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How Global Warming Works

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

How Global Warming Works
Type of site
Educational
OwnerMichael Andrew Ranney[1] (University of California, Berkeley) and The Regents of the University of California
URLwww.howglobalwarmingworks.org
CommercialNo
RegistrationNot required
Launched2013

How Global Warming Works is a website developed by Michael Ranney, a professor of cognitive psychology at the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California, United States. The stated goal of the website is to educate the public on the mechanisms of global warming, which was motivated by research Ranney and colleagues conducted on attitudes towards and understanding of global warming.[2][3]

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/3
    Views:
    409 442
    1 615 261
    6 464
  • Bill Nye to Climate Change Deniers: You Can’t Ignore Facts Forever
  • Global Warming for Kids
  • Global Warming - How it happens (simple)

Transcription

You’ve heard the President in drought-stricken California saying that these weather emergencies in effect, are creating the conditions that the government has to act. David, I think that what it brings to mind is how we utilize the information that we have, and we all know. And I think that Bill would probably agree with this; neither he nor I are a climate scientist. He is an engineer and an actor, I am a member of Congress, and what we have to do is look at the information that we get from climate scientists. As you said... So she did something, which is very common in the climate denier community or whatever you would call it, is to talk about credentials. So, Marsha Blackburn, Representative in the US Congress from Tennessee said well I am a congresswoman and Bill you're just a mechanical engineer so you're not really a climate scientist. And what I would say is what we're talking about in this level of climate science is you don't need to be a full-time climate scientists to understand it. Furthermore, as far as my credentials everybody, I'm a mechanical engineer. I took a lot of physics. All I did was take physics, physics, physics, physics. And when you're done with formal physics then you take mechanical engineering, which is just applied physics. I get it. I can understand what's going on. We're putting carbon dioxide in the air at a prodigious rate and the world is getting warmer and you can know this by looking at the neutrons in the ice. You can know this by looking at the pollen grains per cubic centimeter in the sediment of ponds. You can know this by looking carefully at the rings on trees during warm seasons, wet seasons, cold seasons, dry seasons, and you can work your way back and figure out that the earth is getting warmer faster than has ever gotten before. And that's the problem. It's not that the world hasn't had more carbon dioxide, it's not the world hasn't been warmer. The problem is the speed at which things are changing. We are inducing a sixth mass extinction event kind of by accident and we don't want to be the extinctee, if I may coin this noun. So, I mean as far as Miss Blackburn, sounded like she had been coached on denial bullet points or talking points. And I very much enjoy taking those people on, but meanwhile it breaks my heart because we got work to do. And the fossil fuel industry has really gotten in their ears and it's really troublesome. We're the world's most technically advanced country, or if the U.S. isn't the most technically advanced it's certainly in the top ten. I mean you could say Japan, New Zealand are very sophisticated societies. But the U.S. is where iPhone's are invented, what have you, the Internet; it's still a significant place. And so to have a generation of science students being brought up without awareness of climate change is just a formula for disaster. I mean this is, everybody kinda knows this. So, I think, as an observer, and I may be wrong as I like to say, you may be right, as an observer it looks like the U.S.'s strength is its weakness. So people came here from all over the world for freedom to think and act the way they wanted, especially freedom of religion. So, we ended up with both the people who framed the Constitution, which is a fabulous thing, and people who asserted that the garden of Eden was in Missouri. And there's no police for that sort of thing. You're allowed to believe whatever you want. It's great. But with that was this, for them, and I emphasize them, the other side, consequence of that was you could also ignore facts of science for a while and now it’s coming to a head. But man it's really divisive, isn't it? It's really something. That living things change from generation to generation through a process that Darwin and Wallace, Alfred Wallace called natural selection or descent with modification. Those are true things. Those are facts. Tectonic plates move and that's a fact and the world is getting warmer because of human activity. That's a fact. If you had somebody who really strongly believed the earth was flat, you wouldn't have to have that person on a television show with the people who believe the earth is round. So, the BBC as I understand just got enough. We got work to do. It's not one person versus the other person, it's 97 people versus three people. After a while let's move on. There may have been such debates at sometime in early human history, but you wouldn't have such a debate now.

