Graham Bell Island

Graham Bell
Native name: Остров Греэм-Белл
Location of Graham Bell Island in the Franz Josef Archipelago
Graham Bell
Geography
Location	Kara Sea/Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean
Coordinates	80°51′59″N 64°17′21″E / 80.866389°N 64.289167°E / 80.866389; 64.289167
Archipelago	Franz Josef Land
Area	1,557 km² (601 sq mi)
Highest elevation	509 m (1670 ft)
Highest point	Kupol Vetrenyy
Administration
Russia

Graham Bell Island (Russian: Остров Греэм-Белл, Ostrov Greem-Bell) is an island in the Franz Josef Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, and is administratively part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.

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Geography

Graham Bell Island is one of the largest islands of the group. It lies east of Wilczek Land, separated from it by a narrow sound known as Morgan Sound (Пролив Моргана; Proliv Morgana). It is also the easternmost island of Franz Josef Land. Cape Kohlsaat, the easternmost point of the archipelago at 81°14′N, 65°10′E, lies on Graham Bell Island's eastern shore. Cape Kohlsaat marks the northwesternmost corner of the Kara Sea and is a significant geographical landmark, and it is partly glacierized.

The highest point of Graham Bell Island, 509 m (1,670 ft), is the summit of Kupol Vetrenyy (Купол Ветреный) "Windy Dome", a large ice dome covering the western part of the island.^[1]

This island was named after inventor Alexander Graham Bell.^[2] Graham Bell Island should not be confused with the smaller Bell Island which is also part of the Franz Josef Archipelago and is named after the shape, not the person.^[3]^[4]

History

Graham Bell Island was discovered on 2 May 1899 by a sledging party of the Wellman expedition composed of Evelyn Briggs Baldwin [de], Daniel Johansen, Emil Ellefsen, Olaf Ellefsen, and Paul Bjørvig.^[2]

It is home to a Cold War outpost and to the airfield Greem Bell (81°09′N 64°17′E / 81.150°N 64.283°E / 81.150; 64.283) on the Northeastern end of the island. It is the largest airfield in the archipelago. It has a runway 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) long. Russian cargo and fighter aircraft have regularly landed here since the 1950s. The runway was usable only in the 8 months of the year with sufficiently frozen ground. Before it was shut down, it was also used for tourist helicopter trips around the Russian arctic as a stopover and refueling base. The base was shut down completely in 1994. It began falling into ruins and was subsequently closed to normal visitors.^[5] In May 2012, the Russian Air Force announced it would reopen Graham Bell Airfield as part of a series of reopenings of air bases in the Arctic.^[6]

Adjacent islands

Graham Bell Island's northern shore is fringed by clusters of very small islets.
Ostrov Trëkhluchevoy – lies off its western shore at 80°57′06″N 63°04′45″E / 80.9517°N 63.0792°E / 80.9517; 63.0792 and is only 2 km in length.
Ostrov Udachnyy – is part of a cluster of islets located along the NW shores 81°08′30″N 64°08′45″E / 81.1417°N 64.1458°E / 81.1417; 64.1458

References

Citations

^ "Kupol Vetrenny". Mapcarta. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b Capelotti, Peter; Forsberg, Magnus (2015). "The place names of Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa: the Wellman polar expedition, 1898–1899". Polar Record. 51 (261): 624–636. doi:10.1017/S0032247414000801. S2CID 129721098.
^ "Холодный, загадочный и прекрасный мир ЭФИ". Archived from the original on 2017-08-03. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
^ "Franz-Josef-Land Info - Bell Island, Camp EIRA". Retrieved January 1, 2021.
^ "Graham Bell (Greem Bell) Island, Severnaja - Franz-Josef-Land". franz-josef-land.info. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
^ Gareth Jennings (12 January 2015). "Russia to build more Arctic airfields". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.

External links

Media related to Graham Bell Island at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Franz Josef Land
Geography	Austrian Strait British Channel Cape Bystrova Cape Fligely Cape Kohlsaat Cape Mary Harmsworth Markham Sound Queen Victoria Sea Russian Arctic National Park
History	Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition Nansen's Fram expedition Jackson–Harmsworth expedition Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition Ziegler Polar expedition Bratvaag expedition Malygin
Islands	Adelaide Alexandra Land Alger Arthur Becker Belaya Zemlya Bell Berghaus Bliss Brady Brice Bromwich Brosch Brownian Islands Bruce Island Champ Eaton Etheridge Islands Eva-Liv Freeden Geddes Gogenloe Graham Bell Greely Hall Harley Hayes Hochstetter Islands Hofmann Hooker Jackson Jefferson Kane Karl-Alexander Koetlitz Koldewey Kuhn La Ronciere Lamont Leigh-Smith Luigi Lütke Island Mabel May McClintock Nansen Newcomb Northbrook Payer Prince George Pritchet Querini Rainer Royal Society Rudolf Salisbury Salm Schönau Scott-Keltie Wiener Neustadt Wilczek Island Wilczek Land Wilton Zichy Land Ziegler
Outposts	Ernst Krenkel Observatory Nagurskoye

Islands of the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic)

v t e Alexander Graham Bell
Life and family	Alexander Melville Bell Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia Bell House (Virginia) Bras d'Or Lake Chichester Bell David Fairchild Graham Fairchild Edwin S. Grosvenor Gardiner Greene Hubbard Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor Gilbert M. Grosvenor Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial Kendall Myers Mabel Gardiner Hubbard Mabel H. Grosvenor Melville Bell Grosvenor Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf Telephone Cases
People	Anthony Pollok Charles Williams Jr. Glenn Curtiss Marcellus Bailey Thomas Cowherd Thomas Selfridge Thomas A. Watson Walter Seymour Allward
Works	AEA Cygnet AEA June Bug AEA Red Wing AEA Silver Dart AEA White Wing Aerial Experiment Association Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Bell Boatyard Bell Oionus I Bell System Bell Telephone Company Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2 Canadian Aerodrome Company Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech Dictation machine Edison Gower-Bell Telephone Company of Europe Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy Graphophone HD-4 Hubbard Monoplane Life Extension Institute National Geographic Society National Telephone Company New England Telephone and Telegraph Company Oriental Telephone Company Phonograph cylinder Photophone Volta Laboratory and Bureau
Tributes	Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site Alexander Graham Bell School (Illinois) Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes Bell Homestead National Historic Site Bell Telephone Memorial Graham Bell Island HMCS Bras d'Or IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal Pioneers, a Volunteer Network The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (1939 film) The Sound and the Silence (1992 film)
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This page was last edited on 4 September 2022, at 13:10

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