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Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Gustavus Hamilton, governor of Enniskillen.

Gustavus Hamilton
Viscount Boyne
Detail from the portrait below
Tenure1717–1723
SuccessorGustavus, 2nd Viscount Boyne
Born1642
Died16 September 1723
Spouse(s)Elizabeth Brooke
Issue
Detail		Frederick, Gustavus, Henry, & others
FatherFrederick Hamilton
MotherSidney Vaughan

Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne PC (Ire) (1642–1723) was an Irish soldier and politician. In his youth, he fought in his cousin Sir George Hamilton's regiment for the French in the Franco-Dutch War. About 1678 he obtained a commission in the Irish Army. James II appointed him to the Irish Privy Council in 1685.

During the Williamite War Hamilton fought for the Prince of Orange defending Coleraine in 1689, fighting at the Boyne in 1690, fording the Shannon at the Siege of Athlone in June 1691, and fighting at Aughrim in July. George I ennobled him in 1715.

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Transcription

Birth and origins

Family tree
Gustavus Hamilton with his 1st wife, his parents, and other selected relatives.[a]
Claud
1st Lord
Paisley
1546–1621		Margaret
Seton
d. 1616
James
1st Earl
Abercorn
1575–1618		Frederick
1590–1647
Soldier		Sidney
Vaughan
George
1st Baronet
Donalong
c. 1608 – 1679		James of
Manor-
hamilton
d. 1652		Gustavus
1st
Viscount
1642–1723		Elizabeth
Brooke
d. 1721
George
d. 1676
Soldier		Frederick
c. 1663 – 1715
d.v.p.*		Gustavus
c. 1685 – 1735
Politician
Gustavus
2nd
Viscount
1710–1746		Frederick
3rd
Viscount
1718–1772		Richard
4th
Viscount
1724–1789
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article		XXXViscounts
Boyne		XXXEarl of
Abercorn
*d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris)

Gustavus was born in 1642,[b] probably at Manorhamilton Castle, County Leitrim, Ireland, built by his father. He was the third son of Frederick Hamilton and Sidney Vaughan.[2][3][4] His father was the fifth and youngest son of Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley, Scotland, and brother of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn.

Gustavus's mother was the only child and heiress of Sir John Vaughan, who had been governor of Derry.[5] Her family was of Welsh origin.

Gustavus was named for the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus for whom his father had fought during the Thirty Years' War in Germany.[6] Gustavus had two brothers and one sister, who are listed in his father's article.

Early life and Franco-Dutch War

Hamilton's father died in 1647 in Scotland[7] when Hamilton was about five years old. Hamilton immatriculated at Trinity College Dublin in 1661[1] but seems to have abandoned his studies without obtaining a degree. In 1672 he went to France and became a captain in the regiment of Sir George Hamilton, his cousin once removed, the son of Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Donalong, his first cousin (see family tree). The regiment fought for Louis XIV against the Holy Roman Empire in the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) on the upper Rhine in the battles of Sinsheim and Entzheim in 1674, as well as the battles of Turckheim, Sasbach, and Altenheim in 1675. When Sir George was killed in action at the Col de Saverne in 1676, Hamilton left and returned to Ireland.[8]

Marriage and children

Hamilton married before 1686.[c] His bride was Elizabeth Brooke, second daughter of Sir Henry Brooke,[10] but eldest daughter by his second wife, Anne St George. Brooke was knight of Brookeborough, County Fermanagh, and governor of Donegal Castle but had died in 1671.[11][12][13]

Gustavus and Elizabeth had three sons:

  1. Frederick (died 1715), married in 1707;[14][15] predeceased his father, but his son became the 2nd Viscount.[16]
  2. Gustavus of Red Wood, King's County (died 1734), MP for County Donegal[15]
  3. Henry (1692–1743), MP for County Donegal[17]

—and a daughter:

