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List of critically endangered plants

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

45 extinct in the wild plant species (0.1%)5702 critically endangered plant species (8.6%)10901 endangered plant species (16.4%)9673 vulnerable plant species (14.5%)4160 near threatened plant species (6.3%)30554 least concern plant species (45.9%)5371 data deficient plant species (8.1%)
Plant species (IUCN, 2023-1)
  • 66,406 extant species have been evaluated
  • 61,035 of those are fully assessed[a]
  • 34,588 are not threatened at present[b]
  • 26,276 are threatened[c]
  • 174 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
    • 129 extinct (EX) species[d]
    • 45 extinct in the wild (EW)
    • 569 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
    • 48 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]
  1. ^ excludes data deficient evaluations.
  2. ^ NT, LR/cd, LC.
  3. ^ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU.
  4. ^ Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Critically Endangered (CR) species face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

As of December 2023, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 5702 plant species categorized as Critically Endangered, including 569 which are tagged as possibly extinct and 48 possibly extinct in the wild.[1][2] 8.6% of all evaluated plant species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 284 subspecies and varieties as critically endangered.

Additionally 5371 plant species (8.1% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[3] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[4]

This is a complete list of critically endangered plant species, subspecies and varieties evaluated by the IUCN. Species considered possibly extinct by the IUCN are marked as such.

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  • Endangered plants of the world part 1
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  • 2.5 IUCN Red List - Critically Endangered & other Threatened Species for UPSC Prelims 2020
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Transcription

Algae

  • Galaxaura barbata (possibly extinct)
  • Gracilaria skottsbergii
  • Laurencia oppositocladia
  • Myriogramme kylinii
  • Phycodrina elegans (possibly extinct)
  • Schizymenia ecuadoreana

Bryophytes

There are 23 bryophyte species assessed as critically endangered.

Mosses

Liverworts

Pteridophytes

There are 67 species and three varieties of pteridophyte assessed as critically endangered.

Leptosporangiate ferns

There are 54 species and three varieties in the class Polypodiopsida assessed as critically endangered.

Polypodiales

There are 49 species and three varieties in the order Polypodiales assessed as critically endangered.

Aspleniaceae
Dryopteridaceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Dryopteris crinalis</i> var. <i>podosorus</i>
  • <i>Dryopteris glabra</i> var. <i>flynnii</i>
  • <i>Dryopteris glabra</i> var. <i>pusilla</i>
Polypodiaceae
Other Polypodiales species

Hymenophyllales

Salviniales

  • Marsilea fadeniana

Isoetopsida

Other pteridophyte species

Gymnosperms

There are 81 species, five subspecies, and 13 varieties of gymnosperm assessed as critically endangered.

Cycads

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Cycas szechuanensis</i> subsp. <i>fairylakea</i>
  • <i>Cycas szechuanensis</i> subsp. <i>szechuanensis</i>
  • <i>Encephalartos tegulaneus</i> subsp. <i>powysii</i>

Conifers

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

  • <i>Amentotaxus argotaenia</i> var. <i>brevifolia</i>
  • Cupressus arizonica var. montana, San Pedro cypress
  • <i>Cupressus arizonica</i> var. <i>stephensonii</i>, Cuyamaca cypress
  • <i>Cupressus chengiana</i> var. <i>jiangeensis</i>
  • <i>Cupressus dupreziana</i> var. <i>atlantica</i>, Atlas cypress
  • <i>Cupressus dupreziana</i> var. <i>dupreziana</i>
  • <i>Cupressus goveniana</i> var. <i>abramsiana</i>
  • <i>Juniperus barbadensis</i> var. <i>barbadensis</i>, Barbados cedar
  • <i>Juniperus deppeana</i> var. <i>sperryi</i>
  • <i>Juniperus gracilior</i> var. <i>ekmanii</i>
  • <i>Picea asperata</i> var. <i>ponderosa</i>
  • Pinus massoniana var. hainanensis
  • <i>Podocarpus sellowii</i> var. <i>angustifolius</i>

Dicotyledons

There are 1895 species, 78 subspecies, and 49 varieties of dicotyledon assessed as critically endangered.