Background

Michael Ranney in 2015

The motivation for the website came from two studies conducted by Ranney and colleagues.[2][4][5][6] In the first study, they hypothesized that one of the factors explaining why fewer Americans believe in global warming than do people in other industrialized nations is that they do not understand the mechanism of global warming.[7]: 2230  To test this hypothesis, they anonymously surveyed 270 park visitors and community college students in San Diego.[2][4] They reported that none of the 270 participants could explain the basic mechanism of global warming even though 80% thought that global warming was real and that 77% thought that humans contributed to it.[2][3][7]: 2230 [8]

In the second study, they hypothesized that if people understood the mechanism of global warming, their understanding and acceptance of it would increase. Using a 400-word explanation of global warming[9] they tested their hypothesis on students from the University of California, Berkeley and from the University of Texas at Brownsville.[10]

The following summary of the explanation given to the students to read was provided in Scientific American:[5]

Summary: (a) Earth absorbs most of the sunlight it receives; (b) Earth then emits the absorbed light's energy as infrared light; (c) greenhouse gases absorb a lot of the infrared light before it can leave our atmosphere; (d) being absorbed slows the rate at which energy escapes to space; and (e) the slower passage of energy heats up the atmosphere, water, and ground. By increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, humans are increasing the atmosphere’s absorption of infrared light, thereby warming Earth and disrupting global climate patterns.

They reported that by reading a brief description of the mechanism of global warming, participants in the study increased both their understanding and acceptance of global warming.[2] These results, which have been repeatedly replicated, motivated them to launch a new website with the aim of providing website visitors with videos of the mechanisms of global warming so that they could educate themselves on how global warming works.[2][3][4]

Website

The website provides videos ranging from 52 seconds to under 5 minutes that describe and illustrate the mechanisms of global warming.[2][3] It also provides seven statistics that have been shown by Ranney and Clark to increase global warming acceptance.[11] Further, the website's videos have been translated into Mandarin and German [1], and transcripts of the videos in several other languages are available. Texts explaining global warming's mechanism are also available. Some of the site's information has been translated into Mandarin, and the Mandarin videos are available on Youku.[12]

Analysis

In 2014 Dan Kahan was skeptical about Ranney's approach and this website's large-scale effectiveness in educating people about global warming, telling Nova, "I don't think it makes sense to believe that if you tell people in five-minute lectures about climate science, that it's going to solve the problem".[13] However, Ranney and his colleagues have been assessing the videos in randomized controlled experiments and indicate that the videos (including a four-minute German video), like the 400-word mechanistic text, increase viewers' global warming acceptance—as do the aforementioned representative statistics. In addition, the website contrasts the change in Earth's temperature since 1880 with the change in the value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (adjusted for inflation); this contrast also increases readers' global warming acceptance.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Michael Ranney". University of California. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Tania, Lombrozo (16 December 2014). "Global Warming Explained, In About A Minute". NPR. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d Hall, Shannon (6 January 2014). "Global Warming Explained in 52 Seconds". Universe Today. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Lindsay, Abrams (16 December 2013). "How to understand global warming better than most people, in less than a minute". Salon. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  5. ^ a b David, Wogan (17 December 2013). "Global warming explained in under a minute". Scientific American. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  6. ^ Dylan, Matthews (18 December 2013). "Global warming explained in just 21 seconds". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  7. ^ a b Ranney, M., A.; Clark, D.; Reinholz, D. L.; Cohen, S. (2012). "Changing Global Warming Beliefs with Scientific Information: Knowledge, Attitudes, and RTMD (Reinforced Theistic Manifest Destiny Theory)" (PDF). Proceedings of 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Retrieved 23 December 2013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Andri, Antoniades (19 December 2013). "Keeping It Simple: Scientist Uses Haiku to Explain Climate Change". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  9. ^ "In Less Than a Minute". University of California. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  10. ^ Jaret, Peter (2013). "Global Warming 101: Changing hearts & minds" (PDF). Bioenergy Connection. 2 (3): 42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  11. ^ Ranney, Michael Andrew; Clark, Dav (2016). "Climate Change Conceptual Change: Scientific Information Can Transform Attitudes". Topics in Cognitive Science. 8: 49–75. doi:10.1111/tops.12187. PMID 26804198.
  12. ^ Ranney, M., A., & Lamprey, L. N. (Eds.) (2013). How Global Warming Works [Main Mandarin Page]. Available at http://www.howglobalwarmingworks.org/chinese.html
  13. ^ Balukjian, Brad (19 November 2014). "Why Doesn't Everyone Believe Humans Are Causing Climate Change?". PBS. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  14. ^ Ranney, M. A., Munnich, E., L., & Lamprey, L., N., (in press). Increased wisdom from the ashes of ignorance and surprise: Numerically-driven inferencing, global warming, and other exemplar realms. In B. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation.

External links

This page was last edited on 6 March 2024, at 13:40
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