  1. Elizabeth, married Charles Lambart[18][19]

Pre-war in Ireland

In 1677 Hamilton accompanied James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond, to Oxford where he was awarded the degree of a Doctor of Civil Law by the University of Oxford.[20] By 1678 he was a captain in the Irish Army.[21][22]

Hamilton was appointed to the Privy Council of Ireland on the accession of King James II of England in 1685.[23]

In 1688 Hamilton was a major in William Stewart, 1st Viscount Mountjoy's regiment in Derry. On 23 November Tyrconnell ordered Mountjoy to march to Dublin for embarking to England.[24] Mountjoy appointed Robert Lundy governor of the town.[25]

Williamite War

At the Glorious Revolution, Hamilton declared for William of Orange.

In 1689 when Richard Hamilton attacked the Protestants in the north of Ireland, Hamilton organised the defence of Coleraine,[26] which Richard Hamilton reached on 27 March,[27] and resisted five weeks before retreating to Derry.[28]

James called a parliament, known as the Patriot Parliament, which met on 7 May 1689.[29] Hamilton's was one of the 2,470 names on a bill of attainder passed by the parliament.[30] On 18 July the parliament was prorogued.[31][32] In August Schomberg landed at Bangor.[33][34]

painted portrait of Gustavus Hamilton as a young man showing a clean-shaven man wearing a long curly wig, clad in armour, standing in front of some drapery opening on a view on a distant landscape with a castle
Gustavus Hamilton as a young officer wearing armour

Hamilton commanded a regiment at the Battle of the Boyne on 1 July 1690, when his horse was shot under him and he was almost killed.[35]

In June 1691 he fought at the Siege of Athlone under Ginkel, and on 30 June Hamilton took part in the daring attack over a ford on the River Shannon that captured the town.[36] In this attack he commanded the cavalry together with General Thomas Tollemache, while the infantry was commanded by Mackay, Tettau, Monceau de la Melonière and the Prince of Hesse.[37]

In July he fought at the Battle of Aughrim. Ginkel organised his army into four divisions numbered from the north to the south and in two lines. Gustavus with his regiment was in the front line of the second division, i.e. a centre-right position.[38]

Vice-admiral of Ulster

In 1691 Hamilton was appointed Vice-Admiral of Ulster,[39] an honorary position, which he held until 1710 when he passed it on to his son Frederick. It reverted to him on Frederick's untimely death on 10 December 1715.[40] Hamilton, therefore, was Vice-Admiral of Ulster again from 1716 until his death in 1723.[41][42]

He was preceded in this office by a certain Gorges, who was appointed in 1666 and whose first name is not known.[43] He was succeeded by Henry Conyngham, who was Vice Admiral of Ulster from 1748 to 1779.[44].

Irish MP

  1. Hamilton was elected on 22 September 1692 as one of the two MPs for County Donegal in the 1st Irish Parliament of William III and Mary II (5 October 1692 to 26 June 1693). He gave Rosguill, County Donegal, as his residence.[45]
  2. Hamilton was re-elected to his seat for County Donegal at the general election for the 2nd Irish Parliament of King William III (27 August 1695 to 14 June 1699).[46]
  3. Hamilton was again re-elected for County Donegal at the general election for the 1st Irish Parliament of Queen Anne (21 September 1703 to 6 May 1713).[9]
  4. Hamilton was elected to one of the two seats for Strabane at the 1713 general election for the 2nd Irish Parliament of Queen Anne (25 November 1713 to 1 August 1714).[47]

Later career

Hamilton was promoted brigadier general in 1696[48] and major general in 1704.[49] In 1706 he resigned from his regiment and was replaced by lieutenant-colonel John Newton. In May 1710, Queen Anne appointed him to the Privy Council of Ireland.[50]

He bought most of the manor of Stackallan in County Meath from the widow of John Osborne,[51] and about 1715 built Stackallan House (also spelled Stackallen) between Navan and Slane on the left bank of the Boyne just north of the N51.[52][53]

