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Gourmand syndrome

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gourmand syndrome
Frontal lobe (at right)
SpecialtyNeurology

Gourmand syndrome is a very rare and benign eating disorder that usually occurs six to twelve months after an injury to the frontal lobe.[1][2][3][4] Those with the disorder usually have a right hemisphere frontal or temporal brain lesion typically affecting the cortical areas, basal ganglia or limbic structures.[3][2][5][6] These people develop a new, post-injury passion for gourmet food.[3][2][5][4]

There are two main aspects of gourmand syndrome: first, the fine dining habits and changes to taste, and second, the obsessive component, which may result in craving and preservation.[2] Gourmand syndrome can be related to, and shares biological features with, addictive and obsessive disorders.[2][3] The syndrome was first characterised in 1997.[3]

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(summer bummer title) Hi, I'm John Green. Welcome to my salon. I'm so glad I don't have Intermittent Explosive Disorder, a condition marked by random fits of disproportionate rage. I'M SO ANGRY. AHHHHHHH. Anyway, thats just one of 31 fascinating disorders we'll talk about today on mental_floss. 2. To people who suffer from Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, other people can look like they've consumed "Eat Me" cakes or "Drink Me" potions. The distortion, caused by a rare type of migraine, can last for weeks or mere seconds. *points to Donald on wall* Mark, is Donald Duck Syndrome that disease when you dream about going to school with no pants on? If not, they are really missing a naming opportunity there. 3. Are you an elderly Japanese woman who's sick of having a recently retired spouse underfoot? Probably not, judging from our demographics. But if you are, then you might have the aptly named Retired Husband Syndrome, which can actually cause physical ailment, like stomach ulcers and rashes. 4. Japanese people are most susceptible to Paris Syndrome, the psychiatric breakdown that occurs when the city of Paris, France, doesn't live up to the romantic ideal you've envisioned. Thankfully, the Japanese embassy has a 24-hour hotline for citizens suffering from culture shock. Really. 5. Truman Show Delusion is marked by a patient's belief that he or she is the star of an imaginary reality show. The camera's real right? 6. It's possible that George Costanza was a victim of Genital Retraction Syndrome or "Koro," a condition that causes people to believe their genitals are shrinking, disappearing, or have been stolen entirely. Strangely, Koro is occasionally an epidemic. 7. And while we're talking Seinfeld, let us not overlook the time Kramer had seizures upon hearing the voice of entertainment reporter Mary Hart. This was based on an actual incident in which a woman had epileptic seizures due to the specific pitch and quality of the tone of Mary Hart's voice. 8. Last Seinfeld reference, I swear. On the rare occasion that people laugh so hard they faint, they're said to have something called Laugh Syncope. So when a 62-year-old man passed out into his mashed potatoes because he was laughing so hard at a certain show about nothing, doctors dubbed it "Seinfeld Syncope." 9. Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair - don't eat it. You've probably heard of trichophagia, where people are compelled to eat their hair. The thing is, hair isn't digestible, so over time, it accumulates into a giant mass that can wrap around and perforate internal organs, which is called Rapunzel Syndrome. 10. Ever walk into a room and immediately forget why you're there? It could be Busy Life Syndrome, which is essentially just information overload. Researchers blame constant stimulation from cell phones, the Internet and social media. ...I'm sorry, that's my fault. 11. 12 and 13: Coprographia, coprolalia, and copropraxia. Respectively, those mean making rude drawings or writings, using profane words, and making obscene gestures - all involuntarily. You know, like Jonah Hill in that Superbad flashback. 14.*points to icecream* Does your strawberry ice cream taste like vanilla? You might have dysgeusia, a disorder that distorts the sense of taste. Or they might have put the wrong food coloring in the ice cream. 15. Often associated with dysgeusia is Burning Mouth Syndrome. Nearly 1.3 million Americans suffer from it, so right now one of you is probably feels like you just got hot pizza cheese plastered to the roof of your mouth - even if you haven't eaten recently. 16. Pizza probably wouldn't be at the top of the list for someone with Gourmand Syndrome. Thought to be caused by an injury to the right frontal lobe of the brain, GS results in a "preoccupation with food and a preference for fine eating." My syndrom does involve a pre-occupation with food, but its the opposite: really low quality food..so I don't know what that would be called, maybe American food. *STAN CAN WE GET A LIBERTAGE!* 17. People suffering from Dr. Strangelove Syndrome often think they're Peter Sellers. No. Strangelove Syndrome is also known as "alien hand syndrome," where one hand appears to be controlled by someone other than the person it's attached to, even going so far as to injure the person. Alien Hand Syndrome is also the subject of a terrible 1999 Devon Sawa/Seth Green movie. Why by the way, is not related to me. 18. Inserting nonsense words for real words without even realizing it is the result of Jargon aphasia. It can actually progress to the point where someone suffering from the condition is talking in an entirely made-up language. 19. In other news of diseases that would be injurious to my career, Walking Corpse Syndrome. Those with WCS, or Cotard's Delusion, think they're dead or rotting, have possibly lost their blood or internal organs, or believe they never actually existed in the first place. 20. Capgras delusion is when you believe that a loved one has been replaced by an identical impostor. {John looks suspiciously at a photo of Hank}. Hmm...good try, Mark...but I don't love him. 21. I'm just kidding, Hank. If you're Hank. The flipside of Capgras is the Fregoli delusion, which causes a person to believe that many different people are actually just a single person who is skilled in the art of disguise. The first case was reported in 1927, when a woman believed that two local stage actors were constantly following her, pretending to be people she knew. 22. Ok. So here's a thing that exists: Purple urine bag syndrome, AKA PUBS. Occasionally, nursing homes report that elderly patients who have been catheterized are producing bags filled with purple pee. It appears to be a harmless condition that's likely caused by certain enzymes mixing with tryptophan - the same stuff in turkey that's purported to make you sleepy. Side note, but do you think California rasin's pee purple? 23. If you wake up one morning with an accent that you have no right to have, Madonna, it's possible that you're the victim of Foreign Accent Syndrome. Doctors believe it happens when the tiny area of the brain that controls language gets damaged by a stroke or other brain injuries. 24. And now on to Exploding Head Syndrome. *Head Explodes* Mark, C'mon. Alright, that's better. People with EHS hear loud noises that don't exist, most often waking them up in the middle of the night. The noises have been described as everything from a bomb exploding to cymbals crashing. 25. People who have little to no awareness of time have dyschronometria. This applies to people who can't even approximate when 30 seconds have gone by, not your brother who is consistently 15 minutes late to everything. 26. Just like the Beatles and Justin Bieber, pianist Franz Liszt had crazed fans. But, back in li 1800s, the word "mania" had real medical connotations, so the fact that doctors named the phenomenon "Lisztomania" indicated that it had physical symptoms including fainting and hysteria. Although to be fair, I would likely faint in the presence of the Beibs. 27. Trimethylaminuria - let's just call it Fish Odor Syndrome - is a metabolic disorder that makes you smell like day-old fish. There is no known cure or treatment. Good luck with life! 28. Smelling odors that aren't really there? That's phantosmia. 29. Smelling something rotten when what's really there is something pleasant? That's parosmia. 30. Not smelling anything at all? That's anosmia. 31. And lastly, we return to my portrait gallery to discuss Stendhal Syndrome. Does seeing that baby octopus thing make your heart race? Does it make you feel like you might faint? Then you might have Stendhal Syndrome. Such people often feel dizzy or faint when they are in the presence of art that they find particularly beautiful or a lot of art. Thanks for watching mental_floss on YT made with the help of these nice people!

