Hala Y. Jarbou | |
---|---|
Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan | |
Assumed office July 18, 2022 | |
Preceded by | Robert James Jonker |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan | |
Assumed office September 23, 2020 | |
Appointed by | Donald Trump |
Preceded by | Robert Holmes Bell |
Judge of the 6th Circuit Court of Michigan | |
In office October 20, 2015 – September 23, 2020 | |
Appointed by | Rick Snyder |
Preceded by | Colleen O'Brien |
Succeeded by | Yasmine I. Poles |
Personal details | |
Born | 1971 (age 52–53) Tel Kaif, Iraq |
Education | University of Michigan–Dearborn (BBA) Wayne State University (JD) |
Hala Yalda Jarbou (born 1971)[1] is the Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan. She is the first Chaldean federal judge.[2]
YouTube Encyclopedic
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The history of the barometer (and how it works) - Asaf Bar-Yosef
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Would you opt for a life with no pain? - Hayley Levitt and Bethany Rickwald
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Can you solve the famously difficult green-eyed logic puzzle? - Alex Gendler
Transcription
Aristotle famously said, "Nature fears of empty space" when he claimed that a true vacuum, a space devoid of matter, could not exist because the surrounding matter would immediately fill it. Fortunately, he turned out to be wrong. A vacuum is a key component of the barometer, an instrument for measuring air pressure. And because air pressure correlates to temperature and rapid shifts in it can contribute to hurricanes, tornadoes and other extreme weather events, a barometer is one of the most essential tools for weather forecasters and scientists alike. How does a barometer work, and how was it invented? Well, it took awhile. Because the theory of Aristotle and other ancient philosophers regarding the impossibility of a vacuum seemed to hold true in everyday life, few seriously thought to question it for nearly 2,000 years -- until necessity raised the issue. In the early 17th century, Italian miners faced a serious problem when they found that their pumps could not raise water more than 10.3 meters high. Some scientists at the time, including one Galileo Galilei, proposed that sucking air out of the pipe was what made water rise to replace the void. But that its force was limited and could lift no more than 10.3 meters of water. However, the idea of a vacuum existing at all was still considered controversial. And the excitement over Galileo's unorthodox theory, led Gasparo Berti to conduct a simple but brilliant experiment to demonstrate that it was possible. A long tube was filled with water and placed standing in a shallow pool with both ends plugged. The bottom end of the tube was then opened and water poured out into the basin until the level of the water remaining in the tube was 10.3 meters. With a gap remaining at the top, and no air having entered the tube, Berti had succeeded in directly creating a stable vacuum. But even though the possibility of a vacuum had been demonstrated, not everyone was satisfied with Galileo's idea that this empty void was exerting some mysterious yet finite force on the water. Evangelista Torricelli, Galileo's young pupil and friend, decided to look at the problem from a different angle. Instead of focusing on the empty space inside the tube, he asked himself, "What else could be influencing the water?" Because the only thing in contact with the water was the air surrounding the pool, he believed the pressure from this air could be the only thing preventing the water level in the tube from dropping further. He realized that the experiment was not only a tool to create a vacuum, but operated as a balance between the atmospheric pressure on the water outside the tube and the pressure from the water column inside the tube. The water level in the tube decreases until the two pressures are equal, which just happens to be when the water is at 10.3 meters. This idea was not easily accepted, as Galileo and others had traditionally thought that atmospheric air has no weight and exerts no pressure. Torricelli decided to repeat Berti's experiment with mercury instead of water. Because mercury was denser, it fell farther than the water and the mercury column stood only about 76 centimeters tall. Not only did this allow Torricelli to make the instrument much more compact, it supported his idea that weight was the deciding factor. A variation on the experiment used two tubes with one having a large bubble at the top. If Galileo's interpretation had been correct, the bigger vacuum in the second tube should have exerted more suction and lifted the mercury higher. But the level in both tubes was the same. The ultimate support for Torricelli's theory came via Blaise Pascal who had such a mercury tube taken up a mountain and showed that the mercury level dropped as the atmospheric pressure decreased with altitude. Mercury barometers based on Torricelli's original model remained one of the most common ways to measure atmospheric pressure until 2007 when restrictions on the use of mercury due to its toxicity led to them no longer being produced in Europe. Nevertheless, Torricelli's invention, born of the willingness to question long accepted dogmas about vacuums and the weight of air, is an outstanding example of how thinking outside of the box -- or the tube -- can have a heavy impact.