In 1714, at the accession of George I, Hamilton was retained on the new Irish privy council.[54] In 1715 he was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Hamilton of Stackallan, in the County of Meath by King George I.[55] On 20 August 1717, Hamilton was further honoured by the king, when he was created Viscount Boyne, in the Province of Leinster, also in the Irish Peerage.[56] In 1719 he participated in the Capture of Vigo.[57]

His wife died in 1721.[58]

Death, succession, and timeline

Lord Boyne died on 16 September 1723 [59] and was buried in the church of Stackallan.[60] His eldest son, Frederick, having predeceased him in 1715, Boyne was succeeded by his grandson Gustavus as the 2nd Viscount Boyne.[61]

Timeline
Age Date Event
0 1642 Born in Ireland[2]
4–5 1647 Father died.
6–7 30 Jan 1649 King Charles I beheaded.[62]
17–18 29 May 1660 Restoration of King Charles II[63]
18–19 1661, 17 Apr Entered Trinity College, Dublin[1]
29–30 1672 Went to France and became a captain in George Hamilton's regiment[8]
29–30 1676 Returned to England or Ireland[8]
34–35 1677 Awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Law at the University of Oxford[23]
42–43 6 Feb 1685 Accession of King James II, succeeding King Charles II[64]
42–43 1685 Invested as Irish privy councillor by King James II[23]
44–45 8 Jan 1687 Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland[65]
46–47 13 Feb 1689 Accession of William III and Mary II, succeeding King James II[66]
46–47 12 Mar 1689 James II landed at Kinsale, Ireland[67]
46–47 1689 Defended Coleraine against Richard Hamilton.
46–47 1689 Attainted by the Patriot Parliament[32]
46–47 13 Aug 1689 Schomberg landed near Bangor.[34]
47–48 1 Jul 1690 Fought at the Battle of the Boyne[35]
48–49 30 Jun 1691 Waded with the Grenadiers through the river at the Siege of Athlone.[36]
49–50 Feb 1692 Youngest son Henry born.[17]
49–50 22 Sep 1692 Elected as MP for County Donegal[45]
53–54 30 May 1696 Appointed brigadier-general[48]
59–60 8 Mar 1702 Accession of Anne, succeeding William III[68]
63–64 1 May 1706 Resigned the command of his regiment[69]
64–65 1 Sep 1707 Eldest son, Frederick, married Sophia Hamilton, sister of the Earl of Clanbrassil.[14]
67–68 May 1710 Invested as Irish privy councillor by Queen Anne[50]
70–71 25 Nov 1713 Elected as MP for Strabane[47]
71–72 1 Aug 1714 Accession of George I, succeeding Anne[70]
72–73 20 Oct 1715 Created Baron Hamilton of Stackallan[55]
72–73 10 Dec 1715 Eldest son, Frederick, died.[40]
74–75 20 Aug 1717 Created Viscount Boyne[56]
78–79 28 Dec 1721 Wife, Elizabeth Brooke, died at Stackallan[58]
80–81 16 Sep 1723 Died and was buried at Stackallan[59]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne.[71] Also see the list of children in the text.
  2. ^ Gustavus was born in 1642 according to Paul[1] and Murtagh,[2] but his birth was previously given as 1639 by Henderson.[3]
  3. ^ His eldest son was born before 1786 as this son must have been at least 21 when elected MP in 1707.[9]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Paul 1904, p. 45, line 21. "Gustavus born in 1642, entered Trinity College as a Fellow Commoner 17 April 1661, aged nineteen ..."
  2. ^ a b c Murtagh 2004, p. 809. "Hamilton, Gustavus, first viscount Boyne (1642–1723), army officer, was the third son of Frederick Hamilton ..."
  3. ^ a b Henderson 1890, p. 159. "Hamilton, Gustavus, Viscount Boyne (1639–1723) was the second son of Sir Frederick Hamilton ..."
