| Paraceratheriidae Temporal range: Middle Eocene to Late Oligocene,
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|---|---|
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| Skeleton of Paraceratherium | |
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| Skeleton of Juxia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Superfamily: | Rhinocerotoidea |
| Family: | †Paraceratheriidae Osborn, 1923 |
| Subgroups | |
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Paraceratheriidae is an extinct family of long-limbed, hornless rhinocerotoids native to Asia and Eastern Europe[3] that originated in the Eocene epoch and lived until the end of the Oligocene.
The earliest paraceratheres like Juxia were comparable in size with living rhinoceroses with a body mass of three quarters to one and a half tons, while later members grew substantially larger, with the largest representatives (Paraceratherium, Dzungariotherium) estimated to have a body mass of 17 to possibly over 20 tonnes, making them the largest land mammals to have ever lived.[4][5]
Their range spanned from Eastern Europe in the west, the Indian subcontinent in the south, to Northern China in the east.[3]
They are thought to have been primarily browsers.[6]
Although considered a subfamily of the family Hyracodontidae by some authors, recent authors treat the paraceratheres as a distinct family, Paraceratheriidae (Wang et al. 2016 recover hyracodonts as more basal than paraceratheres).[7][8] Paraceratheriidae is generally recovered as the sister group of Rhinocerotidae, the group which contains modern rhinoceroses.[3]
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Extinct mammals: The Indricothere
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Giant Rhino Paraceratherium Fossil Discovered in China l Largest Mammal on Earth l Link with India?
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References
- ^ Lucas, S.G.; Sobus, J.C. (1989). "The Systematics of Indricotheres". In Prothero, D. R.; Schoch, R. M. (eds.). The Evolution of Perissodactyls. New York, New York & Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 358–378. ISBN 978-0-19-506039-3. OCLC 19268080.
- ^ Wood, H.E. (1963). "A Primitive Rhinoceros from the Late Eocene of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (2146): 1–12.
- ^ a b c Deng, Tao; Lu, Xiaokang; Wang, Shiqi; Flynn, Lawrence J.; Sun, Danhui; He, Wen; Chen, Shanqin (2021-06-17). "An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into Paraceratherium evolution". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 639. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02170-6. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8211792. PMID 34140631.
- ^ Larramendi, A. (2016). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014.
- ^ Li, Shijie; Jiangzuo, Qigao; Deng, Tao (2022-07-06). "Body mass of the giant rhinos (Paraceratheriinae, Mammalia) and its tendency in evolution". Historical Biology: 1–12. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2095908. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 250366746.
- ^ Martin, C.; Bentaleb, I.; Antoine, P. -O. (2011). "Pakistan mammal tooth stable isotopes show paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes since the early Oligocene". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 311 (1–2): 19–29. Bibcode:2011PPP...311...19M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.010.
- ^ Z. Qiu and B. Wang. 2007. Paracerathere Fossils of China. Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C 193(29):1-396
- ^ Wang, H.; Bai, B.; Meng, J.; Wang, Y. (2016). "Earliest known unequivocal rhinocerotoid sheds new light on the origin of Giant Rhinos and phylogeny of early rhinocerotoids". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 39607. Bibcode:2016NatSR...639607W. doi:10.1038/srep39607. PMC 5175171. PMID 28000789.
This page was last edited on 31 March 2024, at 23:05