Piperales

Piperaceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Piper amalago</i> var. <i>variifolium</i>

Campanulales

There are 62 species and 12 subspecies in Campanulales assessed as critically endangered.

Campanulaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Clermontia oblongifolia</i> subsp. <i>brevipes</i>, Oahu clermontia
  • <i>Clermontia oblongifolia</i> subsp. <i>mauiensis</i>
  • <i>Clermontia peleana</i> subsp. <i>peleana</i>
  • <i>Clermontia peleana</i> subsp. <i>singuliflora</i>
  • <i>Clermontia samuelii</i> subsp. <i>hanaensis</i>
  • <i>Clermontia samuelii</i> subsp. <i>samuelii</i>
  • <i>Cyanea grimesiana</i> subsp. <i>grimesiana</i>
  • <i>Cyanea grimesiana</i> subsp. <i>obatae</i>
  • <i>Cyanea hamatiflora</i> subsp. <i>carlsonii</i>
  • <i>Cyanea hamatiflora</i> subsp. <i>hamatiflora</i>
  • <i>Cyanea lobata</i> subsp. <i>baldwinii</i>
  • <i>Cyanea lobata</i> subsp. <i>lobata</i>

Goodeniaceae

Aristolochiales

Theales

There are 295 species and 23 subspecies in Theales assessed as critically endangered.

Dipterocarpaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Anisoptera thurifera</i> subsp. <i>thurifera</i>
  • <i>Dipterocarpus caudatus</i> subsp. <i>caudatus</i>
  • <i>Dipterocarpus conformis</i> subsp. <i>conformis</i>
  • <i>Hopea andersonii</i> subsp. <i>basalticola</i>
  • <i>Hopea jucunda</i> subsp. <i>jucunda</i>
  • <i>Hopea jucunda</i> subsp. <i>modesta</i>
  • <i>Shorea assamica</i> subsp. <i>assamica</i>
  • <i>Shorea assamica</i> subsp. <i>globifera</i>
  • <i>Shorea assamica</i> subsp. <i>koordersii</i>
  • <i>Shorea assamica</i> subsp. <i>philippinensis</i>
  • <i>Shorea falciferoides</i> subsp. <i>falciferoides</i>
  • <i>Shorea falciferoides</i> subsp. <i>glaucescens</i>
  • <i>Shorea hemsleyana</i> subsp. <i>grandiflora</i>
  • <i>Shorea hemsleyana</i> subsp. <i>hemsleyana</i>
  • <i>Shorea macroptera</i> subsp. <i>macroptera</i>
  • <i>Shorea macroptera</i> subsp. <i>sandakanensis</i>
  • <i>Shorea ovalis</i> subsp. <i>sarawakensis</i>
  • <i>Shorea ovalis</i> subsp. <i>sericea</i>
  • <i>Shorea singkawang</i> subsp. <i>scabrosa</i>
  • <i>Vatica javanica</i> subsp. <i>javanica</i>
  • <i>Vatica javanica</i> subsp. <i>scaphifolia</i>
  • <i>Vatica oblongifolia</i> subsp. <i>crassilobata</i>
  • <i>Vatica oblongifolia</i> subsp. <i>elliptifolia</i>

Theaceae

Guttiferae

Other Theales species

Malvales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Elaeocarpus submonoceras</i> subsp. <i>oliganthus</i>
  • <i>Hibiscus waimeae</i> subsp. <i>hannerae</i>

Varieties

  • <i>Bombax insigne</i> var. <i>polystemon</i>

Geraniales

Lecythidales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Eschweilera piresii</i> subsp. <i>viridipetala</i>

Polygalales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Byrsonima nemoralis</i> subsp. <i>dressleri</i>

Santalales

Species

Varieties

Proteales

Family Proteaceae - 103 species

Family Sabiaceae - 5 species

  • Meliosma caucana
  • Meliosma lindae
  • Meliosma nanarum
  • Meliosma nesites
  • Meliosma seleriana

Dipsacales

Plumbaginales

Rubiales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Ixora scheffleri</i> subsp. <i>keniensis</i>
  • <i>Kadua cordata</i> subsp. <i>remyi</i>
  • <i>Kadua degeneri</i> subsp. <i>coprosmifolia</i>
  • <i>Kadua degeneri</i> subsp. <i>degeneri</i>

Varieties

  • <i>Chassalia coriacea</i> var. <i>johnstonii</i>
  • <i>Coprosma rapensis</i> var. <i>benefica</i>, Red berry

Violales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Cistus heterophyllus</i> subsp. <i>carthaginensis</i>
  • <i>Viola chamissoniana</i> subsp. <i>chamissoniana</i>

Euphorbiales

There are 74 species, two subspecies, and ten varieties in Euphorbiales assessed as critically endangered.

