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Helen Morgan Hamilton

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Helen Morgan Hamilton
Deputy Director of the Women's Army Corps
In office
1945 – 1947
Preceded byWestray Boyce
Personal details
Born(1896-06-12)June 12, 1896
Ramapo, New York, U.S.
DiedJanuary 25, 1985(1985-01-25) (aged 88)
Mystic, Connecticut, U.S.
Spouses
(m. 1916; died 1942)
(m. 1955; died 1978)
RelationsSee Hamilton and Morgan family
Children4
Parent(s)William Pierson Hamilton
Juliet Pierpont Morgan
AwardsLegion of Merit
Army Commendation Medal
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Army
RankLieutenant colonel

Helen Morgan Hamilton (June 12, 1896 – January 25, 1985) was an Army Officer, serving as deputy director of and ultimately achieving the rank of Lieutenant colonel of the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps. She is also the granddaughter of investment banker J.P. Morgan and a descendant of U.S. Founding Father Alexander Hamilton.[1]

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  • A Long and Difficult Journey, or The Odyssey: Crash Course Literature 201
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Transcription

Hi, I'm John Green, welcome to Crash Course Literature! You can tell I'm an English teacher because I'm wearing a sweater, but you tell I'm the kind of English teacher who wants to be your friend because I'm wearing awesome sneakers. This is actually season two of Crash Course Literature. If you want to watch season one, you can do so over here. It's season four of Crash Course Humanities, it might even be like, season seven or eight if you count all the science stuff. Whatever let's just get started! (INTRO) We're going to start at the beginning of literature, or, at least, a beginning of literature. Sing in me, Muse, and through me tell the story of a man who lets all his shipmates die, lies to everyone he meets, cheats on his wife with assorted nymphs, and takes ten years to complete a voyage that, according to Google Maps, should have taken two weeks. That man is, of course, one of the great heroes of the ancient world. Ladies and gentlemen, meet Odysseus, star of Homer’s The Odyssey. Did I just say the odd at sea? That’s a good pun. Not in the original Greek though. Now everyone knows that you can’t properly enjoy a book until you know a lot about its author, so before we discuss The Odyssey, we’re going to begin with a biographical sketch of Homer, the legendary blind poet of ancient Greece. What’s that? Apparently we know nothing about him. Well, in fact we know that whoever wrote them didn’t actually write them, because they were composed orally. And was Homer even blind? Well, there are some verses about blindness in the Homeric Hymns and there’s a blind bard who appears in The Odyssey, but if authors only wrote about characters who were like themselves, then James Joyce’s characters would have all had one eye, and I would be an astonishingly handsome seventeen-year-old. As for the subject of Homer’s poems, archeological evidence tells us that the Trojan War occurred around the twelfth century BCE, although it probably included far fewer gods and similes than in the epics based on it. Then again, maybe not; it’s not like we have pictures. Anyway, Homer composed The Iliad and The Odyssey in the eighth century BCE, so centuries after the events it describes. And then no one bothered to write them down for another two hundred years, which means that they probably changed a lot as they were passed down via the oral tradition, and even today there are arguments about which parts are original and which parts are additions. There were a lot of competing poems about the Trojan War, but Homer’s were by far the most famous, and they are now the most famous because they were also the only ones to survive the burning of the Library at Alexandria. So The Iliad and The Odyssey are epic poems, and we define an epic as “a long narrative poem; on a serious subject; written in a grand or elevated style; centered on a larger-than-life hero.” By the way, that was an example of dactylic hexameter, just like you see in epic poems. So the events of The Odyssey take place after those of The Iliad, so let’s have a brief recap Thought Bubble. So Helen, the wife of Menelaus, runs off with Paris, a Trojan prince; or maybe she’s abducted, it’s not clear. Anyway, Menelaus’s brother Agamemnon gathers allies and goes to Troy to get her, back but the war drags on for ten years, at which point everyone is really tired and bored and wants to go home, until things suddenly get pretty tense because Agamemnon seizes a concubine of Achilles’ and Achilles gets really angry and says he won’t fight anymore. And things go really badly for the Greeks until Patroclus - Achilles’ best friend and maybe also lover, it’s not clear - goes into battle in his place and does a pretty awesome job until he’s slain by Hector, the Trojans’ great warrior. Which forces