  4. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 289, right column, line 35. "Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne, b. [born] about 1640, was a distinguished military officer in the service of William III."
  5. ^ Lodge 1789b, p. 174. "He [Frederick Hamilton] married Sidney, daughter and heir to Sir John Vaughan, a captain in the Irish army, Privy Counsellor and Governor of the county and city of Londonderry."
  6. ^ Wills 1841, p. 359. "His youngest son Gustavus, so called after the Swedish king ..."
  7. ^ Bergin 2009, 4th paragraph. "He died in Scotland in 1647."
  8. ^ a b c Murtagh 2004, p. 810, left column, line 1. "... joined the army, serving 1672 to 1676 as captain in France in Sir George Hamilton's regiment."
  9. ^ a b House of Commons 1878, p. 645, Donegal, line 3. "Frederick Hamilton, esq., in place of H. Cunningham, deceased / Donegal County"
  10. ^ Lodge 1789b, p. 178, line 3. "He married Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Henry Brooke of Brooke's-Borough in the county of Fermanagh, Knt. ..."
  11. ^ Lodge 1789b, p. 178, line 6. "... and died in August 1671 ..."
  12. ^ Debrett 1828, p. 765 line 26. "... m. [married] Elizabeth, da. [daughter] of Sir Henry Brooke, of Brooke's Borough, co. Fermanagh, knt., and by her had issue ..."
  13. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 315, right column. "1. Elizabeth, m. [married] Gustavus, 1st Viscount Boyne."
  14. ^ a b Lodge 1789a, p. 10. "Sophia married 1 September 1707 to Frederick Hamilton, Esq. father of Gustavus, Lord Boyne;"
  15. ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 289, right column, line 52. "Gustavus of Red Wood, King's co., M.P. for the co. Donegal ..."
  16. ^ Debrett 1828, p. 765 line 29. "Frederick, m. [married] 1707 Sophia, sister of James, Viscount Limerick, and d. [died] 1715 leaving issue Gustavus 2nd viscount."
  17. ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 289, right column, line 60. "Henry, M.P. for Donegal and Collector of the Port of Cork, b. [born] Feb 1692;"
  18. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 290, left column, bottom. "Elizabeth, m. [married] Charles Lambart, of Painstown, M.P., grandson of the 1st Earl of Cavan, and had issue."
  19. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1182, left column. "Charles Lambart, of Painstown, M.P. for Kilbeggan 1695–9, 1703–13, and 1715–27, and for Cavan 1713–15, m. [married] Hon. Elizabeth Hamilton, only dau. [daughter] of Gustavus, Viscount Boyne, and d. [died] 1 September 1753 ..."
  20. ^ Lodge 1789b, p. 175, line 12. "... and attending the Duke of Ormond, Chancellor of Oxford, to that university, had the degree of Doctor of Laws conferred on him 6 August 1677."
  21. ^ Murtagh 2004, p. 810, left column. "From 1678 Hamilton was listed as a captain in the irish Army ..."
  22. ^ Daniell 1907, p. 18. "March 9. [1675]. The King to the Lord Lieutenant. Recommending Capt. Gustavus Hamilton to be captain of the first foot company that shall fall void in the Irish army ..."
  23. ^ a b c Lodge 1789b, p. 175, line 14. "On the accession of K. James II. he was sworn on the Privy Council;"
  24. ^ Lodge 1789c, p. 248: "... which the Lord Deputy Tyrconnel perceiving, he ordered their march towards Dublin by 23 November that year, for their transportation to England..."
  25. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 56. "the other six [companies of Mountjoy's regiment] having stayed in Derry, with Colonel Lundy and Gustavus Hamilton, the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major of that regiment;"
