The House Trade Working Group (HTWG) is an informal group of Congressmen in the U.S. House of Representatives that is made up of members that take a skeptical view of international trade agreements. The HTWG was formed by Congressman Mike Michaud and Congresswoman Linda Sánchez during the 110th Congress. Members of Congress from both parties and outside organizations, who represent American workers, consumers, and businesses, are active participants in the group. The HTWG organizes press conferences, briefings, letters, and other initiatives to fight trade agreements. As of the 111th Congress, the membership was as follows (based on signatures affixed to HTWG letters):[1][2][3]
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How The Stock Exchange Works (For Dummies)
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What is the Stock Exchange and how does it work? The Stock Exchange is nothing more than a giant globally network tend to orginize the market place where every day huge sums of money are moved back and forth. In total over sixty trillion (60,000,000,000, 000) euro a year are traded. More then the vallue of all goods and services of the entire world economy. However it's not appels or second hand toothbrushes that are traded on this marketplace. But predominantly securities. Securities are rights to assets , mostly in the form of checks. A share stands for a share in a company. But why are shares traded at all? Well, first and foremost the value of a share relates to the company behind it. If you think the value of a company in terms of a pizza. The bigger the overal size of the pizza, the bigger every piece is. If for example facebook is able to increase its profits with a new buisness model. The size of the companies pizza will also increase, and as a result so will the value of its shares. This is of course great for the share holders. A share with perhaps use to be thirtyeight euros could now be worth a whole fifty euros. When it's sold this represents a profit of twelve euro per share! But what does facebook gain from this? The company can raise funds by selling the shares and invest or expand it's buisness. Facebook for example has earned sixty million dollars from it's listing on the Stock Exchange. The trading of shares though, is frequently a game of chance. No one can say whay company is going to preform well and what not. If a company has a good reputation, investors will back it. A company with a poor reputation or poor preformance will have dificulty selling its shares. Unlike a normal market witch goods can be touched and taken home. On the Stock Exchange only vurtual products are avalable. They apear in the form of shareprices and tables on monitors. Such shareprices can rise or fall within seconds. Shareholders have therefor have to act quickly in order not to miss an opertunity. Even a simple rumor can result in the demant for a share falling fast regardless of the real value of the company. Of course the oposite is also posible. If a particular large amount of people buy weak shares. Becouse if they see for example great potential behind an idea. There value will rise as a result. In particular young companies can benefit from this. Even if there sales might be falling, they can generate cash by placing there sales. In the best case senario this will result in there idea becomming reality. In the worst case senario. this will result in a speculative bubble with nothing more than hot air. And in a case with bubbles, at somepoint they will burst. The value of Germanies biggest thirthy companies is summarized in what is known as the DAX share index. The DAX shows how well or poor each of this mayor companies and there by the economy as a whole are preforming at the present time. Stock Exchange is in other countries that also have there own intecies. And all of this markets together create a globally networked markedplace. Subtitles by Tiago Scholten. Subtitles by the Amara.org community
Membership
Continuing HTWG Membership for 112th Congress
- Michael H. Michaud (Dem.-Maine) - leader
- Jason Altmire (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- Joe Baca (Dem.-California)
- Tammy Baldwin (Dem.-Wisconsin)
- Leonard Boswell (Dem.-Iowa)
- Bob Brady (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- Bruce Braley (Dem.-Iowa)
- Michael Capuano (Dem.-Massachusetts)
- Russ Carnahan (Dem.-Missouri)
- André Carson (Dem.-Indiana)
- Ben Chandler (Dem.-Kentucky)
- Emanuel Cleaver (Dem.-Missouri)
- Steve Cohen (Dem.-Tennessee)
- John Conyers Jr. (Dem.-Michigan)
- Jerry Costello (Dem.-Illinois)
- Elijah Cummings (Dem.-Maryland)
- Peter DeFazio (Dem.-Oregon)
- Rosa DeLauro (Dem.-Connecticut)
- John Dingell (Dem.-Michigan)
- Michael F. Doyle (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- Donna F. Edwards (Dem.-Maryland)
- Keith Ellison (Dem.-Minnesota)
- Bob Filner (Dem.-California)
- Marcia Fudge (Dem.-Ohio)
- Al Green (Dem.-Texas)
- Gene Green (Dem.-Texas)
