Syncytin-2

ERVFRD-1

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1Y4M

Identifiers

Aliases

ERVFRD-1, ERVFRDE1, GLLL6191, HERV-FRD, HERV-W/FRD, UNQ6191, envFRD, endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, envelope

External IDs

OMIM: 610524 MGI: 3045308 HomoloGene: 86779 GeneCards: ERVFRD-1

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)^[1]

Band	6p24.2	Start	11,102,489 bp^[1]
Band	6p24.2	End	11,111,725 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 14 (mouse)^[2]

Band	14\|14 D2	Start	69,526,793 bp^[2]
Band	14\|14 D2	End	69,531,748 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

placenta

retinal pigment epithelium

gallbladder

fundus

left adrenal gland

smooth muscle tissue

urinary bladder

gastric mucosa

rectum

small intestine

Top expressed in

placenta

ovary

jejunum

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


405754


239167

Ensembl


ENSG00000244476


ENSMUSG00000047977

UniProt


P60508


Q8BI41

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_207582


NM_173420

RefSeq (protein)


NP_997465


NP_775596

Location (UCSC)

Chr 6: 11.1 – 11.11 Mb

Chr 14: 69.53 – 69.53 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Syncytin-2 also known as endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERVFRD-1 gene.^[5] This protein plays a key role in the implantation of human embryos in the womb.^[6]

This gene is conserved among all primates, with an estimated age of 45 million years. The receptor for this fusogenic env protein is MFSD2. The mouse syncytins are not true orthologues.^[7]

The virus, along with some very similar insertions, belong to a group under the Gammaretrovirus-like class I ERVs. Similar ERVs are found in artiodactyls, a result of an independent integration event.^[8] A proposed nomenclature suggests putting all such "class I" elements in a genus-level taxon separate from Gammaretrovirus.^[9]

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References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000244476 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047977 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: HERV-FRD HERV-FRD provirus ancestral Env polyprotein".
^ Vargas A, Moreau J, Landry S, LeBellego F, Toufaily C, Rassart E, Lafond J, Barbeau B (2009). "Syncytin-2 plays an important role in the fusion of human trophoblast cells". Journal of Molecular Biology. 392 (2): 301–18. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.025. PMID 19616006.
^ Lavialle C, Cornelis G, Dupressoir A, Esnault C, Heidmann O, Vernochet C, Heidmann T (September 2013). "Paleovirology of 'syncytins', retroviral env genes exapted for a role in placentation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 368 (1626): 20120507. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0507. PMC 3758191. PMID 23938756.
^ Vargiu, L; Rodriguez-Tomé, P; Sperber, GO; Cadeddu, M; Grandi, N; Blikstad, V; Tramontano, E; Blomberg, J (22 January 2016). "Classification and characterization of human endogenous retroviruses; mosaic forms are common". Retrovirology. 13: 7. doi:10.1186/s12977-015-0232-y. PMC 4724089. PMID 26800882.
^ Gifford, RJ; Blomberg, J; Coffin, JM; Fan, H; Heidmann, T; Mayer, J; Stoye, J; Tristem, M; Johnson, WE (28 August 2018). "Nomenclature for endogenous retrovirus (ERV) loci". Retrovirology. 15 (1): 59. doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0442-1. PMC 6114882. PMID 30153831.

de Parseval N, Lazar V, Casella JF, Benit L, Heidmann T (October 2003). "Survey of human genes of retroviral origin: identification and transcriptome of the genes with coding capacity for complete envelope proteins". Journal of Virology. 77 (19): 10414–22. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.19.10414-10422.2003. PMC 228468. PMID 12970426.
Blaise S, de Parseval N, Bénit L, Heidmann T (October 2003). "Genomewide screening for fusogenic human endogenous retrovirus envelopes identifies syncytin 2, a gene conserved on primate evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (22): 13013–8. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10013013B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2132646100. PMC 240736. PMID 14557543.
Blaise S, Ruggieri A, Dewannieux M, Cosset FL, Heidmann T (January 2004). "Identification of an envelope protein from the FRD family of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV-FRD) conferring infectivity and functional conservation among simians". Journal of Virology. 78 (2): 1050–4. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.2.1050-1054.2004. PMC 368808. PMID 14694139.
Renard M, Varela PF, Letzelter C, Duquerroy S, Rey FA, Heidmann T (October 2005). "Crystal structure of a pivotal domain of human syncytin-2, a 40 million years old endogenous retrovirus fusogenic envelope gene captured by primates". Journal of Molecular Biology. 352 (5): 1029–34. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.07.058. PMID 16140326.
Malassiné A, Blaise S, Handschuh K, Lalucque H, Dupressoir A, Evain-Brion D, Heidmann T (2007). "Expression of the fusogenic HERV-FRD Env glycoprotein (syncytin 2) in human placenta is restricted to villous cytotrophoblastic cells". Placenta. 28 (2–3): 185–91. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2006.03.001. PMID 16714059.

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1y4m: Crystal structure of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-FRD envelope protein (syncitin-2)

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This page was last edited on 1 December 2023, at 05:03

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