Achilles to reconcile himself with his own mortality and return to the field where he becomes the ultimate death-dealing machine, slaying hordes of Trojans including Hector, whose body he drags behind his chariot because that’s how Achilles rolls, until Hector’s father, Priam, comes and begs for his son’s corpse and Achilles relents and they have dinner together, and then the book ends with the war still going on and nothing really resolved. And that’s The Iliad. When The Odyssey opens, it’s ten years later, and everyone is already back home except for Odysseus. His son Telemachus and his wife Penelope don’t know if he’s dead or alive, but Homer reveals that he’s on the Isle of Ogygia, imprisoned by the nymph Calypso, who’s so hot for Odysseus even though he spends his days laying on the beach and crying that she won’t let him go. But finally the gods intervene and after a series of adventures and a whole lot of backstory he finally returns home to Ithaca in disguise and kills several dozen suitors who have been drinking all of his wine, eating his beeves, annoying his wife and plotting to kill his son. And it seems like a cycle of violence is just going to continue on, probably forever, until the goddess Athena who loves Odysseus intervenes and restores peace. The end. Thanks, Thought Bubble. So, some of the big questions around The Odyssey are Odysseus’ heroic characteristics, the epic’s double standard for women, and whether you can ever actually stop a cycle of violence. Odysseus hardly appears in The Iliad and he’s not a particularly great fighter; in fact, he’s a pretty sleazy guy. He leads a night raid into the enemy camp and kills a bunch of sleeping Trojans. That’s not particularly glorious. But it is typical of Odysseus, who will pretty much do whatever it takes to survive. I mean, his distinguishing quality is metis, which means skill, or cunning. Odysseus is smart; he’s really smart. I mean, he’s an incredibly persuasive speaker and he can talk his way out of the stickiest of situations, even ones that involve, like, Cyclopses. He’s also kind of a monster of self-interest, and if he weren’t so smug and overconfident he might have gotten home in less than, you know, like, a gajllion years. The best example of this is probably Odysseus’ encounter with the Cyclops. So Odysseus and his men land on the island of the Cyclops, and he and several of his guys settle into the Cyclops’ cave, feasting on the delicious goat cheese that the Cyclops has hoarded, and then, expecting the Cyclops to return and offer them gifts, because that’s what you do when someone breaks into your house. I mean yes, there was an ancient Greek tradition of hospitality, but that’s taking it pretty far; and for the record, it’s also pretty much exactly what the suitors are doing in Odysseus’ house, for which he kills them. So the Cyclops comes home and he’s so thoroughly not psyched about these guys in his cave that he begins to eat them, and in response Odysseus gets the Cyclops drunk and then blinds him with a flaming spear, which is fairly easy to do because of course he only has one eye. Odysseus has given his name as Noman, so when the Cyclops cries out “No man is hurting me! No man is killing me!” the other Cyclopes don’t come to his aide, because you know they think there’s no man hurting him. It’s a pun. It’s a blindingly good pun. But then when it seems like Odysseus might get away with it, he can’t tolerate the idea that “no man” is going to get the credit so he announces his actual name, causing the Cyclops to call down curses on him, which culminates in all of his men being killed. Just as a rule of thumb, you do not want to be friends with Odysseus, and you also don’t want to be his enemy. Just stay away. So Odysseus is a trickster and a liar and a pirate and a serial adulterer, and he’s responsible for the death of a lot of people, and he also has probably the worst sense of direction in all of Greek literature. But is he a hero? Yes. To the Greeks, heroism didn’t mean perfection, it meant that you had an extraordinary attribute or ability, and Odysseus definitely does. It’s not for nothing that he’s the favorite of Athena, the goddess of wisdom. I mean, she applauds all of his tricks and stratagems, and she encourages us to applaud them too, even though from our contemporary perspective, he’s a pretty shady dude. Speaking of contemporary perspective, one of Odysseus’ least stellar qualities is his attitude toward women. He’s really big on this sexual double standard in which the exact same behavior types women as sluts and men as studs. Actually the whole epic in general is incredibly—wait, why is my desk moving? Oh, the secret compartment is open. It must be time for the open letter. What have we got today? Well, it’s Medusa, a representation of woman as a monstrous serpent. An open letter to the patriarchy: how are you so incredibly resilient? Also, please explain something to me. How is it that the only way for