  26. ^ Doherty 1998, p. 43. "The garrison [of coleraine] was commanded by Major Gustavus Hamilton ..."
  27. ^ Doherty 2008, p. 50. "Richard Hamilton's army reached Coleraine on 27 March."
  28. ^ Webb 1878, p. 241. "At the beginning of the war of 1689–'91, the Protestants of Coleraine entrusted him [Gustavus Hamilton] with the defence of their town."
  29. ^ Simms 1976, p. 498. "... James summoned a parliament which met ... on 7 May [1689]."
  30. ^ Lodge 1789b, p. 175, line 15. "... but being a steady asserter of the laws of his country, he quitted that King's service on his open violation of them and was attainted by his parliament."
  31. ^ Simms 1976, p. 491. "The parliament sat for 10 weeks and was prorogued on 18 July [1689]."
  32. ^ a b Murtagh 2004, p. 810, left column, line 9. "... was attainted by the Jacobite parliament in 1689."
  33. ^ Joyce 1903, p. 216. "landed in August 1689, at Bangor, with an army of about lS,000men."
  34. ^ a b Simms 1976, p. 494. "Schomberg finally sailed on 12 August [1689], landed in Bangor Bay in Belfast Lough the next day."
  35. ^ a b Lodge 1789b, p. 175, line 35. "... he headed a regiment at the battle of the Boyne, where having his horse killed under him, he narrowly escaped death."
  36. ^ a b Lodge 1789b, p. 175, line 38. "... he waded the Shannon at the head of the grenadiers and storming the town of Athlone, he was appointed, upon its surrender, Governor thereof."
  37. ^ Boyle 1867, p. 262, penultimate line. "... a strong supporting column of cavalry commanded by General Talmash and Colonel Gustavus Hamilton and by 2000 chosen infantry troops under the direction of Mackey, Tettau, La Mellioneire, and the Prince of Hesse."
  38. ^ Boyle 1867, p. 294. "The second division, front, presents the regiments of Kirke, Gustavus Hamilton, Herbert, Lord George Hamilton, Foulke, Bellasis, and Brewer;"
  39. ^ Baker 1884, p. 136. "In 1691, Gustavus Hamilton, Esqre., was Vice-Admiral of the Province of Ulster ..."
  40. ^ a b G. E. C. 1912, p. 267, line 9. "... [Frederick] d. v.p. [predeceased his father] 10 Dec. 1715."
  41. ^ Sainty 2003, p. [1]. "1666 Gorges, - App. [appointed] 16 Jan. 1666 ... / 1691 Hamilton, Gustavus App. 31 Aug. 1691 ... 8 Oct. 1702 ... / 1710 Hamilton, Frederick App. 10 Jan. 1710 ... 24 Jan. 1715 ... D. [died], probably in office, 13 Dec. 1715 ... / 1716 Hamilton, Gustavus (cr. Baron Hamilton 20 Oct. 1715; Viscount Boyne 20 Aug. 1717) App. 22 Feb. 1716 ... D., probably in office, 16 Sept. 1723. / 1748 Conyngham, Henry (cr. Baron Conyngham 3 Oct. 1753; Viscount Conyngham 20 July 1756) App. 2 Mar. 1748 ... 2 June 1769 ... Replaced by Burton 16 Apr. 1779. [D. 3 Apr. 1781]"
  42. ^ Debrett 1828, p. 765 line 24. "... was appointed vice-admiral of the province of Ulster."
  43. ^ Marsden 1908, p. 755. "- Gorges. 16 January 1666 / Gustavus Hamilton. 31 April 1691 / Henry Conyngham. 2 March 1748"
  44. ^ G. E. C. 1913, p. 410. "Vice Admiral of Ulster, 1748-79."
  45. ^ a b House of Commons 1878, p. 611, Donegal, line 8. "1692 - 22 Sept. Gustavus Hamilton / Rosguill / ditto [County Donegal]"
  46. ^ House of Commons 1878, p. 641, Donegal, line 1. "Gustavus Hamilton, esq. / Donegal County"
  47. ^ a b House of Commons 1878, p. 651, Tyrone, line 4. "Gustavus Hamilton, esq. / Strabane Borough"
  48. ^ a b Lodge 1789b, p. 176, line 1. "... made Brigadier-General of his [William's] armies 30 May 1696."
  49. ^ Haydn 1851, p. 333. "Major-Generals ... Jan. 1, 1704. Gustavus, Viscount Boyne: distinguished himself at the battle of the Boyne, whence his title: died Sept. 1723."