Education
Jarbou earned her Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Michigan–Dearborn, with high distinction, and her Juris Doctor from the Wayne State University Law School.[3]
Career
After graduating from law school, Jarbou served as an assistant prosecuting attorney in the Oakland County Prosecutor's Office, where she prosecuted general felony offenses, homicides, child sexual assault, and high-profile felony cases. In 2010, she became an Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan, where she prosecuted cases involving drug and firearms offenses, child pornography, and high-level drug trafficking.[3] She was an associate professor of the Paralegal Program at Oakland University from April–July 2005.[4]
State judicial service
On October 20, 2015, Jarbou was appointed to be a judge on the Oakland County Circuit Court by Michigan Governor Rick Snyder to the vacancy left by Judge Colleen O'Brien, who was appointed to the Michigan Court of Appeals.[5] She was sworn in on January 20, 2016.[6] Her service on the state court terminated when she received her judicial commission as a federal judge.
Federal judicial service
On March 11, 2020, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Jarbou to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan. On March 18, 2020, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Jarbou to the seat vacated by Judge Robert Holmes Bell, who assumed senior status on January 31, 2017.[7] A hearing on her nomination before the Senate Judiciary Committee was held on June 24, 2020.[8] On July 30, 2020, her nomination was reported out of committee by a 18–4 vote.[9] On September 9, 2020, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by an 80–15 vote.[10] On September 10, 2020, her nomination was confirmed by an 83–15 vote.[11] She received her judicial commission on September 23, 2020. She became chief judge on July 18, 2022.[12]
Memberships
Jarbou is a member of the following:[4]
- State Bar of Michigan, 1997–present
- Michigan Judges Association, 2015–present
- Federal Bar Association (Detroit chapter), 2010–present
- Oakland County Bar Association, 2015–present
- Federalist Society, 2011–present
Personal life
Jarbou was born in 1971 in Tel Keppe (Tel Kaif), Iraq and now resides in West Bloomfield. She is an ethnic Assyrian and belongs to the Chaldean Catholic denomination.[13]
References
- ^ "United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees: Hala Jarbou" (PDF).
- ^ "Trump Nominates First Chaldean for Federal Bench". www.aina.org. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
- ^ a b "President Donald J. Trump Announces Judicial Nominee and United States Marshal Nominee". whitehouse.gov – via National Archives.
- ^ a b "Hon. Hala Jarbou". www.oakgov.com. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
- ^ Halcom, Chad (October 20, 2015). "Matis, Jarbou appointed to vacancies at Oakland County Circuit Court". Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
- ^ "Welcomed to the bench: Judge Jarbou gets officially sworn in". www.legalnews.com. February 3, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
- ^ "Eight Nominations and One Withdrawal Sent to the Senate". whitehouse.gov – via National Archives.
- ^ "Nominations | United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary". www.judiciary.senate.gov. June 24, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
- ^ "Results of Executive Business Meeting – July 30, 2020, Senate Judiciary Committee" (PDF).
- ^ "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Hala Y. Jarbou to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Michigan)". www.senate.gov.
- ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Hala Y. Jarbou, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Michigan)". www.senate.gov.
- ^ Hala Y. Jarbou at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ "Trump Nominates First Chaldean for Federal Bench". March 13, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
External links
- Hala Y. Jarbou at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- Hala Jarbou at Ballotpedia