someone to become like a good heroic strong man is to have sex with lots of women, but if a woman has sex with lots of men, she’s like tainted and impure and horrible? Patriarchy, I don’t want to get too deeply into math but in order for men to have sex with a lot of women, a lot of women have to have sex with men. That’s it, that’s the only way, patriarchy! So basically you’re saying that the only way for men to achieve manliness is for women to fail at womanliness! It’s bad! Actually, it’s evil! I hate you! Best wishes, John Green. Yeah, so the whole epic is incredibly paranoid about female sexuality. I mean the story that haunts The Odyssey is that of Agamemnon, the leader of the Achaeans, who returns victorious from the war, only to be murdered by his wife and her lover. And then when they meet in the underworld, Agamemnon’s ghost warns Odysseus that he better come home in secret because Penelope might try and have him killed too. And the misogyny doesn’t end there; I mean this is a book full of monsters, and, Cyclops aside, a lot of them are female; like the Sirens who lure men too their deaths, or Scylla, who’s basically an octopus with teeth. Then of course there’s Charybdis, a hole that sucks men to their doom. You can explore the Freudian implications of that one over at Crash Course Psychology. Meanwhile Odysseus sleeps with like every manner of magical lady and nearly marries an island princess, but he assures us that he was always true to his wife “in his heart.” Which is nice, but it would be even nicer if he were true to his wife in his pants. Stan, who is ever the stickler for historical accuracy, would like me to acknowledge that Odysseus didn’t wear pants because they weren’t a thing in Greece yet, so he wasn’t true to his wife in like his toga or his loincloth or whatever. Anyway, even as he’s sleeping around, Odysseus is incredibly concerned with whether or not Penelope is chaste. If she isn’t, he’ll likely kill her. After all, he later executes all the housemaids for sleeping with the suitors, and he’s not even married to them. The epic seems like it’s building to a climactic scene wherein Odysseus is going to test Penelope’s faithfulness, but instead it’s Penelope who tests Odysseus. When he reveals himself to her, she doesn’t recognize him. She forces him to prove himself by speaking the secret of their marriage bed, and only then does she embrace him in one of the most beautiful lines in all of Homer: “And so she too rejoiced, her gaze upon her husband, her white arms round him pressed as though forever.” Some ancient commentators believed the poem should end right there like any good romance would, with Odysseus and Penelope blissfully reunited, but it doesn’t. See Odysseus and a couple of his friends, with a big assist from Athena, have slaughtered all the suitors and the serving maids, and that’s a problem, because this isn’t The Iliad. They aren’t at war. The Iliad is a poem of war, and it’s main concern is kleos, which means glory or renown achieved on the battlefield that guarantees you a kind of immortality because your deeds are so amazing that everyone’s going to sing about you forever. Achilles didn’t get to go home. He had two choices: he could stay and fight and win glory, or he could go home and live a long and quiet life. In The Iliad, Achilles went for glory. But The Odyssey is about the alternative. It’s about what we do after a war, how we put war away. Odysseus isn’t particularly good at this. He’s sort of an ancient example of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. He’s been through so much that he doesn’t know how to adjust to peacetime; his response to young men taking over his dining hall and barbecuing all of his pigs is mass slaughter. And the slaughter of the suitors leads to their relatives coming to try to slaughter Odysseus, and if Athena hadn’t descended from Olympus, conveniently, and put a stop to it, pretty soon there would have been no one left on Ithaca alive. And that’s a sobering final thought: if it weren’t for divine intervention, the humans in this story might have continued that cycle of violence forever. The Odyssey is a poem set in peacetime, but it reminds us that humans have never been particularly good at leaving war behind them. Next week we’ll be discussing another story with lots of sex and violence and Greeks: Oedipus. Thanks for watching. I’ll see you then. Crash Course is made with the help of all of these nice people and it is brought to you today by Crash Course viewer and Subbable subscriber Damian Shaw. Damian wants to say thanks for all your support to Bryonie, Stew, Peter, Morgan and Maureen. And today’s video is cosponsored by Max Loutzenheiser and Katy Cocco. Thank you so much for subscribing on Subbable and supporting Crash Course so we can keep making it free for everyone forever. You can help the show continue and grow at Subbable.com. Thank you for watching, and as we say in my hometown, don’t forget to be awesome.