Peraceae

  • Chaetocarpus pubescens

Buxaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Euphorbia cylindrifolia</i> subsp. <i>tuberifera</i>
  • <i>Euphorbia stenoclada</i> subsp. <i>ambatofinandranae</i>

Varieties

  • <i>Drypetes usambarica</i> var. <i>rugulosa</i>
  • <i>Euphorbia decaryi</i> var. <i>robinsonii</i>
  • <i>Euphorbia francoisii</i> var. <i>francoisii</i>
  • <i>Euphorbia greenwayi</i> var. <i>greenwayi</i>
  • <i>Euphorbia lophogona</i> var. <i>tenuicaulis</i>
  • <i>Euphorbia remyi</i> var. <i>kauaiensis</i>
  • <i>Euphorbia remyi</i> var. <i>remyi</i>
  • <i>Phyllanthus aeneus</i> var. <i>papillosus</i>
  • <i>Sebastiania lesteri</i> var. <i>glabrata</i>
  • <i>Sebastiania lesteri</i> var. <i>lesteri</i>

Laurales

There are 40 species in the order Laurales assessed as critically endangered.

Monimiaceae

Hernandiaceae

Lauraceae

Cucurbitales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Begonia quadrialata</i> subsp. <i>dusenii</i>

Ebenales

There are 46 species in Ebenales assessed as critically endangered.

Symplocaceae

Sapotaceae

Ebenaceae

  • Diospyros angulata
  • Diospyros benstonei
  • Diospyros chrysophyllos
  • Diospyros crumenata
  • Diospyros egrettarum
  • Diospyros hemiteles
  • Diospyros katendei (possibly extinct)
  • Diospyros lolinopsis
  • Diospyros molissima
  • Diospyros moonii
  • Diospyros mun
  • Diospyros nodosa
  • Diospyros rheophytica
  • Diospyros vaccinioides, Small persimmon
  • Diospyros veillonii

Styracaceae

Celastrales

There are 29 species and two subspecies in the order Celastrales assessed as critically endangered.

Icacinaceae

Hollies

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Ilex perado</i> subsp. <i>iberica</i>
  • <i>Ilex perado</i> subsp. <i>lopezlilloi</i>

Celastraceae

Dichapetalaceae

  • Dichapetalum korupinum
  • Dichapetalum letouzeyi

Myrtales

There are 97 species and five varieties in the order Myrtales assessed as critically endangered.

Myrtaceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Eugenia harrisii</i> var. <i>grandifolia</i>
  • <i>Myrrhinium atropurpureum</i> var. <i>atropurpureum</i>

Melastomataceae

Combretaceae

Species

  • Combretum tenuipetiolatum

Varieties

  • <i>Terminalia eriostachya</i> var. <i>margaretiae</i>, Black mastic
  • <i>Terminalia glabrata</i> var. <i>glabrata</i>
  • <i>Terminalia glabrata</i> var. <i>koariki</i>

Thymelaeaceae

Water caltrops

  • Trapa colchica, Colchis water-chestnut

Lythraceae

Onagraceae

  • Epilobium numidicum

Sapindales

There are 70 species, three subspecies, and five varieties in the order Sapindales assessed as critically endangered.

Rutaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Pilocarpus goudotianus</i> subsp. <i>heterochromus</i>

Varieties

  • <i>Zanthoxylum dipetalum</i> var. <i>tomentosum</i>

Aceraceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Acer buergerianum</i> var. <i>formosanum</i>, Taiwan trident maple
  • <i>Acer oblongum</i> var. <i>membranaceum</i>

Sapindaceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Alectryon macrococcus</i> var. <i>auwahiensis</i>
  • <i>Alectryon macrococcus</i> var. <i>macrococcus</i>

Zygophyllaceae

  • Tribulus rajasthanensis
  • Zygophyllum bucharicum
  • Zygophyllum darvasicum

Anacardiaceae

Meliaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Trichilia trifolia</i> subsp. <i>pteleaefolia</i>
  • <i>Turraea mombassana</i> subsp. <i>schliebenii</i>

Burseraceae

Asterales

Species

Subspecies

  • Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. sandwicense, Mauna Kea silversword
  • <i>Bidens campylotheca</i> subsp. <i>pentamera</i>
  • <i>Bidens campylotheca</i> subsp. <i>waihoiensis</i>
  • <i>Bidens micrantha</i> subsp. <i>ctenophylla</i>
  • <i>Dubautia plantaginea</i> subsp. <i>humilis</i>
  • <i>Dubautia plantaginea</i> subsp. <i>magnifolia</i>
  • <i>Fitchia cuneata</i> subsp. <i>cuneata</i>
  • <i>Melanthera micrantha</i> subsp. <i>exigua</i>
  • <i>Melanthera micrantha</i> subsp. <i>micrantha</i>

Varieties

  • <i>Bidens hendersonensis</i> var. <i>oenoensis</i>
  • <i>Pectis caymanensis</i> var. <i>robusta</i>
  • <i>Scalesia atractyloides</i> var. <i>atractyloides</i>
  • <i>Scalesia atractyloides</i> var. <i>darwinii</i>
  • <i>Tetramolopium rockii</i> var. <i>calcisabulorum</i>

Magnoliales

There are 63 species and three subspecies in the order Magnoliales assessed as critically endangered.

Canellaceae

Magnoliaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Magnolia cubensis</i> subsp. <i>acunae</i>
  • <i>Magnolia virginiana</i> subsp. <i>oviedoae</i>

Annonaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Artabotrys modestus</i> subsp. <i>modestus</i>

Myristicaceae

Capparales

There are 30 species and one variety in Capparales assessed as critically endangered.

Capparaceae

Cruciferae

Species

Varieties

Apiales

There are 51 species and two varieties in the order Apiales assessed as critically endangered.

Araliaceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Polyscias sechellarum</i> var. <i>contracta</i>
  • <i>Polyscias sechellarum</i> var. <i>curiosae</i>

Umbelliferae

Gentianales

There are 41 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Gentianales assessed as critically endangered.

Apocynaceae

Loganiaceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Labordia tinifolia</i> var. <i>wahiawaensis</i>

Asclepiadaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Ceropegia decidua</i> subsp. <i>pretoriensis</i>
  • <i>Pentarrhinum abyssinicum</i> subsp. <i>ijimense</i>

Gentianaceae

Rosales

There are 48 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Rosales assessed as critically endangered.

Chrysobalanaceae

Rosaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Alchemilla fischeri</i> subsp. <i>camerunensis</i>
  • <i>Polylepis tomentella</i> subsp. <i>nana</i>

Other Rosales

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Geissois ternata</i> var. <i>serrata</i>

Primulales

There are 28 species and one variety in Primulales assessed as critically endangered.

Myrsinaceae

Theophrastaceae

Species

  • Clavija parvula

Varieties

  • <i>Jacquinia macrantha</i> var. <i>clarendonensis</i>

Primulaceae

Rhamnales

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Cayratia pedata</i> var. <i>glabra</i>

Urticales

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Neraudia angulata</i> var. <i>angulata</i>
  • <i>Neraudia angulata</i> var. <i>dentata</i>

Solanales

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Ipomoea prismatosyphon</i> var. <i>trifida</i>

Scrophulariales

There are 75 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Scrophulariales assessed as critically endangered.