Signs and symptoms

A new-found obsession for refined foods after frontal lobe injury is the primary characterization of Gourmand syndrome.[2][1][3][4][5][6][excessive citations]

Causes

It is believed that the frontotemporal circuits, normally involved in healthy eating, can, when injured, cause gourmand syndrome in patients.[4]

History

Only 36 people had been diagnosed with gourmand syndrome as of 2001.[6] In many of these cases, the patient did not have any interest in food beforehand nor had any family history with eating disorders.[5][2][3]

The first, most famous case was seen in 1997 by Regard and Landis in the journal Neurology:[2][3] after a Swiss stroke patient was released from the hospital, he immediately quit his job as a political journalist and took up the profession of food critic.[3] Regard and Landis also observed an athletic businessman with this condition whose family was shocked to see such a sudden, drastic change in his diet.[3]

Only one case of gourmand syndrome has been reported in a child. He was born with issues with his right temporal lobe; at eight years old he began to experience seizures, within the year of the seizures beginning, his behavior began to change to the symptoms of gourmand syndrome.[2]

In 2014, a man that was once interested in marathon running now was only interested in gastronomy, traveling hundreds or thousands of miles to eat gourmet food. He became a famous gastronomic critic and gained 50 kg (110 pounds).[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Alonso-Alonso, Miguel (2007-04-25). "The Right Brain Hypothesis for Obesity". JAMA. 297 (16): 1819–1822. doi:10.1001/jama.297.16.1819. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 17456824.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kurian, M.; Schmitt-Mechelke, T.; Korff, C.; Delavelle, J.; Landis, T.; Seeck, M. (2008). ""Gourmand syndrome" in a child with pharmacoresistant epilepsy". Epilepsy & Behavior. 13 (2): 413–415. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.04.004. PMID 18502182. S2CID 29040664.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Regard, Marianne; Landis, Theodor (1997). ""Gourmand syndrome": Eating passion associated with right anterior lesions". Neurology. 48 (5): 1185–1190. doi:10.1212/WNL.48.5.1185. PMID 9153440. S2CID 19234711.
  4. ^ a b c d Uher, R.; Treasure, J. (2004). "Brain lesions and eating disorders". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 76 (6): 852–857. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.048819. PMC 1739667. PMID 15897510.
  5. ^ a b c d e Gallo, M.; Gámiz, F.; Perez-Garíca, M.; Morals, R.; Rolls, T. (2014). "Taste and olfactory status in a gourmand with a right amygdala lesion". Neurocase. 20 (4): 421–433. doi:10.1080/13554794.2013.791862. hdl:10481/86875. PMID 23668221. S2CID 13334347.
  6. ^ a b c Cummings, Jeffery L.; Lichter, David G. (2001). Frontal-Subcortical Circuits in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. New York, London: Guliford Press. pp. 167–169. ISBN 1-57230-623-8.

Further reading

This page was last edited on 5 March 2024, at 14:31
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