Beds of Andhra Pradesh: Age Implications". Geological Society of India. 34 (2): 161–173. ISSN 0974-6889.
  10. ^ "Mineralienatlas - Fossilienatlas". www.mineralienatlas.de. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  11. ^ a b c Verma, Omkar; Khosla, Ashu; Kaur, Jasdeep; Prashanth, M. (2017-02-17). "Myliobatid and pycnodont fish from the Late Cretaceous of Central India and their paleobiogeographic implications". Historical Biology. 29 (2): 253–265. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1154954. ISSN 0891-2963.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Khosla, A.; Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Jain, A. K.; Sahni, A. (2004-08-10). "Discovery of a micromammal-yielding Deccan intertrappean site near Kisalpuri, Dindori District, Madhya Pradesh" (PDF). Current Science. 87 (3): 380–383. ISSN 0011-3891.
  13. ^ a b c d e Lourembam, Ranjit Singh; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Grover, Pooja (2017). "Ichthyofauna (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Upper Cretaceous intertrappean beds of Piplanarayanwar, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India". Island Arc. 26 (1). doi:10.1111/iar.12180. ISSN 1038-4871.
  14. ^ a b c Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2023.002. ISSN 1374-8505.
  15. ^ Nolf, Dirk; Rana, R. S.; Prasad, G. V. R. (2008). "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian fish otoliths from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds, India: a revision". Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 78: 239–259.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Rage, Jean-Claude; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Verma, Omkar; Khosla, Ashu; Parmar, Varun (2020), Prasad, Guntupalli V.R.; Patnaik, Rajeev (eds.), "Anuran Lissamphibian and Squamate Reptiles from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Deccan Intertrappean Sites in Central India, with a Review of Lissamphibian and Squamate Diversity in the Northward Drifting Indian Plate", Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up–A Tribute to Ashok Sahni, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 99–121, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49753-8_6, ISBN 978-3-030-49753-8, retrieved 2024-04-03
  17. ^ Noble, G. K. (1930-02-08). "The fossil frogs of the intertrappean beds of Bombay, India". American Museum Novitates (401): 1–13.
  18. ^ a b Gaffney, Eugene S. (2003). Sankuchemys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides, Bothremydidae) from the late Cretaceous of India. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History.
  19. ^ a b Anantharaman, S.; DeMar, David G.; Sivakumar, R.; Dassarma, Dilip Chandra; Wilson Mantilla, Gregory P.; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2022-06-30). "First rhynchocephalian (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) from the Cretaceous–Paleogene of India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2118059. ISSN 0272-4634.
  20. ^ a b Yadav, Ravi; Bajpai, Sunil; Maurya, A.S.; Čerňanský, Andrej (June 2023). "The first potential cordyliform (Squamata, Scincoidea) from India (uppermost Cretaceous – lowermost Paleocene): an African lizard clade brings possible implications for Indo-Madagascar biogeographic links". Cretaceous Research: 105606. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105606.
  21. ^ a b c d Rage, Jean-Claude; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R. (November 1992). "New snakes from the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Naskal, India". N. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. Abh. 187 (1): 83–97.
  22. ^ Khosla, Ashu; Sertich, Joseph J. W.; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Verma, Omkar (2009-12-12). "Dyrosaurid remains from the Intertrappean Beds of India and the Late Cretaceous distribution of Dyrosauridae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1321–1326. doi:10.1671/039.029.0416. ISSN 0272-4634.
  23. ^ Pentland, Adele H.; Poropat, Stephen F. (2023-07-01). "A review of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Gondwanan pterosaur record". Gondwana Research. 119: 341–383. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.03.005. ISSN 1342-937X.
  24. ^ Bajpai, Sunil; Rautela, Abhay; Yadav, Ravi; Mantilla, Gregory P. Wilson (29 February 2024). "The first eutriconodontan mammal from the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleongoloy. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2312234.
  25. ^ Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Sahni, A.; Parmar, V.; Khosla, A. (2007-11-09). "A Cretaceous Hoofed Mammal from India". Science. 318 (5852): 937–937. doi:10.1126/science.1149267. ISSN 0036-8075.
  26. ^ Rana, Rajendra S.; Wilson, Gregory P. (2003). "New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 48 (3): 331–348.
  27. ^ a b Baas, Pieter; Manchester, Steven R.; Wheeler, Elisabeth A.; Srivastava, Rashmi (2017-02-13). "Fossil wood with dimorphic fibers from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India – the oldest fossil Connaraceae?". IAWA Journal. 38 (1): 124–133. doi:10.1163/22941932-20170162. ISSN 0928-1541. S2CID 91159009.
  28. ^ Reback, Rachel G.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Wurdack, Ken; Manchester, Steven R. (2022-02-01). "Fruits of Euphorbiaceae from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 183 (2): 128–138. doi:10.1086/717691. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 239507275.
  29. ^ Matsunaga, Kelly K S; Manchester, Steven R; Srivastava, Rashmi; Kapgate, Dashrath K; Smith, Selena Y (2019-06-21). "Fossil palm fruits from India indicate a Cretaceous origin of Arecaceae tribe Borasseae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 190 (3): 260–280. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boz019. ISSN 0024-4074.
  30. ^ Manchester, Steven R.; Bonde, Suresh D.; Nipunage, Dinesh S.; Srivatava, Rashmi; Mehrotra, Rakesh C.; Smith, Selena Y. (2016-07-19). "Trilocular Palm Fruits from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177 (7): 633–641. doi:10.1086/687290. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 88667232.
  31. ^ Khan, Mahasin Ali; Roy, Kaustav; Hazra, Taposhi; Mahato, Sumana; Bera, Subir (2020-01-01). "A New Coryphoid Palm from the Maastrichtian-Danian Sediments of Madhya Pradesh and its Palaeoenvironmental Implications". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 95 (1): 75–83. doi:10.1007/s12594-020-1388-1. ISSN 0974-6889. S2CID 210134584.
  32. ^ Manchester, Steven R.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Patil, Sharadkumar P.; Ramteke, Deepak; Matsunaga, Kelly K.S.; Smith, Selena Y. (2019-10-23). "Morphology and Affinities of Pantocarpon Fruits (cf. Apiales: Torricelliaceae) from the Maastrichtian Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 181 (4): 443–451. doi:10.1086/706856. ISSN 1058-5893.
  33. ^ Kapgate, Dashrath; Manchester, Steven R.; Stuppy, Wolfgang (2017-06-01). "Oldest fruit of Phyllanthaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Singpur, Madhya Pradesh, India" (PDF). Acta Palaeobotanica. 57 (1): 33–38. doi:10.1515/acpa-2017-0004. ISSN 2082-0259.
  34. ^ Kathal, P. K.; Srivastava, Rashmi; Mehrotra, R. C.; Alexander, P. O. (2017-03-29). "Rhizopalmoxylon nypoides – a new palm root from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India". Journal of Earth System Science. 126 (3): 35. Bibcode:2017JESS..126...35K. doi:10.1007/s12040-017-0815-1. ISSN 0973-774X.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Samant, Bandana; Puranik, Sumedha; Kapgate, D. K.; Mohabey, D. M.; Dhobale, Anup (2022-11-01). "Palynoflora from an Upper Cretaceous freshwater paleolake in central India: paleoecological implications". Cretaceous Research. 139: 105302. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105302. ISSN 0195-6671.

References

  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
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