- Raúl Grijalva (Dem.-Arizona)
- Luis Gutierrez (Dem.-Illinois)
- Alcee Hastings (Dem.-Florida)
- Brian Higgins (Dem.-New York)
- Maurice D. Hinchey (Dem.-New York)
- Mazie K. Hirono (Dem.-Hawaii)
- Tim Holden (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- Rush Holt (Dem.-New Jersey)
- Jesse Jackson Jr. (Dem.-Illinois)
- Sheila Jackson-Lee (Dem.-Texas)
- Hank Johnson (Dem.-Georgia)
- Walter B. Jones (Rep.-North Carolina)
- Marcy Kaptur (Dem.-Ohio)
- Dale Kildee (Dem.-Michigan)
- Larry Kissell (Dem.-North Carolina)
- Dennis Kucinich (Dem.-Ohio)
- James Langevin (Dem.-Rhode Island)
- Barbara Lee (Dem.-California)
- Daniel Lipinski (Dem.-Illinois)
- David Loebsack (Dem.-Iowa)
- Stephen Lynch (Dem.-Massachusetts)
- Betty McCollum (Dem.-Minnesota)
- James P. McGovern (Dem.-Massachusetts)
- Mike McIntyre (Dem.-North Carolina)
- Gwen Moore (Dem.-Wisconsin)
- Jerrold Nadler (Dem.-New York)
- Grace Napolitano (Dem.-California)
- Eleanor Holmes Norton (Dem.-District of Columbia)
- Frank Pallone, Jr. (Dem.-New Jersey)
- Donald M. Payne (Dem.-New Jersey)
- Gary Peters (Dem.-Michigan)
- Collin C. Peterson (Dem.-Minnesota)
- Chellie Pingree (Dem.-Maine)
- Nick Rahall (Dem.-West Virginia)
- Mike Ross (Dem.-Arkansas)
- Steven Rothman (Dem.-New Jersey)
- Lucille Roybal-Allard (Dem.-California)
- Tim Ryan (Dem.-Ohio)
- Linda Sanchez (Dem.-California)
- John P. Sarbanes (Dem.-Maryland)
- Jan Schakowsky (Dem.-Illinois)
- Bobby Scott (Dem.-Virginia)
- Heath Shuler (Dem.-North Carolina)
- Brad Sherman (Dem.-California)
- Louise Slaughter (Dem.-New York)
- Chris Smith (Rep.-New Jersey)
- Betty Sutton (Dem.-Ohio)
- John F. Tierney (Dem.-Massachusetts)
- Paul Tonko (Dem.-New York)
- Peter J. Visclosky (Dem.-Indiana)
- Tim Walz (Dem.-Minnesota)
- Debbie Wasserman-Schultz (Dem.-Florida)
- Maxine Waters (Dem.-California)
- Peter Welch (Dem.-Vermont)
- Lynn Woolsey (Dem.-California)
- David Wu (Dem.-Oregon)
HTWG Members of 111th Congress Who Were Defeated
- Michael A. Arcuri (Dem.-New York)
- John Boccieri (Dem.-Ohio)
- Christopher Carney (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- Travis W. Childers (Dem.-Mississippi)
- Kathy Dahlkemper (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- Alan Grayson (Dem.-Florida)
- John Hall (Dem.-New York)
- Phil Hare (Dem.-Illinois)
- Steve Kagen (Dem.-Wisconsin)
- Paul Kanjorski (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- Carolyn Kilpatrick (Dem.-Michigan) (lost primary bid)
- Mary Jo Kilroy (Dem.-Ohio)
- Dan Maffei (Dem.-New York)
- Alan Mollohan (Dem.-West Virginia) (lost primary bid)
- Patrick Murphy (Dem.-Pennsylvania)
- James L. Oberstar (Dem.-Minnesota)
- Tom Perriello (Dem.-Virginia)
- Mark Schauer (Dem.-Michigan)
- Carol Shea-Porter (Dem.-New Hampshire)
- John Spratt (Dem.-South Carolina)
- Charlie Wilson (Dem.-Ohio)
HTWG Members of 111th Congress Who Will Not Seek Re-Election
- William Delahunt (Dem.-Massachusetts) (Will not seek re-election)
- Bart Gordon (Dem.-Tennessee) (Will not seek re-election)
- Bart Stupak (Dem.-Michigan) (Will not seek re-election)
Former HTWG Members from 111th Congress
- Neil Abercrombie (Dem.-Hawaii) (Resigned)
- Eric Massa (Dem.-New York) (Resigned)
- John Murtha (Dem.-Pennsylvania) (Deceased)
Although the membership is somewhat fluid, there were at least 100 members, almost all of them from the Democratic Party. This constituted more than one-third of the Democratic membership of the 111th Congress. Note that the two Republicans in the HTWG, Walter B. Jones of North Carolina and Chris Smith of New Jersey, began their careers as Democrats. Twenty-one HTWG members were defeated in the 2010 Congressional elections and another three members declined to seek re-election.
Ways and Means Committee members
Only two of the HTWG members are also members of the House of Representatives' Ways and Means Committee, the committee responsible for trade agreements. Democrats Brian Higgins and Linda Sanchez were the only two Democrats (out of the 26) on the Ways and Means Committee that also caucus with the HTWG.
See also
- Congressional Pro-Trade Caucus
- United States – Colombia Free Trade Agreement
- Panama – United States Trade Promotion Agreement
- South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement
- Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership
- United States Trade Representative
- Caucuses of the United States Congress
- Congressional caucus
References
- ^ "Letter to USTR Ron Kirk, January 20, 2010". Archived from the original on March 20, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2010.
- ^ "Letter to President Barack Obama, February 26, 2009". Archived from the original on March 20, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2010.
- ^ Signers of the Trade Reform, Accountability, Development and Employment (TRADE) Act (H.R. 3012), June 2009, [1] Archived 2010-03-20 at the Wayback Machine
External links
- 111th Congress Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) [2]