  50. ^ a b Lodge 1789b, p. 176, line 10. "In May 1710, being of distinguished zeal for the Protestant interest, he was sworn of her Majesty's privy council ..."
  51. ^ McGuire 2009, last paragraph, last sentence."Much of the estate had already been sold to Gustavus Hamilton for £5,350."
  52. ^ Lewis 1840, p. 573. "Stackallen House is the handsome residence of Viscount Boyne, whose ancestor Gustavus ..."
  53. ^ NationalInventory. "Detached three-storey over basement country house built c.1715."
  54. ^ Henderson 1890, p. 160, left column, line 7. "... in October 1714 privy councillor to George I."
  55. ^ a b G. E. C. 1912, p. 266, line 34. "He was on 20 October 1715, cr. [created] Baron Hamilton of Stackallan [I. [Ireland]]."
  56. ^ a b G. E. C. 1912, p. 266, line 35. "... was cr. [created] on 20 Aug. 1717, Viscount Boyne in the province of Leinster [I. [Ireland] ]."
  57. ^ Henderson 1890, p. 160, left column, line 4. "He commanded a regiment at the siege of Vigo."
  58. ^ a b G. E. C. 1912, p. 267, line 3. "... she [Elizabeth] d. [died] at Stackallan, co. Meath, 28 Dec. 1721."
  59. ^ a b Lodge 1789b, p. 176, line 11. "... departed this life 16 September 1723, in the 84 year of his age ..."
  60. ^ Brewer 1826, p. 204. "His Lordship died in September, 16th, 1723 in the 84th year of his age, and is buried in the church of Stackallan ..."
  61. ^ Debrett 1828, p. 765 line 35. "The viscount d. 16 Sept. 1723 and was succeeded by his grandson Gustavus, 2nd Viscount ..."
  62. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
  63. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
  64. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 46. "James II. ... acc. 6 Feb. 1685 ..."
  65. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 170, line 10. "1687, 8 Jan. / 12 Feb. / Richard, 1st e. [earl] of Tyrconnell L.D. [Lord Deputy]"
  66. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 11. "William III. ... acc. 13 Feb. 1689 ..."
  67. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 55, line 21. "On Tuesday the 12th of March, King James arrived at Kinsale from France ..."
  68. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 31. "Anne ... acc. 8 Mar. 1702 ..."
  69. ^ Cannon 1848, p. 7. "On the 1st of May, 1706, May—General Hamilton was succeeded in the colonelcy of the regiment by Lieut.-Colonel John Newton, from the foot guards."
  70. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 38. "George I ... acc. 1 Aug. 1714;"
  71. ^ G. E. C. 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"

Sources

Subject matter monographs:

Parliament of Ireland
Preceded by
Charles Hamilton
Richard Perkins
 Member of Parliament for County Donegal
1692–1713
With: Charles Hamilton 1692–1695
Henry Conyngham 1695–1707
Frederick Hamilton 1707–1713 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
James Topham
Oliver McCausland
 Member of Parliament for Strabane
1713–1715
With: Oliver McCausland 		Succeeded by
Richard Stewart
Oliver McCausland
Military offices
Preceded by
Sir Richard Peyton
 Colonel of Gustavus Hamilton's Regiment of Foot
1689–1706 		Succeeded by
John Newton
Honorary titles
Preceded by
Gorges
 Vice-Admiral of Ulster
1691–1710 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Vice-Admiral of Ulster
1716–1723 		Succeeded by
Peerage of Ireland
New creation Viscount Boyne
1717–1723 		Succeeded by
Baron Hamilton of Stackallan
1715–1723
This page was last edited on 6 January 2024, at 22:21
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