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House of Montagu

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the fictional Noble House from Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, see House of Montague.

Montagu
Arms of Montagu, Earls of Salisbury: Argent, three fusils conjoined in fess gules, usually shown quartering Monthermer
CountryUnited Kingdom
Founded1066; 958 years ago (1066)
FounderDrogo de Montaigu
Current headAlexander Montagu, 13th Duke of Manchester
Titles
MottoLatin: Equitas Actionum Regula
("Let equity be the rule of our actions")
Estate(s)

The House of Montagu (/ˈmɒntəɡjuː/, MON-tə-ghew), also known throughout history as Montagud, Montaigu, Montague, Montacute (Latin: de Monte Acuto, lit. 'from the sharp mountain'; French: Mont Aigu), is an English noble family founded in Somerset after the Norman Conquest of 1066 by the Norman warrior Drogo de Montagud[1] (so named in the Domesday Book). They rose to their highest power and prominence in the 14th and 15th centuries as Earls of Salisbury, the last in the male line being Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury (1388–1428), the maternal grandfather of "Warwick the Kingmaker", 16th Earl of Warwick and 6th Earl of Salisbury.

Arms of Montagu of Boughton: Arms of Montagu, Earls of Salisbury, with a bordure sable for difference

The surviving noble family of Montagu "of Boughton" in Northamptonshire, where in 1683 the 1st Duke of Montagu built the splendid and surviving Boughton House, claimed descent from the ancient Anglo-Norman family of Montagu, Earls of Salisbury, which connection is however unproven. The earliest proven ancestor of the Montagu family of Boughton is Thomas Montagu (d. 1516) of Hemington, Northamptonshire,[2] the son of Richard Ladde (d. 1484), "alias Montagu", of Hanging Houghton in Northamptonshire, whose family of Ladde is recorded in the deeds of that place from 1355.[3] Richard Ladde "alias Montagu" was the father of Sir Edward Montagu, Lord Chief Justice (great-great-grandfather of the 1st Duke), who purchased the estate of Boughton in 1528.[4] It is suggested by the Complete Peerage[5] that the Ladde family adopted the surname of Montagu due to "having to deal with some Montagu inheritance", i.e. dictated by the terms of a bequest from a member of that family, as was common practice, requiring the legatee to adopt the surname and arms of the legator, where a branch of a family had died out in the male line. Collins Peerage[6] suggests that the Montagu family of Boughton was descended from James "Montagu", a natural son of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury. The Montagu family of Boughton and its descendants use the coat of arms of Montagu, Earls of Salisbury, but differenced by a bordure sable, and quarters the arms of Monthermer, as did the Earls of Salisbury, but undifferenced.

Sir Edward Montagu was the ancestor of (Montagu) Duke of Montagu, (Montagu) Earls and Dukes of Manchester, (Montagu) Earls of Sandwich, (Montagu) Earls of Halifax, as well as the extant Montagu Baronies of Kimbolton, St Neots and Beaulieu. The head of the family is the Duke of Manchester.[7]

A cadet branch of the family lived in Boveney near Burnham, Buckinghamshire. The earliest recorded ancestor of this branch is Robert Montague (c. 1528–1575), who bore the coat of arms of Simon de Montagu. It is not known when this branch separated from the main line. Since they possess the same coat of arms as Simon de Montagu, it would put the Boveney Montagues separation from the main line some time after 1300.[8][9]

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Transcription

Drogo de Montagud

The founder of the English family of Montagu was "Drogo de Montagud", as his name appeared in its Latinised form in the Domesday Book of 1086. From his pattern of landholdings he appears to have been a knight or follower of Robert, Count of Mortain, the half-brother of King William the Conqueror. Most of his sixteen English estates listed in the Domesday Book were held from Robert, Count of Mortain as his feudal overlord, with only one held directly from the king, namely Knowle.[10] His principal landholdings were in the Hundred of Wincanton in Somerset, near Bruton Priory where some of the early family were buried. His Domesday Book holdings included:

Held in-chief

Knowle

Chenolle (Knowle) (in the Hundred of Wincanton), held in-chief from the crown. In the Domesday Book entry for Chenolle he is called "Drogo de Montagud".[11] The ancient estate is situated between the villages of Shepton Montagu and Stoney Stoke, on the east side of a knoll or hill, now represented by Knowle Park Farm,[12] 1.5 km east of Shepton Montagu Church, and by Knowle Rock Farm, 0.8 km further east.[13] Grants of free warren were obtained for Knowle in 1314 and 1317 and a deer park was in existence in 1397, which in 1569 was a mile "in compass". It was retained by the Montagu family until the extinction of the senior male line on the death of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury (1388-1428) when it passed through his daughter to the Neville family.[14]

Held from Robert, Count of Mortain

Shepton Montague

Sceptone (now Shepton Montague) (in the Hundred of Wincanton), held from Robert, Count of Mortain. He is named simply as "Drogo" in the Domesday Book entry.[15]

Stony Stoke

Stoche (now Stoney Stoke) (in the Hundred of Wincanton). It was an addition to the manor of Sceptone, thus also held from Robert, Count of Mortain. He is named simply as "Drogo" in the Domesday Book entry.