Early life

Hamilton was born in Ramapo, New York,[2] the eldest child of William Pierson Hamilton (1869–1950) and Juliet Pierpont Morgan (1870–1952). Her siblings included Pierpont Morgan Hamilton (1898–1982),[3] Laurens Morgan Hamilton (1900–1978), Alexander Morgan Hamilton (1903–1970), and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton (1908–1919).[4][5] She grew up at the family's estate "Table Rock" in Sloatsburg, New York.[5][6]

Her paternal grandfather was William Gaston Hamilton (1832–1913), a consulting engineer of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company who was the son of John Church Hamilton (1792−1882)[7] and grandson of the first Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton. Her maternal grandparents were Fanny (née Tracy) Morgan (1842–1924) and John Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913).[8]

Career

In the late 1930s, Helen was involved with the historic preservation of colonial Williamsburg, Virginia and was a founding trustee of the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1953.[9] She served as president of the Foundation for the Preservation of Historic Georgetown, and a fellow of the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York.[1]

During World War II, after the death of her first husband, she entered the United States Army and was active in the formation of the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps,[10] serving as deputy director, achieving the rank of Lieutenant colonel.[1][11] In 1947, she was appointed consultant to Robert P. Patterson, U.S. Secretary of War, in connection with the proposed universal military training program. In this role, she advised Lt. Gen. Raymond S. McLain on matters pertaining to parents' interests in the proposed program.[12]

In 1949, she became director of the public liaison of the Economic Cooperation Administration, which administered the Marshall Plan. She served in that post for two years until she then completed a survey for the Fund for Adult Education for the Ford Foundation.[13]

In 1953, Helen helped Hamilton College place her great-great-grandfather Alexander Hamilton's desk, on which he wrote his part of The Federalist Papers, on permanent exhibition. She was introduced by the college's president, Robert Ward McEwen, who noted that the college awarded an honorary doctor of laws degree to Hamilton's son in 1861 and grandson, Dr. Allan McLane Hamilton, in 1912, who had gifted the desk to the college.[14]

In 1959, she served on the United States Committee for the Atlantic Congress.[15]

Personal life

On June 10, 1916, Hamilton married Arthur Hale Woods (1870–1942), who was the New York City Police Commissioner.[4][8] They moved to Washington when Woods served in the War Department.[16] Before Woods's death in 1942,[17] Hamilton had four children:[1]

On March 5, 1955, Hamilton married the banker and diplomat Warren Randolph Burgess (1889–1978),[13][32][33] who was serving as the Undersecretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs in the Eisenhower administration and later was the Ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.[34] They remained married until his death in 1978.[35]

Helen died of cardiac arrest at the age of 88 on January 25, 1985, in Mystic, Connecticut.[1][9][15]

Residence

In 1915, Hamilton purchased the Georgetown home of Robert Todd Lincoln and lived there until 1984.[36]