Oleaceae

Gesneriaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Saintpaulia ionantha</i> subsp. <i>grandifolia</i>
  • <i>Saintpaulia ionantha</i> subsp. <i>rupicola</i>

Varieties

  • <i>Gesneria scabra</i> var. <i>fawcettii</i>

Bignoniaceae

Acanthaceae

Scrophulariaceae

  • Agalinis kingsii
  • Antirrhinum charidemi
  • Isoplexis chalcantha
  • Odontites granatensis
  • Paulownia kawakamii
  • Scrophularia capillaris, Capillary figwort
  • Verbascum decursivum, Decurrent mullein
  • Verbascum transcaucasicum, Transcaucasian speedwell
  • Veronica allahuekberensis, Allahuekberian speedwell
  • Veronica oetaea

Other Scrophulariales species

Lamiales

There are 64 species and three varieties in the order Lamiales assessed as critically endangered.

Verbenaceae

Labiatae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Phyllostegia parviflora</i> var. <i>glabriuscula</i>
  • <i>Phyllostegia parviflora</i> var. <i>lydgatei</i>
  • <i>Phyllostegia parviflora</i> var. <i>parviflora</i>

Boraginaceae

Nepenthales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Sarracenia rubra</i> subsp. <i>alabamensis</i>

Ranunculales

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Cissampelos nigrescens</i> var. <i>cardiophylla</i>

Polygonales

  • Calligonum calcareum
  • Calligonum triste
  • Coccoloba cholutecensis
  • Coccoloba lindaviana
  • Coccoloba retirensis
  • Polygonum caspicum, Caspian knotweed
  • Polygonum toktogulicum
  • Rumex tunetanus

Podostemales

Fabales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Astragalus macrocarpus</i> subsp. <i>lefkarensis</i>, Lefkara milk-vetch

Varieties

  • <i>Humboldtia unijuga</i> var. <i>trijuga</i>

Caryophyllales

There are 145 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Caryophyllales assessed as critically endangered.

Caryophyllaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Moehringia intricata</i> subsp. <i>tejedensis</i>

Cactus

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Ariocarpus bravoanus</i> subsp. <i>bravoanus</i>

Other Caryophyllales

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Achyranthes splendens</i> var. <i>rotundata</i>

Fagales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Betula lenta</i> subsp. <i>uber</i>, Virginia round-leaf birch
  • <i>Betula procurva</i> subsp. <i>schugnanica</i>

Other dicotyledons

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Rhododendron protistum</i> var. <i>giganteum</i>

Monocotyledons

There are 421 species, six subspecies, and five varieties of monocotyledon assessed as critically endangered.

Arecales

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Dictyosperma album</i> var. <i>album</i>
  • <i>Dictyosperma album</i> var. <i>conjugatum</i>, Hurricane palm
  • <i>Roystonea regia</i> var. <i>hondurensis</i>

Orchidales

There are 167 species and one subspecies in Orchidales assessed as critically endangered.

Orchidaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Cynorkis buchwaldiana</i> subsp. <i>buchwaldiana</i>

Burmanniaceae

Pandanales

Bromeliales

Liliales

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Narcissus nevadensis</i> subsp. <i>enemeritoi</i>

Arales

Araceae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Arisaema heterocephalum</i> subsp. <i>okinawaense</i>

Zingiberales

Eriocaulales

Commelinales

  • Commelina mwatayamvoana
  • Xyris andina
  • Xyris diaphanobracteata
  • Xyris exigua
  • Xyris ramboi

Cyperales

There are 37 species, two subspecies, and two varieties in Cyperales assessed as critically endangered.

Gramineae

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Puccinellia distans</i> subsp. <i>embergeri</i>
  • <i>Puccinellia distans</i> subsp. <i>font-queri</i>

Varieties

  • <i>Cenchrus agrimonioides</i> var. <i>agrimonioides</i>

Cyperaceae

Species

Varieties

  • <i>Cyperus pennatiformis</i> var. <i>bryanii</i>

Other monocotyledons

Species

Subspecies

  • <i>Najas marina</i> subsp. <i>arsenariensis</i>

See also

References

  1. ^ "IUCN Red List version 2023-1". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  2. ^ "Table 9: Possibly Extinct and Possibly Extinct in the Wild Species (IUCN Red List version 2023-1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  4. ^ "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  5. ^ Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus torreyana subsp. torreyana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T34015A2840365. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34015A2840365.en. Retrieved 27 September 2020.


This page was last edited on 16 May 2024, at 10:20
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