Bishopstone

1787 engraving by Thomas Bonner of Montacute House, viewed from east, with the Iron Age hill fort of Ham Hill, a large tribal fort of the Durotriges (the "sharpness" of which is greatly exaggerated) at left (the summit of which is 620 metres south-west of the Montacute House)

Biscopestone in the hundred of Tintinhull, Somerset. Now Bishopstone, the site of Montacute Priory within the village of Montacute, and to the immediate north of the Priory the Elizabethan mansion Montacute House. In this manor Robert, Count of Mortain "has his castle, which is called "Montagud" (Ipse Comes (Moriton) tenet in dominio Biscopestone et ibi est castellum eius quod vocatur Montagud[16][17] The summit of the Iron Age hill fort of Ham Hill (or St Michael's Hill), a fort of the Durotriges tribe, is situated 620 metres south-west of the present Montacute House. It became known at some time before 1086 by the Latin name of Mons Acutus, meaning "Sharp Mountain", being referred to in the Domesday Book "Montagud". One of the Count's four tenants at Biscopestone is named in the Domesday Book as "Drogo", who held one hide, believed to be the "Drogo de Montagud", the tenant of Chenolle (Knowle). This has added some mystery to the origin of the surname "de Montagu". It is stated in some sources that the English de Montagu family, Earls of Salisbury, took its surname from its supposed manor of origin in Normandy, said to be Montaigu-les-Bois, in the arrondissement of Coutances, which remained in the possession of a French family called "de Montaigu" until the death of Sebastien de Montaigu in 1715, without children.[18] According to the Duchess of Cleveland (Battle Abbey Roll, 1889): "(Drogo de Montaigu) had come to England in the train of the Earl of Mortain, and received from him large grants of lands, with the custody of the castle, built either by the Earl or his son William, in the manor of Bishopston, and styled, from its position on a sharp-topped hill, Monte Acuto"[19] (sic, Mons Acutus). The French spelling "Mont-Aigu" means "sharp mountain", and the family's name was Latinised as de Monte Acuto (ablative form of Mons Acutus - "from the Sharp Mountain"). Authorities are not agreed as to whether the family was named after the hill in Bishopton, or whether the hill, village, parish and priory, were named after the family, thus ultimately after Montaigu-les-Bois in Normandy.[20]

Tintinhull

Tintehalle[21] (Tintinhull), in the Hundred of Tintinhull, situated 1.5 miles north of Bishopstone.

Thorne

Torne (Thorne), in the hundred of Stone, Somerset, situated 3.4 km east of Bishopstone. Held from Robert, Count of Mortain. At some time before 1160 Drogo donated land at Thorne and at Bishopstone to Montacute Priory and made grants to Bruton Priory, where he was buried.[22]

Titles of the Montagu family

Montagu

Ladde-Montagu

For titles conferred on the Ladde "alias Montagu" family, descended from Sir Edward Montagu (1485-1557) of Boughton, Lord Chief Justice, see :

Duke of Manchester

Duke of Montagu (First Creation)

Earl of Sandwich

Brudenell-Montagu

For titles conferred on the family of Brudenell, Earl of Cardigan, descendants via a female line, who adopted the name and arms of Montagu, see :

Douglas-Scott-Montagu

Title conferred on the family of Douglas-Scott-Montagu, descendants via a female line of the Brudenell-Montagu line :

Browne-Montagu

Title conferred on the line of Browne, maternal descendants who retook the name and arms of Montagu, see :

References

  1. ^ Chenolle (Knowle) (in the Hundred of Wincanton), held in-chief from the crown. In the Domesday Book entry for Chenolle (Knowle) he is called "Drogo de Montagud", see page image opendomesday.org [1]
  2. ^ Appendix D of Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. (1936). The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Moels to Nuneham), Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press
  3. ^ Appendix D, Complete Peerage, Vol.9
  4. ^ 'Weekley', in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the County of Northamptonshire, Volume 2, Archaeological Sites in Central Northamptonshire (London, 1979), pp. 152-164 [2]
  5. ^ Appendix D, Complete Peerage, Vol.9
  6. ^ Collins Peerage, Vol.II, p.42,
  7. ^ Montagu Family, Encyclopaedia Britannica
  8. ^ "Hissem_Boveney Montagues". shissem.com. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  9. ^ Philipot, John; Ryley, William; Harvey, William; Rylands, W. Harry (William Harry); College of Arms (Great Britain) (1909). The visitation of the county of Buckingham made in 1634 by John Philipot, esq. ... Harold B. Lee Library. London : [Mitchell, Hughes & Clarke, printers].
  10. ^ opendomesday.org, list of holdings of "DROGO (OF MONTACUTE)"
  11. ^ See page image opendomesday.org
  12. ^ Knowle Park Farm marked on Ordnance Survey map as "site of mediaeval village"
  13. ^ A P Baggs and M C Siraut, 'Shepton Montague', in A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 7, Bruton, Horethorne and Norton Ferris Hundreds, ed. C R J Currie and R W Dunning (London, 1999), pp. 192-201 [3]
  14. ^ A P Baggs and M C Siraut, 'Shepton Montague', in A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 7, Bruton, Horethorne and Norton Ferris Hundreds, ed. C R J Currie and R W Dunning (London, 1999), pp. 192-201 [4]
  15. ^ "Shepton [Montague] | Domesday Book".
  16. ^ Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. (1936). The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Moels to Nuneham). 9 (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press, p.75, note (b) "Baron Montagu"
  17. ^ See image of original entry in Domesday Book for Biscopestone
  18. ^ Duchess of Cleveland, The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages, 3 volumes, London, 1889, quoting: "Recherches sur le Domesday"
  19. ^ Duchess of Cleveland, The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages, 3 volumes, London, 1889, quoting: "Recherches sur le Domesday"
  20. ^ Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. (1936). The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Moels to Nuneham). 9 (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press, p.75, note (b) "Baron Montagu"
  21. ^ opendomesday.org
  22. ^ Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. (1936). The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Moels to Nuneham), Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press, p.75
This page was last edited on 2 February 2024, at 03:37
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