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e "Helen H. Burgess Dies at 88; Historic Preservation Leader". The New York Times. 28 January 1985. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  2. ^ "Arthur Woods". davidleas.com. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  3. ^ "MISS BLAIR, BRIDE OF P.M. HAMILTON; Youngest Daughter of C. Ledyard Blair Weds Grandson of Late J. Pierpont Morgan. | NUPTIAL IN BERNARDSVILLE | Bishop Rhinelander Officiates in St.John's Chapel-on-the-Mountain--Reception at Blairsden". The New York Times. 12 September 1919. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  4. ^ a b "ARTHUR WOOODS WILL WED KIN OF MORGAN; Police Commissioner Engaged to Miss H. M. Hamilton, Granddaughter of Late Financier. ACTIVE IN CHARITY WORK Debutante of Last Winter Is Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wm, Pierson Hamilton -- Mr. Woods' Career". The New York Times. 18 March 1916. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  5. ^ a b "Sisters Servants of Mary Immaculate". ssmi-us.org. Sisters Servants of Mary Immaculate. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  6. ^ Reynolds, Cuyler (1914). Genealogical and Family History of Southern New York and the Hudson River Valley: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of a Commonwealth and the Building of a Nation. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 1390. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  7. ^ "The Death List of a Day. John Church Hamilton". The New York Times. July 26, 1882. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  8. ^ a b "MISS HAMILTON'S WEDDING.; Plans for Ceremony with Police Commissioner Woods on June 10" (PDF). The New York Times. June 3, 1916. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  9. ^ a b "Helen Hamilton Burgess, the great-great-granddaughter of American revolutionary Alexander..." UPI. January 26, 1985. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  10. ^ Treadwell, Mattie E. (1991). UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II Special Studies THE WOMEN'S ARMY CORPS. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History | United States Army. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  11. ^ Times, Special To The New York (7 September 1945). "Col. Woods Second in the Wac". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  12. ^ Times, Special To The New York (6 February 1947). "MRS. WOODS IN WAR POST; Former Wac Officer Will Advise on Universal Training Plan". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  13. ^ a b Times, Special To The New York (22 February 1955). "W. Randolph Burgess, Treasury Of fleet, Will Many Mrs. Arthur Woods M". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  14. ^ "HAMILTON'S DESK SHOWN; Great - Great - Granddaughter Helps in College Ceremony". The New York Times. December 18, 1953. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  15. ^ a b "Helen Burgess, Was WAC Aide During WW II". The Washington Post. 28 January 1985. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  16. ^ Social Register, Summer. Social Register Association. 1920. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  17. ^ "Arthur Woods, 72, Is Dead In Capital. Police Commissioner Here in 1914 to '18 Introduced New Methods of Enforcement. Air Colonel With The A.E.F.; Sociologist, Former Reporter, Taught Roosevelt at Groton. Wed Late J.P. Morgan Kin". New York Times. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
  18. ^ "Claire Wood". legacy.com. The Berkshire Eagle. 3 January 2006. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  19. ^ "J. P. WOODS TO WED CLARE W. STREETER; Son of Police Ex-Commissioner, Kin of Morgans and Hamilton, to Marry Smith Alumna". The New York Times. 17 March 1947. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  20. ^ Times, Special To The New York (21 July 1953). "Mrs. J. P. Woods Wins Divorce". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  21. ^ Times, Special To The New York (11 April 1954). "MISS JOAN HOLDEN A BRIDE IN CHAPEL; Wed to John Pierpont Woods, Naval Air Arm Veteran, at Christ Church, Methodist". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  22. ^ Times, Special To The New York (15 January 1954). "MISS JOAN HOLDEN BECOMES ENGAGED Hall-School Graduate Will Be Wed to John P. Woods, Son of Late Police Commissioner". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  23. ^ Times, Special To The New York (29 January 1955). "Daughter to Mrs. John Woods". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  24. ^ Times, Special to The New York (19 September 1948). "COLORADO WEDDING FOR ANINA PAEPCKE | She ls Bride in Sedalia Church of Leonard Woods, Son of Former Police Head Here". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  25. ^ Times, Special To The New York (14 April 1960). "WALTER PAEPCKE, ART PATRON, DIES; Developer of Aspen, Colo., as Cultural Center Was Head of Container Corporation". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  26. ^ "Mrs. Paepcke Woods Becomes Bride of Ian Morgan Hamilton (January 27, 1963)". Chicago Tribune. January 27, 1963. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  27. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths HAMILTON, IAN MORGAN". The New York Times. 23 November 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  28. ^ Times, Special To The New York (28 May 1948). "TROTH ANNOUNCED OF CAROLIE WOODS; Member of Noted Family the Fiancee of Lieut. Valentine Hollingsworth Jr., USMC". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  29. ^ Times, Special to The New York (3 October 1948). "CAROLIE F. WOODS GEORGETOWN BRIDE Daughter of Ex-Commissioner of Police in New York Wed to Valentine Hollingsworth Jr". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  30. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths NOBLE, CAROLIE WOODS". The New York Times. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  31. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths NOBLE, MARSHALL HAYS". The New York Times. 11 January 2002. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  32. ^ "MONEY SITUATION GOOD DR. BURGESS DECLARES; Federal Reserve Official Talks to Credit Men--Circulation Down $150,000,000". The New York Times. 18 March 1930. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  33. ^ "Burgess on Advisory Council". The New York Times. 4 January 1947. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  34. ^ Blair, W. Granger (4 September 1959). "PRESIDENT GIVES NATO ASSURANCE; Stresses U.S. Support for Alliance in a Speech on Visit to Headquarters". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  35. ^ Times, Special To The New York (6 November 1978). "OBITUARIES | Eisenhower Administration Official". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  36. ^ Orton, Kathy (27 July 2012). "A Georgetown home for $8.995M". The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Sources
Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.
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