Guillaume Delcourt

Lieutenant at sea, 1st class Guillaume Delcourt Off. OL, Military Cross, ComC
Portrait of Delcourt (lithography by Louis-Joseph Ghémar, 1854)^[1]
Birth name	Guillaume-Louis Delcourt
Born	31 March 1825 Brussels, Belgium
Died	2 February 1898 (aged 72) Antwerp, Belgium
Allegiance	Kingdom of Belgium
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Rank	Lieutenant at sea, 1st class
Battles/wars	Battle of Rio Nunez
Awards	Officer of the Order of Leopold, Military Cross, Commander of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
Alma mater	Royal Military Academy École Nationale Supérieure du Génie Maritime (ENSTA Paris)
Spouse(s)	Laurence Hortense Joséphine Lambrechts (b. 1832)

Guillaume Delcourt (31 March 1825 – 2 February 1898) was a Belgian Royal Navy officer, navigator, naval engineer and maritime advisor to King Leopold II. He was one of the major players of early Belgian expansion around the world.^[2]

Early life and family

Guillaume Delcourt's parents died young, leaving him an orphan as a child. His mother was Barbara Wittouck, who died in Brussels on 17 June 1830, and was daughter of the jurisconsult Guillaume Wittouck after whom Delcourt was named. His father Napoleon Joseph Delcourt, a brewer born in Ath, was injured while fighting for the Belgian Revolution in 1830^[3] and died three years later in Antwerp on 30 July 1833. After the death of his parents, he was raised by his mother's sister, Jeanne Wittouck, and her husband, Jean-Louis Van Dievoet, Secretary of the Court of Cassation. He descended from the Houses of Serhuyghs, Sleeus, t'Serroelofs, Coudenbergh, and Roodenbeke of the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels through his mother.

Education

After a brief career in banking, Delcourt was admitted at the Royal Military Academy in 1842 as an officer candidate of 2nd class. He graduated after two years as an officer candidate of 1st class.

Career

In 1845, he started to sail on the Macassar; on board he had to face numerous challenges in the China Seas: typhoons, storms, grounding.etc. He then sailed for Batavia. In route for Singapore in 1847, his ship was attacked by pirates in the Riau straight. On his way back, it was almost shipwrecked.

Delcourt, then aboard the Louise Marie, sailed for the Rio Nunez, where Leopold I had created a colony, and arrived there on 10 February 1849. He participated in the Rio Nuñez incident on 23 March 1849. During his return, his ship silted up, found itself in a bad position and took shots from partisans of Mayoré but was saved by the Africans who stayed loyal to the Belgians.^[4]^[5]

After the successful campaign, Leopold I promoted him to the rank of Ensign at sea.

He made another trip in 1850 to the Rio Nunez, but the situation had worsened. He then left for the Belgian colony of Santo-Thomas, in Guatemala, which was also collapsing.^[6]

In 1851, he left once more on board the Louise-Marie to the Rio Nunez. On the island of Gorée, the Belgians received a message from the consul of Belgium L. Bols-Wittouck, a cousin of Delcourt, that asked them to get back to Rio-Nunez rapidly, as the situation was worsening.

Delcourt was made lieutenant at sea, 1st class, on 1 July 1863.^[2]

In 1865, he was named engineer of maritime constructions, he helped develop the port of Antwerp. He became the maritime advisor of Leopold II and advised the king on the necessary maritime equipment for Sir Henry Morton Stanley and his expedition.^[2]

Legacy

His many writings are kept at the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History. These include his logbooks from his travels to Manila, Indonesia, and the West coast of Africa as well as his "extremely interesting" correspondence.^[2]

Archives of him are also kept at the Royal Museum for Central Africa.^[7]

Publications

1872 : « Cours de navigation » (Navigation lessons).^[8]
1875 : « Précis du cours de construction et armement maritimes » (Summary of the maritime construction and armament course), Institut supérieur du commerce, Antwerp.^[8]
1876 : « Notice sur la vie et les travaux d'Auguste-Joseph-Ghislain-Aintoine Stessels » (Note on the life and work of Auguste-Joseph-Ghislain-Aintoine Stessels) as a member of the commission directrice des Annales des Travaux publics.^[8]
1879 : « Rapport sur l'amélioration des canaux, leur exploitation par réseaux » (Report on the improvement of canals, their exploitation by networks).^[8]
1879 : « Analyse de l'ouvrage de M. Finet » (Analysis of the work of M. Finet).^[8]
1880 : He collaborated on « Rapport sur les moyens d'étendre les débouchées de la Belgique dans les pays d'outre-mer » (Report on the Ways to extend Belgium's opportunities to overseas countries).^[8]
1881 : « Les moyens d'étendre les débouchées de la Belgique dans les pays d'outre-mer » (Ways to extend Belgium's opportunities to overseas countries), in the Bulletin de la Société de Géographie d'Anvers.^[8]
1886 : « Rapport sur les bâtiments de tous genres, materiel, etc. » (Report on buildings of all kinds, materials, etc.) as a jury member of group VII of the classes 70, 71 and 72 of the Antwerp World Fair of 1885.^[8]
1886 : « Sauvetage maritime, éclairage et balisage des cotres, sauvetage pour incendies et autres accidents » (Maritime rescue, lighting and marking of cutters, rescue for fires and other accidents).^[8]
1887 : « Notice sur le Stern-Wheel Ville de Bruxelles » (Notice on the Sternwheeler Ville de Bruxelles), in the Bulletin de la Société de Géographie d'Anvers.^[8]
1894 : « Notice sur le gaz à l'eau » (Notice on water gas).^[8]

Honours

Belgium

Officer of the Order of Leopold^[2]
Military Cross, 1st class^[2]

Portugal

Commander of the Order of Christ^[2]

References

^ Another copy of this lithography is kept at the Museum of the Armed Forces, of which a photograph was published in: Louis Leconte, Les ancêtres de notre Force Navale, Brussels, 1952, p.186.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g A. Lederer, Guillaume Delcourt, conseiller maritime de Leopold II, in : Biographie belge d’Outremer, 1973, T. VII, col. 165-175. Read online
^ Auguste de Wargny, Supplément aux esquisses historiques de la première époque de la Révolution de la Belgique en 1830. Du 25 août au 29 septembre – espace de 35 jours, Brussels, published by J.-P. Meline, libraire-éditeur, 1831, p. 29.
^ Ch. Maroy, La colonie belge du Rio Nunez et l'expédition franco-belge de Bokié en 1849, in: Bulletin d'Études et d'Informations de l'École supérieure du Commerce, Antwerp, September–October, 1930.
^ A. Demougeot, Histoire du Nunez, in: Bulletin du Comité d'Études Historiques et Scientifiques de l'A.O.F., Volume 21, No. 2, 1938, pp. 177-289 (Mainly chapter IV, Les Belges au Nunez.)
^ Huguette De Clerck, Le cauchemar guatémaltèque: les Belges au Vera-Paz de 1842 à 1858, s.l. s.n., 2002
^ "Delcourt, Guillaume | AfricaMuseum - Archives". archives.africamuseum.be. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Louis Leconte, « Les ancêtres de notre Force Navale », Bruxelles, 1952, pp. 608-611 (biography of Delcourt)