Indonesia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both nations view their counterpart as strategic partners in each other's regions; Indonesia in Southeast Asia and Mexico in Latin America.[1] Both nations are mutual members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation, Group of 15, G-20 major economies, MIKTA, United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
History
The first contact between both nations would have taken place with the Manila‑Acapulco Galleon between Acapulco, Mexico and Manila (capital of the Spanish crown in the Philippines). During the Spanish occupation of the Papuan speaking Indonesian Sultanates of Ternate and Tidore in the Moluccas, the Spanish used soldiers recruited from the Philippines and Mexico to occupy those Indonesian kingdoms.[2] There is also the curious case of the Indonesia-born soldier, Alexo de Castro of the Moluccas; being tried before the Mexican Inquisition for Crypto-Islam.[3] Spanish traded with the Dutch and Portuguese ports in South-East Asia, and returned to Mexico with goods (and people) from the region. In August 1945, Indonesia obtained its independence from the Netherlands. On 6 April 1953, Indonesia and Mexico established diplomatic relations.[4] Soon afterwards, the Mexican ambassador resident in Tokyo, Japan was accredited to Indonesia. It was not until 1961 that Mexico named a resident ambassador to Indonesia.[4] In 1959, President Sukarno became the first Indonesian head-of-state to visit Mexico. In 1962, Mexican President Adolfo López Mateos paid an official visit to Indonesia.[4]
Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono paid an official visit to Mexico in 2008 and again in 2012 to attend the APEC summit in Los Cabos.[5] During his 2008 visit, President Yudhoyono signed a number of agreements in education, agriculture, promotion of trade and in energy cooperation. In May 2013, Indonesian Foreign Affair Minister Marty Natalegawa paid a visit to Mexico to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Indonesia-Mexico diplomatic relations.[5] To commemorate this event, the Mexican and Indonesian Post Office issued a joint stamp illustrating animals as the symbol of both nations; the Mexican Jaguar (Panthera onca hernandesii) and Indonesian Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi).[6] In 2013, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto paid a visit to Bali to attend the APEC summit.[5]
In July 2022, Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard paid a visit to Bali and attended the G20 summit for foreign ministers. While in Bali, Ebrard also met with the Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi and both ministers attended a meeting between MIKTA member nations.[7] In November 2022, Foreign Minister Ebrard returned to Indonesia to attend the G20 Bali Summit.[8]
In April 2023, both nations celebrated 70 years of diplomatic relations.[9]
High-level visits
High-level visits from Indonesia to Mexico
- President Sukarno (1959, 1960, 1961)
- President Suharto (1991)
- President Abdurrahman Wahid (2000)
- President Megawati Soekarnoputri (2002)
- President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2008, 2012)
- Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa (2013)
High-level visits from Mexico to Indonesia
- President Adolfo López Mateos (1962)
- President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1994)
- President Enrique Peña Nieto (2013)
- Foreign Minister José Antonio Meade (2013)
- Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard (July and November 2022)
Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements, such as an Agreement on the establishment of trade between Indonesia and Mexico (1961); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1998); Agreement on Educational and Cultural Cooperation (2001); Memorandum on the establishment of mutual bilateral consultations between both nations (2001); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double-Taxation and Tax Evasion (2004); Agreement of Cooperation in Combating Drug Trafficking, Psychotropic Substances and Chemical Precursors (2011); Memorandum of Understanding in Combating Transnational Crimes and Capacity Development (2011); Agreement on Air Transportation Services (2013); Memorandum of Understanding in Health and Tourism Cooperation (2013) and a Memorandum of Understanding in Export Credit Cooperation between Bancomext and Eximbank of Indonesia (2013).[5] Since the signing of the Memorandum establishing bilateral consultations (2001), both countries have held seven bilateral consultation with the last one held in December 2020 through virtual manner due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trade relations
In 2018, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$1.7 billion.[10] Indonesia main exports products include: textiles, rubber, palm oil and gold. Mexico's main export products include: silver, copper, cotton, tractors, computer parts and petroleum based products.[5] Mexican multinational company, KidZania operates in Indonesia.[11] As part of the Asia-Pacific region, Indonesia is one of Mexico's main economic diversification targets. On the other hand, Indonesia also views Mexico as an important non-traditional trading partner in the Latin American region.
Cultural and educational
The Government of Mexico offers the SRE (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Postgraduate Scholarship for Indonesians who want to study a postgraduate in Mexico. The Government of Indonesia offers Darmasiswa cultural scholarships so that young Mexicans can learn the Indonesian culture (language, music, theater, batik, dance, etc.) as well as the KNB scholarship for postgraduate level. Currently there exist several groups of Indonesian art and culture in Mexico, starting in 2002 when Fitra Ismu Kusumo[12] founded the group Indra Swara[13] for promoting the art of music (gamelan) and wayang puppets of Indonesia;[14][15] in 2005 Maestra Graciela Lopez founded the Indonesian traditional dance group ¨Tari Bali¨; and then in 2015 another dance group was founded called ¨Mirah Delima¨. There are also the Pencak Silat martial arts groups led by Maestro Ramon Yee, Maestro Hector Becerril, and Maestro Raymundo Wong, as well as the batik art school founded by Master Francisco Sorensic.[16]
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Wayang kulit Indra Swara in Spanish language-CCU Tlatelolco UNAM -
Gamelan group Indra Swara in Mexico
Resident diplomatic missions
- Indonesia has an embassy in Mexico City.[17]
- Mexico has an embassy in Jakarta.[18]
References
- ^ The Jakarta Post:Mexico, Indonesia are still good friends after 55 years
- ^ Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r −428 v ; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r −41 v .
- ^ Transpacific Mestizo: Religion and Caste in the Worlds of a Moluccan Prisoner of the Mexican Inquisition by Cambridge University Press: 18 January 2016
- ^ a b c History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Indonesia (in Spanish)
- ^ a b c d e Bilateral relations between Mexico and Indonesia (in Spanish)
- ^ 60 Years of Indonesia-Mexico Diplomatic Relations joint stamp issue
- ^ El canciller Ebrard participa en la reunión del G20 en Bali (in Spanish)
- ^ Foreign Minister Ebrard hits the road for COP27 and G20 Leaders’ Summit
- ^ México e Indonesia celebran 70 años de relaciones diplomáticas (in Spanish)
- ^ Mexican Ministry of Economy: Indonesia (in Spanish)
- ^ La Ciudad de los Niños llega a Indonesia y Kuwait (in Spanish)
- ^ Purnamasari, Febi (2014). "Pertunjukan Unik Grup Wayang Meksiko Chipotle Teatro - NET12". Inspirasi-Inspiring Person (in Indonesian). NETMEDIA Indonesia. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
- ^ Sánchez, Karla Iberia (2014). "Titere de Sombras de Indonesia". Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). TELEVISA. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ Indra Swara Festejo dia de niños, Mexico City, May 1, 2017, p. Cultura
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Wayang grupo Indra Swara, Mexico City, December 1, 2016
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Indra Swara - Arte y Cultura de Indonesia, Mexico City, February 19, 2015, archived from the original on November 19, 2019, retrieved February 27, 2018
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Embassy of Indonesia in Mexico City
- ^ Embassy of Mexico in Jakarta
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This page was last edited on 4 February 2024, at 19:37